The document discusses the evolution of architectural technology and construction shapes throughout history. It begins with ancient shapes like beams and columns used by early civilizations, as well as pyramids constructed by the Egyptians. It then examines the development of arches during the Romanesque period. A case study of the Alhambra palace highlights innovative water supply technologies used. Newer construction shapes introduced during the Industrial Revolution included trusses, cables, and thin concrete shells, as exemplified by notable structures like the Eiffel Tower and Guggenheim Bilbao museum. The future of architecture is predicted to continue innovating with new materials and sustainable designs.
Postmodern architecture is a reaction and evolution to the modern architecture that came before it. Not only did designers begin to make use of new innovations, but at the same time they appropriated design elements from the past. Buildings became an eclectic mix of old and new as the old "Form follows function" mantra was forgotten. One of the iconic postmodern examples is the Sony Building in New York City.
As with many cultural movements, some of postmodernism's most pronounced and visible ideas can be seen in architecture. The functional and formalized shapes and spaces of the modernist movement are replaced by aesthetics: form is adopted for its own sake, and new ways of viewing familiar styles and space abound.
Classic examples of modern architecture are the Lever House and the Seagram Building in commercial space, and the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright or the Bauhaus movement in private or communal spaces.
Transitional examples of postmodern architecture are the Portland Building in Portland, Oregon and the Sony Building in New York City, which borrows elements and references from the past and reintroduces color and symbolism to architecture.
HERITAGE- It is not only about built heritage but includes certain distinctive open areas, neighborhoods, and environs
which are of historical, aesthetic,
cultural or sociological interest and
value which we would like to preserve
for the posterity as they enrich our
history and traditions.Heritage characteristics to be
preserved or conserved are
identified as elevational features,
floor heights, cornices, special
carvings designs, motifs,
architectural style, roof-scape
etc.
Conserving and preserving the
Heritage of our historical possession
in its pristine and original form, so
that it continues to portray its original
beauty, distinctive character, unique
style or use or association with a
distinctive historical personality or
event
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Started in the 1980’s
It views architecture in bits and pieces.
have no visual logic
Buildings may appear to be made up of abstract forms.
More than we say free flow of forms
Ideas were borrowed from the French philosopher, Jacques Derrida.
According to the Deconstructivism style, a building is designed in parts. The architecture seems as if it is done in bits and pieces, in a haphazard manner, without any importance given to logic or architecture norms. A building constructed by deconstructivism style reflects discordant pieces joined together to form unrelated abstract forms. Deconstructivism focuses on changing the conventional rectilinear lines of a normal architectural building into non-rectilinear lines, transforming the external features of the building into distorted shapes and fragmented features.
Postmodern architecture is a reaction and evolution to the modern architecture that came before it. Not only did designers begin to make use of new innovations, but at the same time they appropriated design elements from the past. Buildings became an eclectic mix of old and new as the old "Form follows function" mantra was forgotten. One of the iconic postmodern examples is the Sony Building in New York City.
As with many cultural movements, some of postmodernism's most pronounced and visible ideas can be seen in architecture. The functional and formalized shapes and spaces of the modernist movement are replaced by aesthetics: form is adopted for its own sake, and new ways of viewing familiar styles and space abound.
Classic examples of modern architecture are the Lever House and the Seagram Building in commercial space, and the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright or the Bauhaus movement in private or communal spaces.
Transitional examples of postmodern architecture are the Portland Building in Portland, Oregon and the Sony Building in New York City, which borrows elements and references from the past and reintroduces color and symbolism to architecture.
HERITAGE- It is not only about built heritage but includes certain distinctive open areas, neighborhoods, and environs
which are of historical, aesthetic,
cultural or sociological interest and
value which we would like to preserve
for the posterity as they enrich our
history and traditions.Heritage characteristics to be
preserved or conserved are
identified as elevational features,
floor heights, cornices, special
carvings designs, motifs,
architectural style, roof-scape
etc.
Conserving and preserving the
Heritage of our historical possession
in its pristine and original form, so
that it continues to portray its original
beauty, distinctive character, unique
style or use or association with a
distinctive historical personality or
event
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Started in the 1980’s
It views architecture in bits and pieces.
have no visual logic
Buildings may appear to be made up of abstract forms.
More than we say free flow of forms
Ideas were borrowed from the French philosopher, Jacques Derrida.
According to the Deconstructivism style, a building is designed in parts. The architecture seems as if it is done in bits and pieces, in a haphazard manner, without any importance given to logic or architecture norms. A building constructed by deconstructivism style reflects discordant pieces joined together to form unrelated abstract forms. Deconstructivism focuses on changing the conventional rectilinear lines of a normal architectural building into non-rectilinear lines, transforming the external features of the building into distorted shapes and fragmented features.
Neoclassical style produced both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque.
Student presentation on interior works of Zaha Hadid. Description about Zaha Hadid, her popular works year-wise, style of designing, reference from other ppts and 4 works basic details and awards for the projects provided.
Contains mostly pictorial representation and basic information regarding the project. PDF format
Neoclassical style produced both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque.
Student presentation on interior works of Zaha Hadid. Description about Zaha Hadid, her popular works year-wise, style of designing, reference from other ppts and 4 works basic details and awards for the projects provided.
Contains mostly pictorial representation and basic information regarding the project. PDF format
The representation of archaeological-architectonical record of Pisa. Progetto Mappa
Built to last in time, buildings have a lifecycle that may span over many centuries. During this period, they are restored, modified, expanded or demolished. Each of these interventions inevitably leaves traces, which are identified and arranged in a chronological sequence by building archaeologists in order to retrace the history of a building – or of its remains – from the moment in which it was built to present day. In the case of buildings stratification is mainly “vertical”, but its representation through GIS is “horizontal”.
The study we propose was developed on the urban fabric of Pisa’s historical centre for the MAPPA project. The research started from a complete survey of the buildings, carried out using records that detailed the characteristics of the building through all the historical periods attested above ground, from Roman to Contemporary ages, allowing us to check the legibility and the transformations of the building structures. In order to collect the data, a database was created in which each record was defined on the basis of an Urban Architectural Unit (UAU) of belonging, i.e. an element that has its own identity and function in the present-day city. Every Unit is linked to the CAs (Architectural Building) and CFs (Construction) that eventually compose it. The former includes fields related to the name of the building, function, construction type, initial and final chronology and description of the building, the latter describes the function, construction type, and initial and final chronology. Both are linked to the Elevation Record and Building Phase Record. The former provides brief details and links to the drawn and photographic documents, whereas the latter describes each single construction phase in greater detail, through fields regarding construction materials, laying, building techniques, chronology, and description of brackets, putlog holes, supporting arches, portals and windows.
A first novelty is the use of the webGIS to visualise the evidences: UAU, CA and CF feature classes are described with a polygonal graph, and phases with a linear graph. This allowed us not only to compare and crosscheck the data on a larger scale than traditional research, but also to obtain new elements on the way the city has grown, useful to define the archaeological potential of the various areas.
The work carried out within the scope of the MAPPA project offers a second novelty which is currently at its start phase: building archaeology can provide data that are useful to determine buried artefacts. Specifically, they can reconstruct (at least from the late-medieval period) the original heights of the buildings and roads they overlooked, i.e. the height of the below ground level which has changed over the centuries due to the city’s increasing growth.
Phonm penh changing urban fabric with demography – past and futureeSAT Journals
Abstract The fabric of a city flows and weaves itself from the people. Essentially, people make the city and so, their culture, traditions and practices create the spaces in a city/town. The rich relation between man and his cities can be seen in a number of modern day examples, such as Paris, Barcelona, Bangkok and many more. These cities show the myriad beauty in the mix of architecture in the urban fabric and how the natural development, with proper design can give rise to complex, yet organized developments. Phonm Penh, as a riverfront city and the capital city of Cambodia, offers fascinating architecture, vistas of mixed architectural styles and great scope for future architectural development. This paper is an attempt to understand and study the changing urban fabric of a city that has been the glorious historical epicenter of the Khmer kingdom, an ally, victim and refuge during the Vietnam War, a colony of the French and a genocide killing field. This paper is an effort to study factors affecting its urban fabric in the past and present and future scenarios and how this can be used in other mixed socio-cultural settings with a rich and diverse history. Key Words: Urban fabric, architecture, History, development, socio-economy, future
Inchicore on Track's presentation at the ABP Oral Hearing in March 2011, in relation to the Dart Underground coming Above ground in Inchicore. Chapter 4: Design, Architecture & Heritage
Ranking Buildings and Mining the Web for Popular Architectural PatternsUjwal Gadiraju
Knowledge about the reception of architectural structures is crucial for architects and urban planners. Yet obtaining such information has been a challenging and costly activity. However, with the advent of the Web, a vast amount of structured and unstructured data describing architectural structures has become available publicly. This includes information about the perception and use of buildings (for instance, through social media), and structured information
about the building’s features and characteristics (for instance, through public Linked Data). Hence, first mining (i) the popularity of buildings from the social Web and (ii) then correlating such rankings with certain features of
buildings, can provide an efficient method to identify successful architectural patterns. In this paper we propose an approach to rank buildings through the automated mining of Flickr metadata. By further correlating such rankings with
building properties described in Linked Data we are able to identify popular patterns for particular building types (airports, bridges, churches, halls, and skyscrapers). Our approach combines crowdsourcing with Web mining techniques
to establish influential factors, as well as ground truth to evaluate our rankings. Our extensive experimental results depict that methods tailored to specific structure types allow an accurate measurement of their public perception.
An assessment-based process for modifying the built fabric of historic centre...Beniamino Murgante
An assessment-based process for modifying the built fabric of historic centres: the case of Como in Lombardy
Pier Luigi Paolillo, Alberto Benedetti, Umberto Baresi, Luca Terlizzi, Giorgio Graj -Polytechnic of Milan
Place qualities - section 3 intro to urban design and placemakingPlacefocus
This PPT discusses the qualities of the places we like. Most of the cherished and highly valued places in Australia, as well as other parts of the world, share key characteristics or 'Place Qualities'. More information available at http://www.placefocus.com/Place-Qualities/place-qualities.html
You can buy a copy of our manual or enrol in an on-line course at http://placefocus.com/Shop/placefocus-shop.html
Best practice - Developing qualitative urban space with the help of CI – Park of Architecture – Vilnius, Mr Mindaugas Pakalnis, chief architect of Municipal Enterprise Vilnius Pan, Council Member of the Lithuanian Union of Architects
How to Speak Art & Tech:
Social Media and the Global Guggenheim
Social media is a lot like language. Users communicate with each other while living in a digital dimension of the world with trends that shift and evolve over time. If you’re not a part of that world, it might as well be a foreign language. How can social media be used to speak to a global audience—about art—a foreign language in and of itself, and how do you tell stories from within your own institution in a meaningful, accessible, and authentic voice? Conversely, how do you translate digital speak to key stakeholders who aren’t fluent in technology?
Using the Guggenheim as a case study, this talk will guide participants on how to speak art and tech—from creating a digital content strategy around visual literacy and best practices for integration within a digital ecosystem, to leveraging success internally to inspire participation and champion support. The presentation will also include highlights and case studies from recent Guggenheim social media initiatives that engage both local and global audiences.
JiaJia Fei is the Associate Director, Digital Marketing at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, where she has catalyzed the museum’s embrace of digital media through integrated social media, e-mail, web, mobile, and new media marketing initiatives since 2010. JiaJia received her BA in History of Art from Bryn Mawr College, and has lectured widely on social media and digital marketing at museum conferences and universities worldwide, including Museums & the Web, College Art Association, Sotheby’s Art Institute, New York University, University of Oregon, Fundación Proa, and MIT Media Lab.
Forge - DevCon 2016: The Future of Making Buildings Forms Follow FormulaeAutodesk
Anthony A. Hauck, Director of Product Strategy, Autodesk
Computation can apply to far more than recording and communicating decisions about buildings through drawings. More than 50 years ago, advanced architecture and engineering firms foresaw the potential for technology to become an exploratory partner in the design and building process. Now this potential is being realized through the intersection of captured project intent, shared expertise, known physical and regulatory constraints, and scalable cloud computing. Autodesk is investing in this future, creating a platform to capture and express building expertise in the context of project requirements to rapidly arrive at possible solutions. This session will summarize three years of research and development in generative form and highlight current customer collaborations and coming development opportunities for the Autodesk partner network.
Architectural design and its attributes have evolved over a period of time. Form and Function are its two major aspects and the sense of perception involves with these entities forms the basic subject the following slide show.
This ppt is about to know the basic info how the construction took place different regions,areas and in different centuries..
This ppt may be useful for all.
INTRO TO ENGINEERING STUDENT PRESENTATION.pptxBismark Budu
Overview of Engineering which entails
1. History of Engineering
2. What is Engineering
3. Functions of an Engineer
4. Engineering as a Profession
5. Intro to Engineering psychology
Theory of Architecture 2 class
Report by: Michelle S. Estrada & Caren V.Cuevas
Central Colleges of the Philippines
College of Architecture
2nd Semester S.Y. 2015-16
December 2015
Architectural Masterpieces Around The Globejaafarshaikh
Awe-inspiring architecture is all around us if we only take the time to look. From the ancient pyramids of Giza to the modern skyline of Dubai, humans have always been driven to build things that are both functional and beautiful. They say travel is the best teacher and the best way to learn about a culture, so why not explore new cultures from the comfort of your own home? If you're interested in architectural masterpieces around the globe, we've compiled a list for you!
Top 5 Indian Style Modular Kitchen DesignsFinzo Kitchens
Get the perfect modular kitchen in Gurgaon at Finzo! We offer high-quality, custom-designed kitchens at the best prices. Wardrobes and home & office furniture are also available. Free consultation! Best Quality Luxury Modular kitchen in Gurgaon available at best price. All types of Modular Kitchens are available U Shaped Modular kitchens, L Shaped Modular Kitchen, G Shaped Modular Kitchens, Inline Modular Kitchens and Italian Modular Kitchen.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
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Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
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https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
Dive into the innovative world of smart garages with our insightful presentation, "Exploring the Future of Smart Garages." This comprehensive guide covers the latest advancements in garage technology, including automated systems, smart security features, energy efficiency solutions, and seamless integration with smart home ecosystems. Learn how these technologies are transforming traditional garages into high-tech, efficient spaces that enhance convenience, safety, and sustainability.
Ideal for homeowners, tech enthusiasts, and industry professionals, this presentation provides valuable insights into the trends, benefits, and future developments in smart garage technology. Stay ahead of the curve with our expert analysis and practical tips on implementing smart garage solutions.
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
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2. 1. Introduction to architectural technology
2. Ancient construction shapes
2.1. Beams and columns
2.2. Pyramids
2.3 Arches
3. Case Study: Alhambra palace
4. New construction shapes
4.1 Trusses
4.2 Cables
4.3 Shells
5. Case study: Guggenheim Bilbao museum
6. How will buildings look like in the future?
7. Debate
3. ARCHITECTURE.
The professional service rendered by architects is known as
architecture. It is basically the science and art of
conceptualizing, designing, and constructing buildings and
other structures either for human shelter or for other purposes such
as storage, production, entertainment, or exhibition. Often,
famous works of architecture have been identified as cultural
symbols and also as works of art. Many historical civilizations
have also been made famous due to their architectural
uniqueness.
4. ARCHITECTURE. ORIGIN AND HISTORY .INDEX
• Basic survival needs. (architecture took the form of a craft).
•The early civilizations saw the splendid architecture of the Egyptians,
Mesopotamians, Persians, Greek, and Romans.
• Architecture as a religious symbol. (Roman Coliseum and the Egyptian
Pyramids) .
•The medieval period: saw the emergence of Islamic architecture.
•The Renaissance period: emphasized on the individual and humanity.
•The early modern and the industrial age saw the emergence of new
materials and technology. (Everyday needs).
•The concept of environmental sustainability.
5. ARCHITECTURE. ORIGIN AND HISTORY (I)
The earliest known form of architecture evolved from the
interaction between the basic survival needs and the available
resources. Through the process of trial and error and gradual
technological evolution and progress with the help of improvisation
and replication, architecture took the form of a craft.
The gradual progress from rural living to the urban area saw the
magnificence of architecture, and how it has been developed along
history.
The early civilizations saw the splendid architecture of the
Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Persians, Greek, and Romans,
each with its own distinct style. In Asia, architecture, sometimes,
was developed along religious lines with different characteristics.
The Roman Coliseum and the Egyptian Pyramids are examples of
their cultural symbols.
6. ARCHITECTURE. ORIGIN AND HISTORY (II)
The medieval period saw the emergence of Islamic
architecture which also influenced European styles of that period.
The Renaissance period emphasized on the individual and
humanity instead of religion and buildings were dedicated to the
architects such as Michelangelo, Palladio, Alberti, and Brunelleschi.
The early modern and the industrial age saw the emergence
of new materials and technology and the architects started to get
formal education and training starting from the drawing board.
The industrial revolution at this stage helped the production of
better quality materials for construction purposes.
7. ARCHITECTURE. ORIGIN AND HISTORY (III)
The modern age viewed structural design as a convenient blend
of art, craft, and technology. Emphasis shifted from historical
styles, to a new style that focused on the aspirations of the middle
and working classes.
The modernist architects reduced buildings to pure form with
functionalist details based on everyday needs of people and
creating a livable environment.
The concept of environmental sustainability has now
pervaded architectural thought and most modern architects and New
Zealand have pioneered the integration of green building
sustainable design principles into their architectural projects.
8. TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO ARCHITECTURE IN THE
EARLIEST AGES (I)
Along the history, we can see many examples of technology applied
to architecture in different civilizations , but unfortunately we do
not have a lot of information about them.
An example are Egyptians , The pyramids are chiefly impressive for
their enormous size and the staggering manpower that must have
been employed in their construction. Of these the largest is the Great
Pyramid of Giza which remained the tallest structure in the world
for 3800 years.
9. TECHNOLOGY APPLIERD TO ARCHITECTURE IN THE
EARLIEST AGES (II)
The methods used in the construction of the pyramids have been
the subject of considerable research and discussion.
The Egyptians achieved extraordinary feats of engineering, they
appear to have done so with relatively primitive technology. As far
as is known they did not use wheels or pulleys.
They transported massive stones over great distances using rollers,
ropes, and sledges, with large numbers of slaves hauling the loads.
There are no surviving Egyptian manuals so there has been
considerable speculation on how stones were lifted to great heights
and obelisks erected. Most theories centre around the use of ramps.
10. TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO ARCHITECTURE IN THE
EARLIEST AGES (III)
Some years later we have other examples of development of great
technologies applied to construction.
In the Roman ages, Vitruvius gives details of Roman machines.
The Romans developed sophisticated timber cranes allowing them
to lift considerable weights to great heights.
A list of the longest, highest and deepest Roman structures can be
found at List of ancient architectural records.
Roman building ingenuity extended over bridges, aqueducts, and
covered amphitheatres. Their sewerage and water supply works
were remarkable and some systems are still in operation today.
11. 1. Introduction to architectural technology
2. Ancient construction shapes
2.1. Beams and columns
2.2. Pyramids
2.3 Arches
3. Case Study: Alhambra palace
4. New construction shapes
4.1 Trusses
4.2 Cables
4.3 Shells
5. Case study: Guggenheim Bilbao museum
6. How will buildings look like in the future?
7. Debate
13. BEAM AND COLUMN (I)
In the Neolithic period, the first bridges made by humans
were probably wooden logs or stone slabs placed across a
river stream.
The first buildings were simple shelters meant to suit the
basic needs of protection from the elements, built by their
inhabitants.The most used materials were the mud brick,
wood (timber) and stone (masonry).
The set of beam and pillars is the simplest solution the
Neolithic man imagined.
15. BEAM AND COLUMN (II)
The architecture and urbanism of the Greeks were very
different from those of the Neolithic but the structural
scheme of beam supported by columns is the same.
Building structures used a simple beam and column system
without vaults or arches, which imposed strict limits on the
spans that could be achieved. Although Greek
mathematics was technically advanced the Ancient Greeks
never developed strong mortars or used arches and domes
to their limit which were an important feature of more
practical Roman construction.
16. Age of the pyramids
A pyramid is like a mountain, and it is the simplest
and most stable shape.
17. PYRAMIDS
Both Egyptian and Incan architectures are mostly noted for
their pyramids which are the largest in the world and try to
imitate the natural shape of the mountains. Due to the
stable shape and the sophisticated skills of the stone cutters
the masonry needs no mortar.
The pyramids are impressive for their enormous size and
the manpower that must have been employed in their
construction.
Of these the largest is the Great Pyramid of Giza which
remained the tallest structure in the world for 3800 years.
18. The Age of the Cathedrals
The Romanic cathedral
-Reduced space, little light and small windows
-Buttress leans outward, arch deforms and
foundation deforms.
20. ARCHES
Romanesque buildings were entirely roofed in timber or
had stone barrel vaults covered by timber roofs: spans
were narrow and walls did not allow ample windows. The
Gothic style of architecture with its vaults, flying
buttresses and pointed gothic arches developed in the
twelfth century to provide wider spans and galleries to the
urban churches: the cathedrals.
The resulting thin stone vaults and towering buildings
were raised entirely using rules derived by trial and error
and failures were frequent.
21. 1. Introduction to architectural technology
2. Ancient construction shapes
2.1. Beams and columns
2.2. Pyramids
2.3 Arches
3. Case Study: Alhambra palace
4. New construction shapes
4.1 Trusses
4.2 Cables
4.3 Shells
5. Case study: Guggenheim Bilbao museum
6. How will buildings look like in the future?
7. Debate
25. EXAMPLE: ALHAMBRA (IV)
Literally "the red one”, is a palace and fortress complex constructed
during the mid 14th century by the Moorish rulers of the Emirate
of Granada in Al- Andalus, occupying the top of the hill of the
Assabica on the southeastern border of the city of Granada in
Andalusia.
In this building we can see a great example of technology applied
to architecture in our country. Its water supply- system was built,
to create the necessary water supplies needed for the Alhambra's
survival.
27. EXAMPLE: ALHAMBRA (VI)
In 1238 AD, a six-kilometer water channel was constructed the
acequia real: the royal canal.
•Water was taken at the point of the Toma de la Acequia: the
capture point of the canal.
•Water traversed countryside till it reached an old waterwheel,
which created the dynamic-power to convey the water, across the
aqueduct, at Cortijo Jesus del Valle, in the Darro valley
•From there, water travelled on the flats of the Llano del Perdiz,
parallel to the Darro River
28. EXAMPLE: ALHAMBRA (VII)
•Later, the acequia real was spread out, in order to supply water to
the Generalife and the high fields of the Generalife
•The water path purposely forked, in order for water to descend
through the emblematic Escalera de Agua: Water Staircase
further down, it reunited, with the Generalife's lower flow
•The water paths continued and descended...
•Water was entered into the Alhambra, crossing over to the
Torre de Agua aqueduct (above the Camino de los Chinos).
•From this point on - the Alhambra, its vast cisterns and the
original Alcazaba were supplied with the precious liquid.
Moorish Hydrology Technology had been successful
29. EXAMPLE: ALHAMBRA (VIII)
A vast albercon: large pool was constructed on the highest slope
The water then was entered inside the hill by means of a
horizontally-pierced underground passage
Three wells were positioned above the underground water-path,
each well, at different heights Finally, the underground passage
reached the level of the vast albercon At that point, the water
was lifted, by means of another waterwheel and deposited inside
the albercon.
•Lately an cistern or tank was built, capturing rain water to
supply water to the Dar al-arusa and Alixares palaces which
were built on higher levels
30. EXAMPLE: ALHAMBRA (IX)
The Sophisticated Interior Alhambra Granada Spain Water
Technology.
•Interior Water conduits varied
•Some were narrow - accelerating the flow
•Curved conduits led into containing hollows - slowing the water
passage Burbling and spilling from the low marble basins.
•The Alhambra water systems were designed to cool in summer and
warm in the winter.
The reflection pools: Patio de los Arrayanes and the Partal pool -
were mirrors for the exterior architecture.
31. 1. Introduction to architectural technology
2. Ancient construction shapes
2.1. Beams and columns
2.2. Pyramids
2.3 Arches
3. Case Study: Alhambra palace
4. New construction shapes
4.1 Trusses
4.2 Cables
4.3 Shells
5. Case study: Guggenheim Bilbao museum
6. How will buildings look like in the future?
7. Debate
32. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: STEEL ARCHES (I)
Eiffel Tower, Champs du
Mars, Paris. 1889. Grew
from Eiffel’s bridge-building
expertise. Was world’s tallest
structure for 40 years. 300 m
tower built of puddled iron.
The “arch” shape at the
bottom is purely decorative.
33. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: STEEL ARCHES (II)
Ironwork arches in the Musée d’Orsey, Paris, which is now the most
beautiful museum in Paris having being converted from a disused
railway station.
34. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: STEEL ARCHES (III)
The industrial revolution was manifested in new construction
devices (steam engines, machine tools and explosives) and a
new material arose: steel was mass-produced since the 19th
century, it was used, in form of I-beams and reinforced
concrete. Glass panels also went into mass production.
Plumbing appeared, and gave common access to drinking water
and waste water collection at houses.
Rationality and the universal laws of physics behind the
building problem lead to the emancipation of history
35. CABLE-SUSPENDED BRIDGE
Brooklyn Bridge over the East River, New York. 487 m span.
Designed by John Roebling, completed by his son (Washington
Roebling) in 1883: First bridge to use steel wire suspension cables.
36. CABLE-SUSPENDED ROOF
The Dome is the original name of a large dome-shaped building,
originally used to house the Millennium Experience, a major exhibition
celebrating the beginning of the third millennium in London.
37. CABLES
The funicular concept can be best described and visualized
with cables or chains suspended from two points that adjust
their form for any load. Suspended structures are used for long-
span roofs.
Cables effectively resist gravity load in tension, but are
unstable under uneven loads. For example, under its own
weight or under uniform loads a cable assumes the funicular
shape of a perfect parabolic catenary. However, under wind
uplift suspended cables tend to flutter and become unstable.
38. TRUSSES
Trusses are common
elements in many types of
buildings. Why?
Typical beam and colum scheme
shows three problems for long
spans:
1- Cracks may appear
2- Bending deformation could be
uncomfortable.
3- Horizontal instability.
39. John Hancock Center, Chicago.
The braced tube structure employed
for the John Hancock Center uses
the least amount of steel compared
with the framed tubes.
Hearst Headquarters, New
York
The use of perimeter
diagonals for structural
effectiveness and
aesthetics has generated
interest from architectural
and structural designers of
tall buildings in diagrid
structures.
40. TRUSSES
Trusses support load much like beams, but for longer
spans. As the depth and thus dead weight of beams
increases with span they become increasingly inefficient,
requiring most capacity to support their own weight rather
than imposed live load. Also trusses serve to replace
walls by triangulation to reduce dead weight.
Only triangles are intrinsically stable polygons.
Since the 1960s, the new structural system of framed tubes
appeared in the construction of Hanckock Centre, Sears
Tower, World Trade Center, Petronas Towers and other
supertall skyscrapers. They are often known as the “2nd
Chicago School".
43. SHELLS
With reference to modern shell it is key to remember the legacy
of Saarinen and Candela. Shells can be compared to an igloo.
The most famous work of Saarinen is the TWA Flight Center,
which represents the culmination of his previous designs and
demonstrates his structural expressionism and the technical
marvel in concrete shells.
Candela worked very hard during his life time to prove the real
nature and potential that reinforced concrete had in structural
engineering.
Reinforced concrete is extremely efficient in a dome or shell-
like shape. This shape eliminates the tensile forces that the
concrete without the help of reinforcement cannot bear.
45. INDUSTRIAL SHELLS
Above ground LNG tanks are large double-containment
pressure vessels to store Liquefied Natural Gas at -170ºC.
The role of these tanks is to act as a buffer guaranteeing a
stable supply of gas during seasonal peaks of demand.
The range of potential locations for future LNG projects is
very disparate with a range of seismic and soil conditions
with net storage volumes up to 300,000 m3.
46. 1. Introduction to architectural technology
2. Ancient construction shapes
2.1. Beams and columns
2.2. Pyramids
2.3 Arches
3. Case Study: Alhambra palace
4. New construction shapes
4.1 Trusses
4.2 Cables
4.3 Shells
5. Case study: Guggenheim Bilbao museum
6. How will buildings look like in the future?
7. Debate
51. EXAMPLE: GUGGENHEIM (V)
Plans for a new museum in Bilbao date to the late 1980s, when
the Basque Administration began formulating a major
redevelopment of the region.
It was not until 1991, however, that Basque authorities
proposed the idea for a Guggenheim Museum Bilbao to the
Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation.
In moving forward with the museum a site was selected and
three architects, Arata Isozaki from Japan, Coop Himmelb(l)au
from Austria, and Frank O. Gehry from the United States, were
invited to participate in a competition to produce a conceptual
design. These were no requirements in terms of drawings or
models to be produced; rather, the architects were only
asked to present what they thought would convey their
concept for the new museum.
52. EXAMPLE: GUGGENHEIM (VI)
Almost from the moment it opened in 1997, Gehry's
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, with its distinctive titanium
curves and soaring glass atrium, was hailed as one of the
most important buildings of the 20th century.
Gehry's use of cutting-edge computer-aided design technology
enabled him to translate poetic forms into reality. The resulting
architecture is sculptural and expressionistic, with spaces
unlike any others for the presentation of art.
The museum is seamlessly integrated into the urban context,
unfolding its interconnecting shapes of stone, glass, and titanium
on a 32,500-square-meter site along the Nervión River in the old
industrial heart of the city.
53. EXAMPLE: GUGGENHEIM (VII)
Eleven thousand square meters of exhibition space are
distributed over nineteen galleries. Ten of these galleries have a
classic orthogonal plan and can be identified from the exterior
by their stone finishes. Nine other irregularly shaped galleries
present a remarkable contrast and can be identified from the
outside by their swirling forms and titanium cladding. The
largest gallery, measuring 30 meters wide and 130 meters long,
was used for temporary exhibitions for several years. In 2005, it
became the site of the largest sculpture commission in history,
Richard Serra's monumental installation The Matter of Time.
The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is a pinnacle in Gehry's
outstanding architectural career as well as in the field of
museum design. It remains unsurpassed in its integration of art
and architecture.
54. 1. Introduction to architectural technology
2. Ancient construction shapes
2.1. Beams and columns
2.2. Pyramids
2.3 Arches
3. Case Study: Alhambra palace
4. New construction shapes
4.1 Trusses
4.2 Cables
4.3 Shells
5. Case study: Guggenheim Bilbao museum
6. How will buildings look like in the future?
7. Debate
56. TECHNOLOGY IN FUTURE EDIFICATIONS (II)
Today with lot of environmental developments happening world
over like global warming, energy crisis, lifestyle changes, it’s
become even more difficult to design houses meeting all these
requirements.
More and more architectural designs are using digital
technologies with respect to modeling, simulation,
evaluation and fabrication resulting in complex shaped
buildings which incorporates the above challenges.
57. TECHNOLOGY IN FUTURE EDIFICATIONS (III)
One such project is coming up in Tel Aviv whose primary
resources are sun, wind, and land making an optimum
utilization of all.
SeaO2 is an experimental ecological housing project. The
project poses an alternative to current plans for Tel Aviv North
West coastal district. SeaO2 demonstrates vast use of cutting
edge computer software, some being used in the aerospace
industry. The project final form is a consequence of a scientific
approach that calculates numerous of elements: the sun orbit,
wind conditions and more, all in a free-form organic manner .
58. TECHNOLOGY IN FUTURE EDIFICATIONS (III)
Advanced Computer Simulations ensure the project’s
credibility. The project’s unique morphology enables:
•Optimized solar reception for heating at winter time.
•Self-shadowing and solar reception for electricity generation at
summer time.
• Natural lighting.
•Optimized natural ventilation
•Public green spaces.
•Rain collection and more.
Various passive mechanical systems complement the basic
morphology, enable better performance and create an energy
efficient, environmentally friendly housing project.
60. 1. Introduction to architectural technology
2. Ancient construction shapes
2.1. Beams and columns
2.2. Pyramids
2.3 Arches
3. Case Study: Alhambra palace
4. New construction shapes
4.1 Trusses
4.2 Cables
4.3 Shells
5. Case study: Guggenheim Bilbao museum
6. How will buildings look like in the future?
7. Debate