Acids taste sour and change the color of indicators. They produce hydrogen ions (H+) in water and can be strong or weak electrolytes. Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, and change indicator colors by producing hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. They can also be strong or weak electrolytes. According to the Arrhenius definition, acids dissociate to produce H+ ions and bases dissociate to produce OH- ions in water. When acids and bases are mixed, they neutralize through a reaction that produces water and an aqueous salt.

1. 19.1
Lecture 19.1a-
Properties of Acids and Bases
Acids taste sour, will change the color of
an acid-base indicator, and can be
strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous
solution.

2. 19.1
Citrus fruits contain citric acid.
Tea contains tannic acid.

3. 19.1
Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, will
change the color of an acid-base
indicator, and can be strong or weak
electrolytes in aqueous solution.

4. Antacids use bases to neutralize
excess stomach acid.
The base calcium hydroxide is a
component of mortar.

5. The Arrhenius definition of
ACIDS AND BASES
Acids dissociate to produce H+
HCl  H+ + Cl-
Bases dissociate to produce OH-
NaOH  Na+ + OH-

6. HCl  H+ + Cl-
Or
HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl-
H+ and H3O+ mean the same thing

7. H + is a proton
Acids form H+ which attaches to
water forming the hydronium ion
H+ + H2O  H3O+ hydronium ion
H+ and H3O+ mean the same thing

8. An acidic hydrogen can dissociate
from the acid as H+.
Acidic hydrogens are written first
in the chemical formula.
HNO3 = monoprotic acid
H2SO4 = diprotic acid
H3PO4 = triprotic acid
HC2H3O2 = monoprotic
protic aka proton

9. 19.1
Stomach acid
Battery acid
In soda pop
Acetic acid Vinegar
Makes bubbles
in carbonated
beverages

10. 19.1
Arrhenius Bases
Hydroxide ions are one of the products of the
dissolution of an alkali metal in water.

11. 19.1

12. Milk of magnesia is a base used
as an antacid.

13. When acids and bases are mixed they
react to form water in a
Neutralization reaction
NaOH + HCl  H2O + NaCl(aq)
An acid/base reaction always
forms water and an aqueous salt
The net ionic equation for an
acid/base reaction is
H+ + OH-  H2O

14. PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND BASES
ACIDS BASES
Produce H+ Produce OH-
pH below 7 pH above 7
Sour taste Bitter taste
H+ + some metals = H2(g) Slippery feel
Litmus paper red Litmus paper blue
React with base to React with acid to
form water and salt form water & salt
BOTH ACIDS AND BASES ARE ELECTROLYTES