Layering is a plant propagation technique where a stem or root of a plant forms roots while still attached to the parent plant. When root formation is complete, the layered portion is then removed from the parent plant. There are several types of layering including simple, trench, serpentine, stool/mound, tip, and air layering. Air layering is a technique where a portion of the stem is girdled and wrapped in moist sphagnum moss to induce root formation, without burying the stem in soil. It has the advantages of being relatively simple and usually very successful, but requires more time and effort than other layering methods.

1. Layering
Prepared by
Devendra shahu
Class roll no. 17
B.Sc.Ag 8th sem.

2. Introduction
• Roots are formed on a stem
• root while still attached to the
parent plant

3. Contd.
• the stem or root which is rooted
is called a layer
• the layer is removed from the
plant only after rooting has
taken place

4. Contd.
• Layering is the process of
developing new plantlets
in which root formation
takes place on layered
portion of stem before they
are severed from mother
plant.

5. Principles of Layering
• Through notching or girdling,The
downward tranlocation of carbohydrates,
hormones and other organic substances is
interrupted by the removal of the bark .
• This carbohydrates, hormones and other
organic substances are accumulated in the
girdled site where dormant adventitious
buds regenerates and give rise to root.

6. Simple Layering
• a branch from the parent plant
is bent to the ground
• covered with soil at one point
• terminal end remains exposed

7. Simple Layering
Eg. Climbing rose, Rhododendron

8. Trench Layering
• parent plant is bent to the
ground and covered.
• Shoots arise from buried buds
and roots form under soil

9. Trench Layering
• Examples: Willows, viburnum,
and dogwood

10. Serpentine Layering
• Similar to trench layering but
the branch is alternatively
covered with soil.
• and exposed over their entire
length.

11. Serpentine Layering
Eg. grapes, wisteria

12. Stool or Mound Layering
• parent plant is cut back to the
soil level
• entire plant is mounded with
soil
• forms numerous shoots and
roots

13. Stool or Mound Layering
• Examples: apple rootstocks, quince,
magnolia, etc.

14. Tip Layering
• the tip of the stem or branches
are bent down
• burried in the soil to the depth
of 5-7.5cm.

15. Tip Layering
• Examples: blackberries,
raspberries,etc.

16. Air Layering
• Ancient Chinese practiced air
layering
• process eliminates burying
part of the plant in the soil

17. Air Layering
• instead, a part of the stem is
girdled
• cut all the way around
• the cut is surrounded by moist
sphagnum or peat moss

18. Air Layering
• Moss is wrapped with plastic to
hold in place
• roots grow from the wound on
the stem

19. Air Layering
• Plants that propagate well this
way:
• Rubber Tree
• Persian Lime
• Magnolia

20. Air Layering
• When rooting is complete
• 4-6 weeks
• cut layer BELOW roots and
transplant
• Parent portion will continue to
grow and form new branches

21. Equipment Used
Pruning Knife
Secateur

22. Technique of Air Layering
1.Selecting a branch:
Select a healthy, nonflowering branch
Pencil size
5 years old and
Above branch

23. Technique of Air Layering
2. Make two incisions in the bark, one inch
apart, around the diameter Of the branch
and connect
with another
incision

24. Technique of Air Layering
3. Remove the bark between the
incisions using the connecting
incision
as a
Starting
point

25. Technique of Air Layering
4. Applying Rooting hormone

26. Technique of Air Layering
• Place damp, not wet, sphagnum moss around the wound

27. Technique of Air Layering
• Compress and shape sphagnum moss to
cover the wound - about one to two inches
on either side of the wound.

28. Technique of Air Layering
• Cover with plastic.

29. Advantages and
Disadvantages
• relatively simple
• requires more time
• requires a lot of work by hand
• fewer plants can be started
from each parent plant

30. Advantages and
Disadvantages
• usually very successful
• some plants layer naturally -
raspberry

31. Thank you