The document discusses fiber lasers, optical fibers, and their advantages and disadvantages. Fiber lasers use rare-earth doped optical fibers as the gain medium and fiber Bragg gratings instead of mirrors. They have advantages like high power, stability, reliability, and compact size. Disadvantages include nonlinear effects at high power. Optical fibers transmit light through total internal reflection in their glass cores and are used for telecommunications due to advantages like huge bandwidth, small size, low cost, and security.

1. Laser & Optical Fibers Prepared by : Deepti Jain

3. Fiber Laser A fiber laser or fibre laser is a laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth elements such as erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, and thulium. They are related to doped fiber amplifiers, which provide light amplification without lasing. Fiber nonlinearities, such as stimulated Raman scattering or four-wave mixing can also provide gain and thus serve as gain media for a fiber laser.

10. Optical Fiber

15. Size and Weight Optical fiber cables are much lighter and thinner than copper cables with the same bandwidth. This means that much less space is required in underground cabling ducts. Also they are easier for installation engineers to handle .