1. Alpha university
assignment group
Osman Ahmed Mohamed ID--1012
Ayuub Ahmed Bulale ID--1002
Abokor Jama Abdi ID— 1007
Course name Advanced writing skill
Lecture planning
Assignment name planning
submission
Lecturer: Abdisalan Mohamed
Submission date 22/may/2023
2. Definition of Planning
Planning is the process of setting goals and choosing the means to
achieve those goals.
It is the process of determining how the organization can get where if
wants go.
It could be defined as the process through which managers determine
goals and devise the means for utilizing resources to accomplish them.
3. Types of Plan
Plans can be classified on different bases or dimensions. The
following are the most important ones:
Scope
Repetitiveness
Time dimension
4. Conti….
Scope planning
Is the way or method creates and manages a project needed to be fixed.
It means the process of ensuring that the project is delivered on time.
Repetitiveness planning
This type postulates how many times we used this plan no matter whether
its implemented or not, because plans are designed short or long termly
ways.
Time dimension planning
This type of planning tells the time periods that are used this model or the
sides and why used it.
5. Classification of plans based on Scope or breadth
Strategies planning
Tactical planning, and
Operational planning
6. Strategies Planning
Strategies planning is the process through which manages
determine the organizations basic mission and the set of
means for archiving this mission.
Strategic planning is the process of analyzing, and deciding
on: the organization’s mission, objective, major course of
action(strategies), and major resource allocation. Strategic
planning is prepared by top level.
7. Tactical Planning
Tactical planning is the processes through which managers
design group activities to accomplish a strategy. It is a
means of translating strategies in to short-term tactics.
Tactical plans: Facilitate objectives, because they are
prepared as a performance targets.
Translate the strategic plans into measurable tactical
objectives.
Prepared by middle level managers who are responsible in
directing departments.
8. Operational Planning
Operational planning is the process through which managers design specific
activities and steps to accomplish objectives. It is most specific and detailed. It
is made at the operational level and concerned with the day-to-day, week-to-
week activities of the organization.
First-level-managers are responsible for accomplishing(preparing) the
operational planning. Operational planning is narrow in scope and short lived,
usually a few months. Examples are production schedules, sales plan, lesson
plans.
9. Nature of Planning
Planning is primary function of management
Planning focuses on objectives
Planning is a function of all managers
Planning as a continuous process
Planning is dynamic (flexible
11. Single use Plans
Single use plans are developed to deal with “one short”
situation for a given purpose or a given period of time and
then discarded.
The most common forms of single use plans found in
organization are: budget, project and program.
12. Budget
A budget is statement of expected results expressed in
numerical terms. Budget is usually defined as financial
plans for allocating resources to complete organizational
activity.
13. Project
Projects are single use plans that are either smaller in scale
than programs or part of a program. Though project is usually
considered merely as a part of a general program, project in
its self can be planned to fulfill distinct objectives.
14. Program
A program is plan that outlines a variety of interdependent
activities that must be coordinated to achieve an objective. A
program contains all the activities necessary for achieving the
objective, they clarity who is responsible for each activity, and
they identity the order and timing for each activity.
15. Standing Plans
Standing plans are those plans that can be cased again
and again. They are long-range plans they are used over
and over again (frequently) to help guide the actions of the
organization.
They enable top management to provide a clear guideline
for middle and lower level management. Standing plans
include: mission, goal or objective, policy, procedures,
method, rule.
16. In planning process managers
Establish goals
Anticipate future development
Identify actions need to be done
Determine the time frame
17. Importance/Significance of Planning
Planning provides Direction
Planning Reduces the risk of uncertainties
Planning reduces over lapping and wasteful activities
Planning Promotes innovative ideas
Planning Facilitates Decision Making
Focuses attention on objectives of the company
18. Characteristics of a good plan
Objectivity.
Future development
Flexibility
Stability
Comprehensiveness
Clarity and simplify
