A brief presentation about optical fiber technology. Presented by Abdessalam BENHARIRA and Laurent PANEK.
Summary
1. What is optical fiber ?
2. How it works ?
3. Different types
4. Uses
5. Advantages and disadvantages
6. Conclusion
A brief presentation about optical fiber technology. Presented by Abdessalam BENHARIRA and Laurent PANEK.
Summary
1. What is optical fiber ?
2. How it works ?
3. Different types
4. Uses
5. Advantages and disadvantages
6. Conclusion
Optical Fiber Basic Concept Which May Help You To Understand More Easily. The Slide Is Specially For Engineering Background. Anyone can get easily understand by studying this material. Thank you.
Optical Fiber Basic Concept Which May Help You To Understand More Easily. The Slide Is Specially For Engineering Background. Anyone can get easily understand by studying this material. Thank you.
So how is light guided and travels inside the fiber? This video shows a beam of light that travels inside a water stream by total internal reflection. Optical fibers work the same way. So let's take a look.
A glass fiber has a cylindrical structure and is composed of three layers. At the center is the core, core has higher refractive index. Outside of core is the cladding layer. Cladding layer has lower refractive index than the core.
The third layer is a plastic buffer coating. This buffer coating doesn't affect the fiber's optical performance, it is there for mechanical protection only.
The right picture shows how light is coupled into the fiber's core and bounced back and forth in the core and travels along the fiber.
The core and cladding layers are all based on fused silica which is a type of glass. But this fused silica is extremely clear, with almost no impurities. This transparency is extremely important, so that the light can travel for a very long distance, such as hundreds of kilometers with minimum loss. This makes trans-Pacific and trans-continent fiber optic communications possible.
Here comes the question. Why doesn't the light leak out of the fiber? That is why we have to explain the phenomenon of total internal reflection.
The left picture shows Snell's the law which guides how light travels at the interface of the core and cladding.
The core has a higher refractive index n = 1.5. The cladding has a lower refractive index n = 1.4. When light incidents at the interface between the core and cladding at different angles, some power is reflected back, and some power enters into the cladding which is refracted. But when we increase the incident angle to greater than a critical angle theta c, no more light enters into the cladding, all light is reflected back into the core. This phenomenon is called Total Internal Reflection. Here total means 100% of the power is reflected back into the core.
The manufacturing of glass fibers go through two steps. In the first step a preform is made. This preform has exactly the same proportion of core and cladding as final fiber product, but in a much bigger size. It looks like a thick glass rod, as shown in the bottom picture.
Then the preform is hanged at the top of a fiber drawing tower. The tower is a couple of stories tall as shown in the right picture.
The preform is heated by a furnace which softens the glass. The softened glass drips and pulled downward by gravity. A diameter monitor carefully monitors the fiber's diameter, which usually is 125um. Then the coater deposits a layer of plastic buffer coating for mechanical protection, which usually is 250um in diameter.
And finally, the fiber is winded onto a spool for storage and transportation.
An introduction to optical communication system is different form other communication system. The Frequency is high and transmission is only in the form of light. Because of these signal speed is to fast.
Fiber optic systems are important telecommunication
infrastructure for world-wide broadband networks. Wide
bandwidth signal transmission with low delay is a key
requirement in present day applications. Optical fibers provide
enormous and unsurpassed transmission bandwidth with
negligible latency, and are now the transmission medium of
choice for long distance and high data rate transmission in
telecommunication networks.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
How Fiber Optics Work
1. How Fiber Optics Work
You hear about fiber-optic cables whenever people
talk about the telephone system, the cable TV
system or the Internet. They are also used in
medical imaging and mechanical engineering
inspection.
2. What are Fiber Optics?
Fiber optics (optical fibers) are long, thin strands
of very pure glass about the diameter of a human
hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical
cables and used to transmit light signals over long
distances. If you look closely at a single optical
fiber, you will see that it has the following parts:
*Core - Thin glass center of the fiber where the
light travels
*Cladding - Outer optical material surrounding the
core that reflects the light back into the core
*Buffer coating - Plastic coating that protects the
fiber from damage and moisture
3. How Does an Optical Fiber Transmit
Light?
The light in a fiber-optic cable travels through the
core (hallway) by constantly bouncing from the
cladding (mirror-lined walls), a principle called total
internal reflection. Because the cladding does not
absorb any light from the core, the light wave can
travel great distances.
4. A Fiber-Optic Relay System
Fiber-optic relay systems consist of the following:
*Transmitter - Produces and encodes the light
signals
*Optical fiber - Conducts the light signals over a
distance
*Optical regenerator - May be necessary to boost
the light signal (for long distances)
*Optical receiver - Receives and decodes the light
signals
5. Advantages of Fiber Optics
Compared to conventional metal wire (copper
wire), optical fibers are:
1.Less expensive
2.Thinner
3.Higher carrying capacity
4.Less signal degradation
5.Light signals
6.Low power
7.Digital signals
8.Non-flammable
9.Lightweight
10.Flexible
6. How Are Optical Fibers Made?
1.Making a preform glass cylinder
2.Drawing the fibers from the preform
3.Testing the fibers
