This document discusses eco-friendly building materials and construction techniques used in India. It introduces various eco-friendly materials like fly ash bricks, compressed earth blocks, and ferrocement panels. It outlines properties and sources of these materials and selection criteria for eco-friendly materials. Examples of specific eco-friendly materials are described in detail like their uses and features. A comparative study is conducted between conventional and eco-friendly structural systems using a sustainable decision support system, finding the eco-friendly system to score higher in sustainability. The conclusion is that eco-friendly materials can help attain sustainability and reduce environmental harm compared to conventional materials.

1. A STEP TOWARDS
FUTUREPRESENTED BY – SHIVANGI
BARN1AR14062

2. INTRODUCTION
 Eco-Friendly is the act of living with intent. The intent is
focused on not creating harm to environment through
interactions.
 What is mean by Eco – Friendly technology ?
Eco-friendly technologies involved making use of
alternative energy source which is abundant to generate
renewable energy, reducing the amount of resource which
is limited used through the conventional like fossil fuel.
 There are various technologies and materials developed
by various research organizations, innovators and
manufacturers in India that are beneficial in the housing
construction.

3. Eco –Friendly Building Materials
& Construction Techniques.
 The eco-friendly building materials represents a
response from the building sector intended to reduce
the environmental cost of making and using buildings.
 In the construction industry, selection of sustainable
structural materials during the design phase leads to
move towards more sustainable construction.
Therefore, there is a need to select more eco-friendly
building materials to be used in construction.

4. AIM OF STUDY :
 To study about the eco-friendly
building materials and
construction techniques used
presently in India.

5. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY :
 To study the minimal impact on the
local infrastructure.
 To analyze new methods of work
and manufacture that are less
harmful to environment.
 To study great longevity and cost
effective construction.
 Comparative study between
conventional and eco-friendly
building materials using
sustainability measures.

6. METHODOLOGY :
 The distribution of urban growth in world has large
implications for resource demand, environmental
degradation, technological development and global trade
in building materials.
 In terms of reducing global environmental impact from
building materials production and use, one of the most
important factor to transfer low pollution and energy
efficient production technology and resource management
programs to developing countries like India.
 The eco-friendly building material are those that provide
appropriate service and life span with minimum
maintenance, while minimizing the extraction of raw
materials, the pollution from, and energy consumed by
manufacturing and use, and that have the maximum
potential for reuse or resource recovery.

7. PROPERTIES :

8. SOURCES OF MATERIALS :
 There are two sources through
which we can manufacture materials
–
(a) Renewable Source : The rapid
renewable resources such as
woods, teak, timbre etc.
(b) Reuse of waste : By recycling/
reusing the salvage products like
door, windows etc or agricultural /
industrial waste like baggase board
etc.

9. Material / Product selection criteria:
 Resource Efficiency: natural/renewable, resource efficient
manufacturing process, locally available, refurbished/
remanufactured, reusable/recyclable and durability.
 Indoor Air Quality: IAQ is enhanced by utilizing materials of low or
non-toxic, minimal chemical emission, moisture resistant and
healthfully maintained.
 Energy Efficiency: Those materials are preferred that require the
minimal amount of energy at the time of construction of the concrete.
 Water Conservation: Materials that help us and conserve water in
landscaped areas are preferred to be used or even help reduce
water consumption in building materials.
 Affordability: Affordability can be considered when building product
life-cycle costs are comparable to conventional materials or as a
whole, are within a project-defined percentage of the overall budget.

10. List of Some Eco-friendly Indian Building Materials
 Bricks / Blocks Stabilized
compressed earth blocks
Fly ash Lime Gypsum
bricks
Clay Fly ash burnt bricks
Marble slurry bricks
 Boards & Panels
Coir Cement board
Ferro cement wall panel
Precast concrete L-panels
Fiber Reinforced wall
panels
 Roofing sheets Pre-cast
walling roofing
Bamboo mat corrugated
sheets
Ferro cement roofing
 Others Rat trap bond
Pre-cast concrete door/
Fly ash/Red mud door &
panel product
Glass Reinforce Plastic
door frames
Fly ash Cellular concrete

11. 1. Fly-ash Sand Lime Gypsum Bricks
 Use : For walls in housing and all types of
building construction, boundary walls.
 Salient Features :
• excellent strength
• quick drying of bricks
• low water absorption and shrinkage
• reduction in mortar consumption
• utilization of industrial wastes and volcanic
ash.
 Size of Product : 230 x 115 x 75 mm

12. 2. Compressed Earth Brick Block
 Use : To construct building that are
aesthetic, efficient and easy to
build.
 Salient Features :
• energy efficient
• excellent surface finish
• cost effective technology
• plastering is not required
• good thermal insulation
 Size of Product : 230 x 109 x 76
mm

13. 3. Clay fly-ash Burnt Bricks :
 Use :For walling in the same
manner as conventional burnt clay
bricks.
 Salient Features :
• energy efficient
• reduction in shrinkage and
efflorescence
• reduction in weight
• less emissions from kilns
• good thermal insulation
 Size of Product : 230 x 115 x 75
mm

14. 4. Marble Slurry Bricks
 Use :For walling as alternative to
conventional clay bricks.
 Salient Features :
• energy efficient
• high volume utilization of waste
• stronger than clay bricks
• fire resistance technology
• high load bearing capacity
 Size of Product : 230 x 115 x 75
mm

15. 5. Ferro cement wall panels :
 Use : For walling particularly suitable
where speedy construction is required.
 Salient Features :
• energy efficient
• cost effective technology
• regularity in shape and size
• components can be retrieved for
construction on other sites.
 Size of Product :
1200x 900 mm, 1200 x 1200 mm
flange depth - 150 mm
thickness - 25 mm

16. 6. Rat trap Bond :
 Use : For walling as alternative
to conventional English/ Flemish
bond.
 Salient Features :
• reduction in brick consumption
by 25%
• reduction in mortar consumption
• good thermal consumption
• equal strength and same stability
• Upto 3 storey buildings can be
constructed with this bond.

17. 7.Concrete Roofing Tile :
 Use : cladding for sloping roofs of
different types of buildings.
 Salient Features :
• highly cost effective
• production under control condition
• more durable and strong in different
climate
• no noise during rain
• can be colored to specification
 Size of Product : 240 x 488 x 8 mm

18. 8.Ferro cement Roofing Channels :
 Use : For roof and intermediate floor
construction as substitute to rcc
slabs
 Salient Features :
• speedy installation
• lower dead load on walls
• high strength to weight ratio
• elegant profile and unique size
• light, slender element and shell
structure

19. 9.Bamboo Mat Boards :
 Use : For partition, false ceiling,
door/window shutters, table tops,
cladding, partitions etc.
 Salient Features :
• energy efficient technology
• highly resistance to water,
termites, borer, insects etc
• more durable and withstand
severe climatic conditions
• stronger than plywood
 Size of Product : 2440 x 1220mm
x 3-25 mm

20. 10. Bamboo Roofing Sheets :
 Use : For roofing as alternative to
Galvanized Iron/ Asbestos Corrugated
Sheets.
 Salient Features :
 environment friendly roofing
 good thermal insulation
 water proof and termite proof
 fire resistant
 aesthetically good
 Size of Product : 2440 x 1050mm x
3.8mm
1830 x 1050 x 3.8 mm

21. Comparative study:
 The main objective is to compare between
conventional and eco-friendly structural materials -
used in the case study - based on sustainability
criteria in order to select better sustainable materials
in the construction industry.
 The study covers the sustainability of the building
materials used to build the two structural systems
understudy.
 A Sustainable decision support system (SDSS) was
used to compare between the structural building
materials.
 Three phases of materials life cycle are considered
for sustainability evaluation: manufacturing,

22.  A 22 m2 prototype of two storeys was constructed
using eco- friendly building materials and
conventional materials.

23.  The Sustainable decision support system(SDSS)
was used to compare between the sustainability of
Eco-friendly structural system and the conventional
structural system in order to determine which one is
more sustainable.

24. The properties of the material which is used to manufacture
the prototype in different phases of building.

25.  The results of SDSS showed that the Eco-friendly system was better
than the conventional system during the three phases of total life
cycle assessment. It can be seen that the Eco-friendly system had
sustainability ranks 64.7%, 64.4% and 84.6% while conventional
system ranks 54%, 63.9% and 75.7% for the three
phases(manufacturing, construction and demolition).

26.  The Ecofriendly system had higher sustainable scores than the
conventional system for all sustainable factors. The bigger difference
in the sustainable scores between the two systems is about 42% in
the recyclability factor.
For the factors of life cycle cost, resources/waste and practicability;
the differences were about 10% to 12%. For other factors the
differences were only about 0% to 4%.

27.  The Eco-friendly system had better sustainability
rank (67%) than the conventional system (56%)
according to SDSS results.

28. Conclusion:
 The study shows that with the use of eco-friendly
building material rather than convectional building
material and techniques sustainability can be
attained which is less harmful for the surrounding
environment.
 A large variety of green building material are
available within the subcontinent of India which can
be replaced from convectional building material at
different stages of construction of building.

29. References:
 [1] P. Walker. 2010. Low Carbon Buildings and Traditional Materials.
Proceedings of International Conference on Sustainable Built
Environment
(ICSBE-2010) Kandy.
 [2] G. Susman and M. Dowson. 2012. Innovative Use of PCM and
Aerogel in Low Energy Buildings. Proceedings of Green build 2012
International Conference and Expo, November 14-16, San
Francisco, CA.
 [3] CBRI, Rookie, www.cbri.org
 [4] www.bmtpc.org
 [5] www.ecolinkindia.com
 [6] Environment Friendly Materials & Technologies Brochure,
BMTPC, New Delhi
 [7] SHEE, Environment Friendly Indian Building Material Technology
for Cost Effective Housing
 [8] ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Science
 [9] Bakhoum E. and Brown D. 2012. A Developed Sustainable
Scoring System for Structural Materials Evaluation. Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management .