The document discusses the origins, technology concepts, and structure of the internet, highlighting its role in e-commerce and mobile commerce. It outlines key components such as packet switching, protocols, and web technologies that enable digital communication and commerce. Additionally, it addresses current limitations of the internet and predictions for future advancements.

1. ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM & E-
COMMERCE
LECTURE 6
THE INTERNET AND THE WEB
CHAPTER 3: E-COMMERCE
INFRASTRUCTURE
By
Habib Ullah Qamar
MSCS,MBA(HRM)

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVE
 Discuss the origins of the Internet.
 Identify the key technology concepts behind the Internet.
 Discuss the impact of the mobile platform and cloud
computing.
 Describe the role of Internet protocols and utility
programs.
 Explain the current structure of the Internet.
 Understand the limitations of today’s Internet.
 Describe the potential capabilities of the Internet of the
future.
 Understand how the Web works.
 Describe how Internet and Web features and services
support e-commerce.
 Understand the impact of m-commerce applications.

3. INTERNET : THE BACKGROUND
 What is the Internet? Where did it come from, and
how did it support the growth of the Web? What are
the Internet’s most important operating principles?
How much do you really need to know about the
technology of the Internet?
 Let’s take the last question first.
 There are two options..based on your career
path!
 If marketing and business then this discussion
in next few lectures is enough
 If Technical career like a web designer then this
will be a foundation.

4. INTERNET : THE BACKGROUND
 An interconnected network of thousands of networks
and millions of computers linking businesses,
educational institutions, government agencies, and
individuals.
 The Internet provides approximately 2.56 billion people
around the world (including about 243 million people
in the United States) with services such as e-mail,
apps, newsgroups, shopping, research, instant
messaging, music, videos, and news.
 Who is owner? No single organization controls the
Internet or how it functions, nor is it owned by anybody,
yet it has provided the infrastructure for a transformation
in commerce, scientific research, and culture.
 The word internet is derived from Internetwork.

5. THE EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET: 1961—
THE PRESENT

6. THE INTERNET: KEY TECHNOLOGY CONCEPTS
 packet switching : a method of slicing digital messages
into packets, sending the packets along different
communication paths as they become available, and
then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their
destination.
 Packets :the discrete units into which digital messages
are sliced for transmission over the Internet.
 router: special-purpose computer that interconnects the
computer networks that make up the Internet and routes
packets to their ultimate destination as they travel the
Internet
 routing algorithm: computer program that ensures that
packets take the best available path toward their
destination

7. THE INTERNET: KEY TECHNOLOGY CONCEPTS
 Protocol : a set of rules and standards for data
transfer
 transmission control Protocol/internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) : the core communications protocol for the
Internet.
 TCP : protocol that establishes the connections
among sending and receiving Web computers and
handles the assembly of packets at the point of
transmission, and their reassembly at the receiving
end.
 IP : protocol that provides the Internet’s addressing
scheme and is responsible for the actual delivery of
the packets

8. ROUTING INTERNET MESSAGES: TCP/IP AND
PACKET SWITCHING

9. THE INTERNET: KEY TECHNOLOGY CONCEPTS
 domain name : IP address expressed in natural
language
 domain name system (DNS) system for
expressing numeric IP addresses in natural
language
 uniform resource Locator (URL)the address used
by a Web browser to identify the location of content
on the Web

10. THE INTERNET: KEY TECHNOLOGY CONCEPTS
 client/server computing :a model of computing in
which powerful personal computers are connected
in a network together with one or more servers
 Client : a powerful personal computer that is part of
a network
 Server : networked computer dedicated to common
functions that the client computers on the network
need

11. TODAY INTERNET

12. THE INTERNET BACKBONE
Bandwidth measures how much data can be transferred over a
communications medium within a fixed period of time and is usually
expressed in bits per second (bps), kilobits (thousands of bits) per second
(Kbps), megabits (millions of bits) per second (Mbps), or gigabits (billions of
bits) per second (Gbps).

13. INTERNET CONNECTION TYPES
 The firms that provide the lowest level of service by
leasing Internet access to home owners, small
businesses, and some large institutions are called
Internet Service Providers (ISPs). ISPs are retail
providers.

14. THE FUTURE INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE
 Future will be more fast, secure and reliable (internet2)
 Limitation of internet
 Bandwidth limitations. There is insufficient capacity throughout
the backbone, the metropolitan switching centers, and most
importantly, the “last mile” to the house and small businesses.
The result is slow peak-hour service (congestion) and a limited
ability to handle high volumes of video and voice traffic.
 Quality of service limitations. Today’s information packets take
a twisty route to get to their final destinations. This creates the
phenomenon of latency—delays in messages caused by the
uneven flow of information packets through the network.
 Network architecture limitations. Today, a thousand requests
for a single music track from a central server will result in a
thousand efforts by the server to download the music to each
requesting client. This slows down network performance.
 Wired Internet. The Internet is still largely based on cables—
fiber-optic and coaxial copper cables. Copper cables use a
centuries-old technology, and fiber-optic cable is expensive to
place underground.

15. THE WEB
 Without the Web, there would be no…………..
 e-commerce.
 The invention of the Web brought an
 extraordinary expansion of digital services to millions of amateur
computer users, including color text and pages, formatted text, pictures,
animations, video, and sound. In short, the Web makes nearly all the rich
elements of human expression needed to establish a commercial
marketplace available to nontechnical computer users worldwide.
 Web was not invented until 1989,1991 by Dr. Tim Berners-Lee of the
European Particle Physics Laboratory, better known as CERN (Berners-
Lee et al., 1994).
 Several earlier authors—such as Vannevar Bush (in 1945) and Ted
Nelson (in the 1960s)—had suggested the possibility of organizing
knowledge as a set of interconnected pages that users could freely
browse (Bush, 1945; Ziff Davis Publishing, 1998).
 Berners-Lee and his associates at CERN built on these ideas and
developed the initial versions of HTML, HTTP, a Web server, and a
browser, the four essential components of the Web

16. THE WEB
 Hypertext is a way of formatting pages with embedded
links that connect documents to one another and that
also link pages to other objects such as sound, video, or
animation files. When you click on a graphic and a video
clip plays, you have clicked on a hyperlink.
 Web server software refers to the software that
enables a computer to deliver Web pages written in
HTML to client computers on a network that request this
service by sending an HTTP request.
 A Web client, on the other hand, is any computing
device attached to the Inter-net that is capable of
making HTTP requests and displaying HTML pages.
The most common client is a Windows or Macintosh
computer, with various flavors of Unix/Linux computers a
distant third. However, the fastest growing category of
Web clients are not computers at all, but smart-phones,
tablets, and netebooks outfitted with wireless Web
access software.

17. MOBILE APPS: THE NEXT BIG THING IS HERE
 The use of mobile Internet access devices such as
smartphones, iPads and other tablet computers, and laptops
in e-commerce has truly exploded.
 From nearly zero mobile commerce prior to 2007, today,
mobile commerce revenue in the United States is expected to
be over $38 billion, representing around 15% of all retail e-
commerce sales in 2013.
 According to market research firm eMarketer, over 60% of all
online shoppers are mobile shoppers as well, and this number
is expected to increase to over 80% by 2016.
 In addition, eMarketer also believes that 72 million people in
the United States will make a purchase through a mobile
device in 2013, and this number will increase by almost 65%
to 120 million in 2016 (eMarketer, Inc., 2013j).
 While mobile commerce is more widespread among younger
consumers.

18. MOBILE APPS: THE NEXT BIG THING IS HERE
 Tablets are being added into the mix. More than
50% of tablet owners have reported using their
tablets at least once a week to shop, particularly on
nights and weekends, and often from the comfort of
couch or bed. More than 40% have made a
purchase using their tablet (eMarketer, Inc., 2012).
As a result, companies are rapidly increasing
their investment in mobile commerce
technologies.
 Mobile capabilities include making sure Web sites
are compatible with mobile browsers, are
optimized for use on various devices and provide
downloadable mobile apps.

19. RESOURCES
 E-Commerce by Kenneth C. Loudon, Carol Traver :
2014 version : Chapter 3
 www.Wikipedia.org
 http://theITeducation.com/
 http://slideshare.net/habibullahqamar/

20. THANK YOU