Presentation by International Institute for Sustainability at the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.

1. GLF 2015
Large-scale restoration
Science and policy

2. International Institute for Sustainability
• Think tank (NGO)
• Founded by Bernardo Strassburg and Agnieszka Latawiec in
2009
• Range of projects focused on sustainbale land management
• Creating science and supporting public policies
• http://www.iis-rio.org/

3. A NATIONAL PLAN
FOR RECOVERY OF NATIVE VEGETATION
Ministry of the Environment / PLANAVEG Working Group (WRI, IUCN, IIS, PUC-Rio, GIZ, USP-ESALQ)
Supporting the goal of restoring > 12 million hectares

4. The Plan consists of 8 new strategies
1. Awareness Launch a multi-year communications movement targeting farmers, agribusiness, urban citizens, and
opinion leaders to build awareness of what native vegetation recovery is, what its benefits are, and how
to get involved
2. Seeds &
seedlings
Create a value chain for native vegetation recovery by doubling nursery capacity and stream-lining
policies to improve the quantity, quality, and affordability of native seeds and seedlings
3. Markets Build robust markets from which landowners can earn revenue and improve livelihoods by means of the
goods (e.g., wood, non-timber forest products) and services (e.g., watershed protection, carbon
sequestration) generated by recovered native vegetation
4. Institutions Clarify the roles and responsibilities among government agencies, companies, and civil society and align
existing public policies to ensure they mutually support recovery of native vegetation
5. Finance Introduce innovative financial mechanisms designed to encourage the recovery of native vegetation
(e.g., preferential loans, restoration funds, targeted tax exemptions, forest bonds)
6. Rural extension Expand rural extension services and capacity building (public and private) to equip landowners with the
most advanced knowledge and low-cost methods for native vegetation recovery
7. Spatial planning
& monitoring
Implement a pioneering national spatial planning and monitoring decision-support system to support
the recovery of native vegetation
8. Research &
development
Increase the scale and focus of investment in cutting-edge research and development to reduce the cost
and ramp up the pace of native vegetation recovery

5. The Plan consists of 8 new strategies
1. Awareness Launch a multi-year communications movement targeting farmers, agribusiness, urban citizens, and
opinion leaders to build awareness of what native vegetation recovery is, what its benefits are, and how
to get involved
2. Seeds &
seedlings
Create a value chain for native vegetation recovery by doubling nursery capacity and stream-lining
policies to improve the quantity, quality, and affordability of native seeds and seedlings
3. Markets Build robust markets from which landowners can earn revenue and improve livelihoods by means of the
goods (e.g., wood, non-timber forest products) and services (e.g., watershed protection, carbon
sequestration) generated by recovered native vegetation
4. Institutions Clarify the roles and responsibilities among government agencies, companies, and civil society and align
existing public policies to ensure they mutually support recovery of native vegetation
5. Finance Introduce innovative financial mechanisms designed to encourage the recovery of native vegetation
(e.g., preferential loans, restoration funds, targeted tax exemptions, forest bonds)
6. Rural extension Expand rural extension services and capacity building (public and private) to equip landowners with the
most advanced knowledge and low-cost methods for native vegetation recovery
7. Spatial planning
& monitoring
Implement a pioneering national spatial planning and monitoring decision-support system to support
the recovery of native vegetation
8. Research &
development
Increase the scale and focus of investment in cutting-edge research and development to reduce the cost
and ramp up the pace of native vegetation recovery

6. The Plan consists of 8 new strategies
1. Awareness Launch a multi-year communications movement targeting farmers, agribusiness, urban citizens, and
opinion leaders to build awareness of what native vegetation recovery is, what its benefits are, and how
to get involved
2. Seeds &
seedlings
Create a value chain for native vegetation recovery by doubling nursery capacity and stream-lining
policies to improve the quantity, quality, and affordability of native seeds and seedlings
3. Markets Build robust markets from which landowners can earn revenue and improve livelihoods by means of the
goods (e.g., wood, non-timber forest products) and services (e.g., watershed protection, carbon
sequestration) generated by recovered native vegetation
4. Institutions Clarify the roles and responsibilities among government agencies, companies, and civil society and align
existing public policies to ensure they mutually support recovery of native vegetation
5. Finance Introduce innovative financial mechanisms designed to encourage the recovery of native vegetation
(e.g., preferential loans, restoration funds, targeted tax exemptions, forest bonds)
6. Rural extension Expand rural extension services and capacity building (public and private) to equip landowners with the
most advanced knowledge and low-cost methods for native vegetation recovery
7. Spatial planning
& monitoring
Implement a pioneering national spatial planning and monitoring decision-support system to support
the recovery of native vegetation
8. Research &
development
Increase the scale and focus of investment in cutting-edge research and development to reduce the cost
and ramp up the pace of native vegetation recovery

7. Spatial planning: case study
Espirito Santo state (BR)
• Espirito Santo State (BR) – plans to increase croplands and
forestry area by 75% (+684.000 ha) and increase the natural
forest cover area by 50% (+ 200.000 ha)
• Competition for land
Creating space for large scale
restoration in tropical agricultural
landscapes Agnieszka Latawiec,
Bernardo Strassburg, Pedro
Brancalion, Ricardo Rodrigues, Toby
Gardner

8. • Based on a model developed by IIS and EMBRAPA, using climatic and
edaphic data, we found that current pasturelands are only 27% of the
sustainable carrying capacity.
Increasing cattle ranching productivity
Latawiec AE, Strassburg BBN, Brancallion P, Rodrigues R., Gardner, T. (Frontiers in Ecology and Environmen

9. Case study – Espirito Santo state
Latawiec et al 2015

10. Cattle ranching is key to resolving competition for land
Brazil already has enough agricultural lands to meet all land-related demands (and
potentially restoration targets ) without further deforestation

11. Results
• Current productivity only 32-34% of potential
• An increase from 32-34% to 49-52% would suffice to meet all future
demands without further deforestation
Current Productivity Potential Productivity
An increase to 70% of
sustainable carrying
capacity would liberate
36 million hectares for
restoration – enough to
meet the legal deficit;

12. Multicriteria Spatial planning
Multi-objective prioritization planning:
• Conciliate production and
conservation;
• Climate mitigation / adaptation
• Habitat provision
• Other ecosystems services
• Job creation
• Income creation
• Poverty reduction
• Maximize socioecological returns

13. Multicriteria Spatial planning
IIS is coordinating the development of
the spatial prioritization plans for
• Atlantic rainforest
• Amazon
And early plans to do the same for
remaining biomes
• Cerrado
• Caatinga
• Pantanal
• Pampa

14. The Plan consists of 8 new strategies
1. Awareness Launch a multi-year communications movement targeting farmers, agribusiness, urban citizens, and
opinion leaders to build awareness of what native vegetation recovery is, what its benefits are, and how
to get involved
2. Seeds &
seedlings
Create a value chain for native vegetation recovery by doubling nursery capacity and stream-lining
policies to improve the quantity, quality, and affordability of native seeds and seedlings
3. Markets Build robust markets from which landowners can earn revenue and improve livelihoods by means of the
goods (e.g., wood, non-timber forest products) and services (e.g., watershed protection, carbon
sequestration) generated by recovered native vegetation
4. Institutions Clarify the roles and responsibilities among government agencies, companies, and civil society and align
existing public policies to ensure they mutually support recovery of native vegetation
5. Finance Introduce innovative financial mechanisms designed to encourage the recovery of native vegetation
(e.g., preferential loans, restoration funds, targeted tax exemptions, forest bonds)
6. Rural extension Expand rural extension services and capacity building (public and private) to equip landowners with the
most advanced knowledge and low-cost methods for native vegetation recovery
7. Spatial planning
& monitoring
Implement a pioneering national spatial planning and monitoring decision-support system to support
the recovery of native vegetation
8. Research &
development
Increase the scale and focus of investment in cutting-edge research and development to reduce the cost
and ramp up the pace of native vegetation recovery

15. Ecological processes
EconomicBenefits
The Ecological-economic continuum of
reforestation and ecological restoration
High diversity
restoration
Commercial plantations
(monocultures)
Different purposes,
benefits and
ideal spatial
allocations

16. Ecological processes
EconomicBenefits
The Ecological-economic continuum of
reforestation and ecological restoration
High diversity
restoration
Commercial plantations
(monocultures)
Different purposes,
benefits and
ideal spatial
allocations
• Powerful climate
mitigation option;
• Ecosystem based
adaptation;
• A range of other
ecosystem services;
• Creation of jobs
(196.000 annual
jobs);
• Income generation
• Poverty reduction;

17. Developing Financially profitable restoration systems with
medium and low intensity management of native species
ESALQ/USP
Partners:
Full planting of native species, economic use of fraction of the area
• 3 m x 2 m / 1666 trees/ha
• Economic use: 555-833 trees per hectare – (33%-50% of the area)
• 1st harvest: 11-15 years
• 50-67% of the area not managed plantes with a variety of native species
Angico vermelho Louro-pardo Jequitibá-branco Not-managed Native Species

18. Financial Analyses of native restoration systems
-2500-2000-1500-1000-50005001000150020002500
-15.0%-10.0%-5.0%0.0%5.0%10.0%15.0%
-663.29
374.87 1960.04
-469.25
276.22 1532.11
-578.34
247.64 1546.41
-1359.59 -809.82
17.17
1.3%
7.7%
13.9%
2.5%
6.8%
11.0%
1.6%
7.0%
12.1%
-6.8%
0.2%
5.9%
VPL anualizado (R$/hectare) TIR
VPLanualizado(R$/ha)

19. The Plan consists of 8 new strategies
1. Awareness Launch a multi-year communications movement targeting farmers, agribusiness, urban citizens, and
opinion leaders to build awareness of what native vegetation recovery is, what its benefits are, and how
to get involved
2. Seeds &
seedlings
Create a value chain for native vegetation recovery by doubling nursery capacity and stream-lining
policies to improve the quantity, quality, and affordability of native seeds and seedlings
3. Markets Build robust markets from which landowners can earn revenue and improve livelihoods by means of the
goods (e.g., wood, non-timber forest products) and services (e.g., watershed protection, carbon
sequestration) generated by recovered native vegetation
4. Institutions Clarify the roles and responsibilities among government agencies, companies, and civil society and align
existing public policies to ensure they mutually support recovery of native vegetation
5. Finance Introduce innovative financial mechanisms designed to encourage the recovery of native vegetation
(e.g., preferential loans, restoration funds, targeted tax exemptions, forest bonds)
6. Rural extension Expand rural extension services and capacity building (public and private) to equip landowners with the
most advanced knowledge and low-cost methods for native vegetation recovery
7. Spatial planning
& monitoring
Implement a pioneering national spatial planning and monitoring decision-support system to support
the recovery of native vegetation
8. Research &
development
Increase the scale and focus of investment in cutting-edge research and development to reduce the cost
and ramp up the pace of native vegetation recovery

20. The role natural regeneration

21. Provide practical guidance for policy makers and
practitioners on benefits provided by different
restoration systems under distinct local conditions
• Climate change mitigation
• Improved accounting parameters, rate of biomass accumulation
and soil carbon fluxes;
• Restoration and biodiversity conservation
• including role of corridors for climate change adaptation;
• Impact on water quality and availability over time;
• Social aspects
• Jobs and income generation, poverty reduction, governance
regimes

22. Conclusions
 Restoration a powerful part of solution to major local and global sustainability
challenges; There are many challenges inherent to any nascent market, but
there are available solutions to all of them;
 Restoration provides ecosystems services, which benefit the poor
disproportionally;
 External benefits should be partially internalized;
 This can be done via PES, in kind, subsidies etc
 It can also produce products, and have competitive rates of returns;
 Distribution of costs and benefits across scales and stakeholder groups is
crucial;
 Large scale restoration requires thinking about land scarcity and associated
risks (Leakage, food insecurity)
 Large scale presents economies of scale, and increases the potential for proper
prioritization; small scale also has a role to play
 Spatial prioritization key to maximize socioecological benefits, minimize risks
 Urgent need to increase science, economics and policy dialog

23. Thank you
Contact:
b.strassburg@iis-rio.org
a.latawiec@iis-rio.org