About low cost

1. Daoud A.Hirad
11/10/2022

2. Building materials account for ~60 to 70% of the
cost of housing construction
A constant rise in cost of conventional building
materials
 Construction cost is way beyond the affordable
limits of the majority

3. Leading modern (conventional building ): cement,
concrete, steel,
bricks and wood
Affordability????
Alternative (low cost) materials and technologies
are sought for
 Low cost materials??

5.  Not sub-standard
 Materials available / developed locally
 Cost reducing modern materials with technologies
Energy efficient
Environment friendly
Employment generating

6. Traditional
Conventional / Modern

7. Serve the basic need of the majority of the population
 Have very useful properties – however, modification in
the production process and application technique is
needed – for better structural and functional acceptance.

8.  Obtained by using modern technologies
 Results of research but have to be adopted to
indigenous requirements

9. STRAW PANEL

10.  Cost of a Building = Material + Labor + Equipment/Machine/Tools +
Others (Overhead + profit)
 a systematic design and construction in usage of construction
materials used in a building without compromising quality,structural safety and
functional requirements of the building.
Building material cost:60-70%
Labour cost:25-35%

11.  Indigenous building materials have been used
extensively for building houses at affordable cost.
They are easily available locally at little or no cost
and local people are conversant with the
technology of using them for construction of houses
largely through self-help

12. Organic Materials Include widely used materials
such as grasses and leaves, husks, and straws,
reeds and bamboos, and wood and wood products
which are vulnerable to early decay and insect
attack.

13.  Inorganic materials include commonly used
materials like soils and laterite, burnt clay bricks
and tiles, building lime and clay pozzolana, stones,
and sands.
 As a result of research work done improved use of
these materials for construction of low-cost houses
has been made for achieving economy.

14. Includes buildings (or elements) where the
majority of the structural components are
standardized and produced in plants in a location
away from the building.
Manufactured by industrial methods based on
massproduction – shorter time – low cost

15. Direct
 Indirect

16.  Optimization of land use
 Functional design of buildings
 Optimum use of building materials
 Rationalization of specifications
 New construction materials and techniques

17.  location and access to services and facilities

20.  Aesthetics and luxury should be less.
 Simple rectangular plan
 Minimize staircase and circulation area
 Optimum storey height- building height
 Optimum opening areas- windows, doors ,skylights etc.

21.  Standard material dimensions and equipment
modules limit waste and labor, reducing costs by at
least 10 percent

22. minimum on-site modification and materials
wastage

24. Access to employment areas, services and facilities
within convenient walking distance of housing.

25. household expenditure on
electricity
 gas
 water
 Energy efficient housing designs can reduce
consumption of these utility services and thereby
household costs.

26. Modular construction is a process in which a
building is constructed off-site, under
controlled plant conditions, using the same
materials and designing to the same codes
and standards as conventionally built facilities

27. The factory-controlled process generates less
waste, creates fewer site disturbances and allows
for tighter construction
Improved Air Quality: Because the modular
structure is substantially completed in a factory-
controlled setting using dry materials

29.  The indoor construction environment reduces the
risks of accidents and related liabilities for
workers.

30.  VS

31. • load bearing structure cheaper for normal low rise
building as it requires lesser concrete and steel
rods
• thick wall provides thermal insulation
• easier and requires less time to construction

32. Low cost materials should be:
1. Locally available
2. Environmentally friendly
3. It should be non-toxic
4. Longer durability and longevity
5. Recyclable and re-usable
6. Biodegradability.

33. Stone
Plastic
Log
Bamboo
Metal
Thatch
Rammed earth

34. Natural Man made
 Logs plastics
 Bamboo
 Compressed Earth Block
 Straw and thatch
 Stone