Lake ecosystem: Chemical factors
•
2 likes•700 views
How chemical factors effect lake ecosystem? The presentation gives the quick knowledge on the properties of lake based on some chemical parameter.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Lake ecology 2017
Limnology is the study of inland aquatic ecosystems. The document defines different types of freshwater environments like lakes, ponds, rivers, swamps, and marshes. It describes the characteristics of these environments and explains concepts in lake ecology like littoral, limnetic, profundal, and benthic zones. Key factors that influence lakes include light, temperature, nutrients, and stratification into epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion layers.
Aquatic ecosystems freshwater
Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They include lakes and ponds, rivers, streams and springs, and wetlands. They can be contrasted with marine ecosystems, which have a larger salt content. This module explains the characteristics of aquatic ecosystems-freshwater ones.
Limnology
Limnology is the study of inland aquatic ecosystems such as lakes, rivers, and wetlands. It examines the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of these systems. Key topics in limnology include the hydrologic cycle, types of inland waters, biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems, and how energy and matter move through food webs. Ecosystems follow certain ecological principles, such as pyramids of energy and biomass which demonstrate that energy decreases at each trophic level.
Lake ecosystem : Physical factors affecting lake ecology
The document discusses the physical and chemical properties of lakes. It describes several key factors that influence lake biology, including temperature, light penetration, depth, turbidity, and dissolved solids. Temperature affects water density and stratification. Light penetration is influenced by factors like latitude, season, time of day, and suspended materials; it determines the depth of photosynthesis. Turbidity is caused by suspended settling and non-settling matters. Color of lake water can indicate composition like algae, clay, diatoms, or dinoflagellates. These physical and chemical attributes shape the ecosystem of each lake.
Lake
This document discusses stratification in lakes. It describes how lakes are vertically divided into three layers - the epilimnion on top which is mixed by wind, the metalimnion in the middle where temperature drops rapidly, and the hypolimnion on the bottom which remains cool and unaffected by wind. It also explains how the stability of this stratification depends on the energy required to uniformly mix the layers, and discusses differences between eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes in terms of biomass, diversity, and water quality.
Lotic
This document defines and describes lotic systems. Lotic systems include streams and rivers, which are flowing bodies of water. Key characteristics of lotic systems are that the water flows in one direction, from upstream to downstream; the channels are narrower and longer than lakes; and the flowing water continually deepens and widens the channel over time. Lotic systems have shorter water retention times than lentic systems like lakes, due to the constant movement of water.
LIMNOLOGY.pptx
This document provides an overview of limnology, defining it as the study of inland bodies of water. It discusses the history and definitions of limnology, noting it was born on the shores of Lake Geneva and can be described as "inland oceanography." Limnology has three main branches: physical, biological, and chemical. The document also outlines various facets of limnology including geology, physics/mathematics, chemistry, biology, and its historical and applied aspects.
Claasification of zooplankton and Benthos
Zooplankton are small aquatic animals that drift or float in water and rely on currents for movement. Without environmental controls, the entire world could be covered by a 3-foot thick layer of zooplankton in just 130 days. Zooplankton are classified based on size from femtoplankton to megaplankton. They also have holoplankton that remain plankton their whole life and meroplankton that are partially planktonic. Common phyla include protozoa, cnidaria, chaetognatha, annelida, mollusca, arthropoda, and chordata.
Recommended
Lake ecology 2017
Limnology is the study of inland aquatic ecosystems. The document defines different types of freshwater environments like lakes, ponds, rivers, swamps, and marshes. It describes the characteristics of these environments and explains concepts in lake ecology like littoral, limnetic, profundal, and benthic zones. Key factors that influence lakes include light, temperature, nutrients, and stratification into epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion layers.
Aquatic ecosystems freshwater
Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They include lakes and ponds, rivers, streams and springs, and wetlands. They can be contrasted with marine ecosystems, which have a larger salt content. This module explains the characteristics of aquatic ecosystems-freshwater ones.
Limnology
Limnology is the study of inland aquatic ecosystems such as lakes, rivers, and wetlands. It examines the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of these systems. Key topics in limnology include the hydrologic cycle, types of inland waters, biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems, and how energy and matter move through food webs. Ecosystems follow certain ecological principles, such as pyramids of energy and biomass which demonstrate that energy decreases at each trophic level.
Lake ecosystem : Physical factors affecting lake ecology
The document discusses the physical and chemical properties of lakes. It describes several key factors that influence lake biology, including temperature, light penetration, depth, turbidity, and dissolved solids. Temperature affects water density and stratification. Light penetration is influenced by factors like latitude, season, time of day, and suspended materials; it determines the depth of photosynthesis. Turbidity is caused by suspended settling and non-settling matters. Color of lake water can indicate composition like algae, clay, diatoms, or dinoflagellates. These physical and chemical attributes shape the ecosystem of each lake.
Lake
This document discusses stratification in lakes. It describes how lakes are vertically divided into three layers - the epilimnion on top which is mixed by wind, the metalimnion in the middle where temperature drops rapidly, and the hypolimnion on the bottom which remains cool and unaffected by wind. It also explains how the stability of this stratification depends on the energy required to uniformly mix the layers, and discusses differences between eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes in terms of biomass, diversity, and water quality.
Lotic
This document defines and describes lotic systems. Lotic systems include streams and rivers, which are flowing bodies of water. Key characteristics of lotic systems are that the water flows in one direction, from upstream to downstream; the channels are narrower and longer than lakes; and the flowing water continually deepens and widens the channel over time. Lotic systems have shorter water retention times than lentic systems like lakes, due to the constant movement of water.
LIMNOLOGY.pptx
This document provides an overview of limnology, defining it as the study of inland bodies of water. It discusses the history and definitions of limnology, noting it was born on the shores of Lake Geneva and can be described as "inland oceanography." Limnology has three main branches: physical, biological, and chemical. The document also outlines various facets of limnology including geology, physics/mathematics, chemistry, biology, and its historical and applied aspects.
Claasification of zooplankton and Benthos
Zooplankton are small aquatic animals that drift or float in water and rely on currents for movement. Without environmental controls, the entire world could be covered by a 3-foot thick layer of zooplankton in just 130 days. Zooplankton are classified based on size from femtoplankton to megaplankton. They also have holoplankton that remain plankton their whole life and meroplankton that are partially planktonic. Common phyla include protozoa, cnidaria, chaetognatha, annelida, mollusca, arthropoda, and chordata.
physical and chemical parameters of water for fish pond
This document discusses the importance of various physical and chemical parameters of water for successful aquaculture. It outlines key water quality factors like temperature, depth, transparency, and dissolved oxygen levels. Temperature affects fish metabolism and physiology, with high temperatures being lethal. Water depth should be between 1.5 to 3 meters. Transparent water supports higher plankton production and fish growth. Dissolved oxygen, pH, hardness, carbon dioxide, and nutrient levels also impact fish health and pond productivity. Maintaining suitable ranges of these parameters is essential for aquaculture.
Physical and chemical characteristics of limnetic environment
Physical and chemical characteristics of limnetic environmentCollege of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
The document discusses the physical and chemical characteristics of limnetic environments that are important for aquaculture. It describes factors like temperature, depth, light, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, hardness and nutrients. Maintaining suitable levels of these characteristics is key to the suitability of a water body for fish culture and productivity. The document provides details on how these characteristics vary and interact in different types of water bodies.Ecology Chapter 25: AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
The document discusses various aquatic ecosystems including lakes, rivers, estuaries, and oceans. It describes the key physical characteristics and biological adaptations that allow organisms to thrive in different aquatic environments. Lakes can be formed through geological or non-geological processes. Aquatic life is richest in shallow waters near shorelines. Rivers flow into seas forming estuaries with mixing of freshwater and saltwater. Oceans have vast benthic communities on the seafloor and unique hydrothermal vent and coral reef ecosystems. Primary productivity in aquatic environments is governed by light and nutrient availability.
Classification of lakes
Lakes are helpful in controlling weather and local climate. Lakes are helpful for creating irrigation facilities and recreation. In some places, lakes are good sources for water supply for drinking. Every lake, is unique in terms of its size, morphometry, water availability, water chemistry, physics, hydrology and biology. There are several type, kinds and categories of lakes in the world.
limnology notes
Lakes contain dissolved gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide, and methane. The amounts and distributions of these gases depend on factors such as precipitation, temperature, water movement, and chemical reactions. Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels indicate biological activity, entering water through diffusion, photosynthesis, and the decomposition of organic matter. The solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature and pressure.
PLANKTON, TYPES, IMPORTANCE.pptx
Plankton are small organisms that drift or float in aquatic environments such as oceans, seas and bodies of fresh water. They play an important role in aquatic food webs as primary producers (phytoplankton) or primary consumers (zooplankton). Phytoplankton include algae like diatoms, dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria which produce oxygen and serve as the base of the food chain. Zooplankton include protozoa, rotifers, crustaceans and copepods which feed on phytoplankton and bacteria and are food for larger organisms. Plankton are crucial for marine ecosystems as they provide the base of the food web that supports many fish
Planktons
Plankton are small organisms that drift or float in marine and freshwater ecosystems. They include algae, bacteria, protozoa, and tiny animals. Plankton are the base of aquatic food webs, providing a food source for larger animals and ultimately humans. Their abundance varies depending on factors like light availability and nutrient levels. Plankton inhabit all bodies of water and play an important role in biogeochemical cycles.
PLANKTONIC ORGANISMS AND CLASSIFICATION
This document discusses the classification of planktonic organisms. It defines plankton as diverse microscopic and small organisms that live in water bodies but cannot swim against currents. Plankton are classified into phytoplankton and zooplankton. Phytoplankton include algae and cyanobacteria that photosynthesize, while zooplankton feed on other plankton. Both groups are further divided based on size into bacterio, nano, micro, macro, and meg plankton. The document provides examples for different classifications.
Benthos - types and their role in ecosystem
Benthos, the benthic organism which is play a big role in ecosystem. There has a brief description on the type of this organisms and roles.
Limnology powerpoint presentation
The document introduces limnology as the study of inland waters, including their physical, biological, and chemical aspects. It notes there are three main branches: physical limnology covers properties like water movement and basin geology. Biological limnology focuses on photosynthesis and productivity. Chemical limnology examines inorganic and organic compounds. The document provides examples of limnology studies on lakes, noting their formation, depth, residence time, zones, and trophic classification. It outlines the importance of limnology for conservation and understanding impacts of changes to watersheds.
Fish disease
This document discusses fish diseases and control measures. It describes how fish can be affected by various pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Some common viral diseases discussed are Spring Viremia of Carp caused by Rhabdovirus, Swim Bladder Inflammation caused by SBI virus, and Viral Renal Disease of Eels. It also discusses Channel Catfish Viral Disease caused by Herpes virus and Pox Disease of Carps caused by Carp Pox virus. The document emphasizes the importance of basic knowledge of fish diseases for fish farmers and highlights how diseases can be controlled through proper pond maintenance and use of antibiotics.
Aquatic Biodiversity
This document discusses aquatic biodiversity and different marine and freshwater ecosystems. It describes the key producers, consumers, and larger organisms in aquatic environments. Some of the ecosystems highlighted include estuaries, mangrove forests, coral reefs, lakes, rivers, and wetlands. The document also notes threats to certain ecosystems like coral reefs and overfished areas.
INTRODUCTION OF PLANKTON
Plankton are microscopic organisms that drift or float in aquatic environments. They are categorized into phytoplankton and zooplankton. Phytoplankton are plant-like organisms that can photosynthesize, while zooplankton are animal plankton that consume other organisms. Plankton play important roles in aquatic ecosystems as indicators of water quality, primary producers that form the base of the food web, producers of oxygen through photosynthesis, and major participants in the global carbon cycle. They are studied and classified by size, nutritional requirements, length of planktonic life, and habitat. Understanding plankton communities provides insights into ecosystem health and functions.
Biological benthos presentation by hafez ahmad
This document provides information about benthos. It defines benthos as organisms that live on, in, or near the seabed, such as worms, clams, crabs, and kelp. It then discusses the major types of benthic communities found, including rocky shores, sediment-covered shores, kelp forests, and coral reefs. The document also outlines the major kingdoms and phyla that make up benthic organisms, such as algae, sponges, mollusks, and echinoderms. Finally, it discusses the importance of benthos, noting their roles in primary production, nutrient cycling, and as a major link in the food chain.
Integrated fish farming system
Integrated fish farming system is a mixed type of farming. And benefit of all 3 products like agriculture, aquaculture and livestock at high rate.
Ecological classification of fresh water
This document classifies and describes the different types of organisms found in freshwater ecosystems. It divides organisms into producers, consumers, and decomposers. It further breaks down organisms based on their life form - such as benthos, periphyton, plankton, nekton, and neuston. Locations within freshwater habitats are also classified, including littoral, limnetic, and profundal zones within ponds and lakes. Major divisions of plants and animal phyla are represented in freshwater communities. Descriptions of lentic still water bodies and the nature and communities of the littoral zone are provided.
Categorisation of limnetic fisheries resources
This document categorizes and describes different types of limnetic (inland water body) fisheries resources. It discusses lacustrine (lake) systems, including zonation patterns in lakes and thermal stratification. It also covers rivers, cold water bodies, wetlands including flood plains, and threats/conservation efforts. Key points include descriptions of eutrophic, oligotrophic, and mesotrophic lakes; types of wetlands like swamps, marshes, bogs, and fens; fish diversity in different systems; and impacts of habitat loss.
Estuaries ecosystem
Estuaries Ecosystem : Where River Meets Ocean
Everything about estuary ecosystem has been elaborated including Introduction, Types, Physical and Chemical Characteristics , Biota, Marsh Lands, Mangrove Forests, Food Web, Threats, Conservation, Restoration etc....
Fish Circulatory System by uzma nihar
Fish have a closed circulatory system with a two-chambered heart. Blood moves through arteries to the gills to exchange gases and then to the body through veins. The blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen, while white blood cells help fight infection. The heart pumps blood through the sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus in a single circulation before returning to the heart.
Freshwater Ecology
Freshwater ecology is the study of freshwater ecosystems and their organisms. Freshwater habitats can be classified as lentic, such as lakes and ponds, or lotic, such as rivers and streams. Lentic habitats are characterized by still water while lotic habitats have flowing water. Organisms in freshwater ecosystems are limited by factors like temperature, current, transparency, gas and nutrient concentrations, and inhabit zones based on their mode of life such as benthic, planktonic, or nektonic.
COD &BOD&TOC& DO
BOD measures the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material in water, while COD measures the amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidize organic compounds. COD is generally higher than BOD because it measures oxidation of all organic compounds, whereas BOD only measures biologically degradable compounds. Both are used to assess water quality, but COD provides a faster and more accurate measurement than BOD. The ratio of COD to BOD can also indicate the toxicity of wastewater.
2. water pollution
The document discusses key terms and concepts related to water pollution, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and dissolved oxygen (DO). COD measures all organic and inorganic compounds that can be oxidized, while BOD specifically measures biologically degradable organic matter. BOD tests how much oxygen is consumed by microbes to break down organic waste over 5 days. COD values are always higher than BOD since COD includes non-biodegradable materials. Turbidity is a measure of cloudiness caused by suspended particles, while total suspended solids is a direct measurement of particulate matter in water.
More Related Content
What's hot
physical and chemical parameters of water for fish pond
This document discusses the importance of various physical and chemical parameters of water for successful aquaculture. It outlines key water quality factors like temperature, depth, transparency, and dissolved oxygen levels. Temperature affects fish metabolism and physiology, with high temperatures being lethal. Water depth should be between 1.5 to 3 meters. Transparent water supports higher plankton production and fish growth. Dissolved oxygen, pH, hardness, carbon dioxide, and nutrient levels also impact fish health and pond productivity. Maintaining suitable ranges of these parameters is essential for aquaculture.
Physical and chemical characteristics of limnetic environment
Physical and chemical characteristics of limnetic environmentCollege of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangalore, Karnataka
The document discusses the physical and chemical characteristics of limnetic environments that are important for aquaculture. It describes factors like temperature, depth, light, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, hardness and nutrients. Maintaining suitable levels of these characteristics is key to the suitability of a water body for fish culture and productivity. The document provides details on how these characteristics vary and interact in different types of water bodies.Ecology Chapter 25: AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
The document discusses various aquatic ecosystems including lakes, rivers, estuaries, and oceans. It describes the key physical characteristics and biological adaptations that allow organisms to thrive in different aquatic environments. Lakes can be formed through geological or non-geological processes. Aquatic life is richest in shallow waters near shorelines. Rivers flow into seas forming estuaries with mixing of freshwater and saltwater. Oceans have vast benthic communities on the seafloor and unique hydrothermal vent and coral reef ecosystems. Primary productivity in aquatic environments is governed by light and nutrient availability.
Classification of lakes
Lakes are helpful in controlling weather and local climate. Lakes are helpful for creating irrigation facilities and recreation. In some places, lakes are good sources for water supply for drinking. Every lake, is unique in terms of its size, morphometry, water availability, water chemistry, physics, hydrology and biology. There are several type, kinds and categories of lakes in the world.
limnology notes
Lakes contain dissolved gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide, and methane. The amounts and distributions of these gases depend on factors such as precipitation, temperature, water movement, and chemical reactions. Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels indicate biological activity, entering water through diffusion, photosynthesis, and the decomposition of organic matter. The solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature and pressure.
PLANKTON, TYPES, IMPORTANCE.pptx
Plankton are small organisms that drift or float in aquatic environments such as oceans, seas and bodies of fresh water. They play an important role in aquatic food webs as primary producers (phytoplankton) or primary consumers (zooplankton). Phytoplankton include algae like diatoms, dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria which produce oxygen and serve as the base of the food chain. Zooplankton include protozoa, rotifers, crustaceans and copepods which feed on phytoplankton and bacteria and are food for larger organisms. Plankton are crucial for marine ecosystems as they provide the base of the food web that supports many fish
Planktons
Plankton are small organisms that drift or float in marine and freshwater ecosystems. They include algae, bacteria, protozoa, and tiny animals. Plankton are the base of aquatic food webs, providing a food source for larger animals and ultimately humans. Their abundance varies depending on factors like light availability and nutrient levels. Plankton inhabit all bodies of water and play an important role in biogeochemical cycles.
PLANKTONIC ORGANISMS AND CLASSIFICATION
This document discusses the classification of planktonic organisms. It defines plankton as diverse microscopic and small organisms that live in water bodies but cannot swim against currents. Plankton are classified into phytoplankton and zooplankton. Phytoplankton include algae and cyanobacteria that photosynthesize, while zooplankton feed on other plankton. Both groups are further divided based on size into bacterio, nano, micro, macro, and meg plankton. The document provides examples for different classifications.
Benthos - types and their role in ecosystem
Benthos, the benthic organism which is play a big role in ecosystem. There has a brief description on the type of this organisms and roles.
Limnology powerpoint presentation
The document introduces limnology as the study of inland waters, including their physical, biological, and chemical aspects. It notes there are three main branches: physical limnology covers properties like water movement and basin geology. Biological limnology focuses on photosynthesis and productivity. Chemical limnology examines inorganic and organic compounds. The document provides examples of limnology studies on lakes, noting their formation, depth, residence time, zones, and trophic classification. It outlines the importance of limnology for conservation and understanding impacts of changes to watersheds.
Fish disease
This document discusses fish diseases and control measures. It describes how fish can be affected by various pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Some common viral diseases discussed are Spring Viremia of Carp caused by Rhabdovirus, Swim Bladder Inflammation caused by SBI virus, and Viral Renal Disease of Eels. It also discusses Channel Catfish Viral Disease caused by Herpes virus and Pox Disease of Carps caused by Carp Pox virus. The document emphasizes the importance of basic knowledge of fish diseases for fish farmers and highlights how diseases can be controlled through proper pond maintenance and use of antibiotics.
Aquatic Biodiversity
This document discusses aquatic biodiversity and different marine and freshwater ecosystems. It describes the key producers, consumers, and larger organisms in aquatic environments. Some of the ecosystems highlighted include estuaries, mangrove forests, coral reefs, lakes, rivers, and wetlands. The document also notes threats to certain ecosystems like coral reefs and overfished areas.
INTRODUCTION OF PLANKTON
Plankton are microscopic organisms that drift or float in aquatic environments. They are categorized into phytoplankton and zooplankton. Phytoplankton are plant-like organisms that can photosynthesize, while zooplankton are animal plankton that consume other organisms. Plankton play important roles in aquatic ecosystems as indicators of water quality, primary producers that form the base of the food web, producers of oxygen through photosynthesis, and major participants in the global carbon cycle. They are studied and classified by size, nutritional requirements, length of planktonic life, and habitat. Understanding plankton communities provides insights into ecosystem health and functions.
Biological benthos presentation by hafez ahmad
This document provides information about benthos. It defines benthos as organisms that live on, in, or near the seabed, such as worms, clams, crabs, and kelp. It then discusses the major types of benthic communities found, including rocky shores, sediment-covered shores, kelp forests, and coral reefs. The document also outlines the major kingdoms and phyla that make up benthic organisms, such as algae, sponges, mollusks, and echinoderms. Finally, it discusses the importance of benthos, noting their roles in primary production, nutrient cycling, and as a major link in the food chain.
Integrated fish farming system
Integrated fish farming system is a mixed type of farming. And benefit of all 3 products like agriculture, aquaculture and livestock at high rate.
Ecological classification of fresh water
This document classifies and describes the different types of organisms found in freshwater ecosystems. It divides organisms into producers, consumers, and decomposers. It further breaks down organisms based on their life form - such as benthos, periphyton, plankton, nekton, and neuston. Locations within freshwater habitats are also classified, including littoral, limnetic, and profundal zones within ponds and lakes. Major divisions of plants and animal phyla are represented in freshwater communities. Descriptions of lentic still water bodies and the nature and communities of the littoral zone are provided.
Categorisation of limnetic fisheries resources
This document categorizes and describes different types of limnetic (inland water body) fisheries resources. It discusses lacustrine (lake) systems, including zonation patterns in lakes and thermal stratification. It also covers rivers, cold water bodies, wetlands including flood plains, and threats/conservation efforts. Key points include descriptions of eutrophic, oligotrophic, and mesotrophic lakes; types of wetlands like swamps, marshes, bogs, and fens; fish diversity in different systems; and impacts of habitat loss.
Estuaries ecosystem
Estuaries Ecosystem : Where River Meets Ocean
Everything about estuary ecosystem has been elaborated including Introduction, Types, Physical and Chemical Characteristics , Biota, Marsh Lands, Mangrove Forests, Food Web, Threats, Conservation, Restoration etc....
Fish Circulatory System by uzma nihar
Fish have a closed circulatory system with a two-chambered heart. Blood moves through arteries to the gills to exchange gases and then to the body through veins. The blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen, while white blood cells help fight infection. The heart pumps blood through the sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus in a single circulation before returning to the heart.
Freshwater Ecology
Freshwater ecology is the study of freshwater ecosystems and their organisms. Freshwater habitats can be classified as lentic, such as lakes and ponds, or lotic, such as rivers and streams. Lentic habitats are characterized by still water while lotic habitats have flowing water. Organisms in freshwater ecosystems are limited by factors like temperature, current, transparency, gas and nutrient concentrations, and inhabit zones based on their mode of life such as benthic, planktonic, or nektonic.
What's hot (20)
physical and chemical parameters of water for fish pond
physical and chemical parameters of water for fish pond
Physical and chemical characteristics of limnetic environment
Physical and chemical characteristics of limnetic environment
Similar to Lake ecosystem: Chemical factors
COD &BOD&TOC& DO
BOD measures the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material in water, while COD measures the amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidize organic compounds. COD is generally higher than BOD because it measures oxidation of all organic compounds, whereas BOD only measures biologically degradable compounds. Both are used to assess water quality, but COD provides a faster and more accurate measurement than BOD. The ratio of COD to BOD can also indicate the toxicity of wastewater.
2. water pollution
The document discusses key terms and concepts related to water pollution, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and dissolved oxygen (DO). COD measures all organic and inorganic compounds that can be oxidized, while BOD specifically measures biologically degradable organic matter. BOD tests how much oxygen is consumed by microbes to break down organic waste over 5 days. COD values are always higher than BOD since COD includes non-biodegradable materials. Turbidity is a measure of cloudiness caused by suspended particles, while total suspended solids is a direct measurement of particulate matter in water.
Bod cod do waste water treartment
This document discusses key concepts related to waste water treatment including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and dissolved oxygen (DO). BOD measures the amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to break down organic matter in water. COD determines the oxygen required to oxidize organic compounds. DO refers to oxygen dissolved in water that aquatic life requires. The document outlines typical values and measurement methods for BOD, COD and DO in waste and natural waters. It also describes the nature of waste water pollutants and an overview of waste water treatment processes.
Devwtrplan b (1)
This document provides descriptions of commonly considered water quality constituents including dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, pH and acidity, nutrients, conductivity and dissolved solids, and metals, pesticides, and other organic contaminants. It explains how each constituent affects water quality and aquatic life. For example, it describes how dissolved oxygen levels influence what types of fish can survive, how biochemical oxygen demand reduces dissolved oxygen, and how pH affects the solubility of chemicals and their toxicity to aquatic organisms.
Report of dissolve and biological demand
This document discusses dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand in water. It defines dissolved oxygen as the amount of oxygen dissolved in water, which is important for aquatic life. It enters water through diffusion from the atmosphere and photosynthesis. A normal level is 6.5-8 mg/L. Biological oxygen demand measures the amount of oxygen required by aerobic bacteria to break down organic waste in water. High BOD indicates polluted water and low dissolved oxygen. Human activities like sewage and stormwater overflows can increase BOD and lower dissolved oxygen levels.
Chemical water parameters
This document discusses various physicochemical parameters that are used to test water quality, including temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, carbon dioxide, alkalinity, bicarbonate, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). It explains that water quality must be regularly monitored and tested against these parameters to ensure it is safe for drinking, domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. Each parameter is important to measure as it provides insight into the water ecosystem and potential contamination issues.
Dissolved Oxygen Demand (DO) AND Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) PDF
Dissolved oxygen (DO) refers to the level of oxygen present in water or other liquids. It is important for assessing water quality and supporting aquatic life. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) measures the amount of oxygen required to chemically break down pollutants in water. DO enters water through diffusion from air and as a byproduct of photosynthesis. It can be measured using electrochemical, optical, or colorimetric methods. COD is determined by using potassium dichromate as an oxidizing agent under acidic conditions, then measuring the amount of chromium formed.
WATER TREATMENT COURSE.pdf
Water is essential for life but requires treatment to remove contaminants and make it safe for human use. The document outlines various processes involved in water treatment including coagulation and flocculation to remove small particles, sedimentation to allow particles to settle, filtration to remove remaining particles, and disinfection to kill pathogens. It also discusses common contaminants found in water and standards for drinking water quality set by the EPA. The overall goal of water treatment is to provide a safe, clean water supply for public health.
Water Treatment course .pdf
Water is essential for life and covers most of the Earth's surface. It needs to be treated to remove contaminants that can harm human health or cause aesthetic issues. The main water treatment processes include filtration, disinfection, coagulation, and sedimentation to remove pathogens, chemicals, and particles. Proper treatment provides safe drinking water.
Bod types
BOD types include carbonaceous BOD (cBOD), nitrogenous BOD (nBOD), and total BOD (tBOD). cBOD measures oxygen depletion from biological organisms breaking down carbonaceous pollutants. nBOD measures oxygen used by autotrophic bacteria to convert ammonia to nitrates through nutrient enrichment. tBOD is the total oxygen required to oxidize all organic compounds through microbial growth. Total organic carbon (TOC) has been standardized to assess organic pollution in water and can correlate to chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements through dichromate oxidation correlations defined for different substances.
02 - Stream & Effluent standards, Oxygen sag curve, Self Purification.pptx
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND POLLUTION CONTROL.ppt
Solvent properties of water; principles of physico-chemical analysis, major ionic components of natural water. Chemistry of natural waters, water quality requirements, standards for potable water, irrigation and livestock. Types of water, lithological control of surface and ground water
Natural purification in streams and rivers
Natural streams have a self-purification capacity to break down and remove pollutants. However, as human settlements grew, the amount and types of pollutants entering water bodies exceeded this capacity. Smaller streams were affected first as dissolved oxygen levels dropped, harming aquatic life. The speed and completeness of natural purification in a stream depends on factors like water volume, flow rate, temperature, and sunlight exposure. Dissolved oxygen is particularly important for breaking down biodegradable organic matter and supporting aquatic life.
BOD
The document discusses biological oxygen demand (BOD) of wastewater. It defines BOD as an important measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material in water. A higher BOD value indicates a higher level of organic pollution in water. The document outlines several methods to reduce BOD in wastewater treatment, including wastewater clarification, coagulation and flocculation processes, and anaerobic microbial decomposition. Lowering the BOD through these treatments ensures wastewater is safe for reuse or disposal and protects aquatic life by reducing oxygen demand.
Routine analysis of wastewaters quality parameters
This document discusses parameters for analyzing waste water quality. It describes the objectives of waste water analysis which include monitoring treatment plant efficiency. Physical analyses examine characteristics like color and odor, while chemical analyses determine substance amounts. Key parameters discussed include biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrogen, and solids. BOD testing measures oxygen consumed by bacteria breaking down organic matter over time. COD testing uses chemical oxidization to similarly assess ability to consume oxygen. Their ratio provides information on a waste water's biodegradability.
Discharge limit of different parameters
This presentation discusses the discharge limits of various parameters for textile industries in Bangladesh. It introduces the group members and provides background on the need for effluent treatment plants and standards. Key parameters discussed include pH, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, and others. The objective is to understand typical effluent characteristics and the discharge limits set by the Department of Environment. Discharge limits are specified for textile industries, with BOD below 50 ppm and COD below 200 ppm. The conclusion stresses the importance of following discharge limits to protect the environment.
water characteristics and sampling water
The document discusses water quality characteristics including physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Some key points:
- Physical characteristics include turbidity, color, taste, odor, and temperature. Turbidity is caused by suspended solids and affects water clarity.
- Common chemical characteristics are total solids, alkalinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, oxygen demand, hardness, chloride, and fluoride. Alkalinity measures ability to neutralize acids.
- Biological characteristics include bacteria, viruses, algae, and protozoa. Some bacteria and protozoa can cause diseases if water is consumed.
- Water quality is important as pollution can make water unsuitable for uses like drinking. Standards exist to regulate
Lecture-3.pptx
This document discusses factors that affect biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), including ultimate BOD, BOD rate constant, nature of waste, ability of organisms to utilize waste, and temperature. Ultimate BOD represents the maximum oxygen demand of a waste. The BOD rate constant depends on these factors and indicates how quickly oxygen will be depleted. Simple sugars degrade quickly while more complex compounds degrade more slowly. The organisms used to inoculate BOD tests may not be able to degrade all waste components. BOD tests are conducted at 20°C to standardize temperature effects and allow comparison of results.
B.O.D DATA LOGGING
The document discusses how students from UPSI measured the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of different water samples, finding that drain water had the highest BOD level indicating it was most polluted while distilled water had the lowest. A high BOD means less dissolved oxygen is available for aquatic life since bacteria use it to break down organic waste. The experiment demonstrated how BOD testing can evaluate water quality and pollution levels.
L 29 do sag and self purification of streams
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Similar to Lake ecosystem: Chemical factors (20)
Dissolved Oxygen Demand (DO) AND Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) PDF
Dissolved Oxygen Demand (DO) AND Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) PDF
02 - Stream & Effluent standards, Oxygen sag curve, Self Purification.pptx
02 - Stream & Effluent standards, Oxygen sag curve, Self Purification.pptx
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND POLLUTION CONTROL.ppt
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND POLLUTION CONTROL.ppt
Routine analysis of wastewaters quality parameters
Routine analysis of wastewaters quality parameters
More from Surjya Kumar Saikia
Sampling method
This document discusses different sampling methods used in research studies. It describes probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling. It explains that probability sampling allows for statistical measurement of random error. The document also covers non-probability sampling methods including convenience sampling, quota sampling, judgmental sampling, snowball sampling, and self-selection sampling. These do not allow for statistical measurement of variability and bias. The key sampling methods and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized.
Classification of Sensory receptor 2
This power point gives a brief introduction on the classification of sensory receptor based on their location
Classification of Sensory receptor 1
This power point gives a brief introduction on the classification of sensory receptor based on their structures
Imprinting
The imprinting is an amazing innate animal behaviour. This presentation gives a brief look into the imprinting behaviour in animals
Habituation in Animlas
Habituation is a form of non-associative learning where an animal stops responding to a stimulus after repeated exposure. Experiments were conducted with mice and women's groups to study habituation. When exposed to a loud surprised noise, mice initially reflexed but this response decreased with repeated exposure. Habituation helps animals filter irrelevant stimuli from their environments. For example, prairie dogs give alarm calls less frequently for humans they encounter regularly near their trails, conserving their energy. Elephants and other animals in Serengeti National Park also learn to ignore photo safari vans after repeated safe encounters.
Classical conditioning little Albert's experiment
Under conditioned learning, Little Albert's experiment is popular as experiment performed on human being. The power point presentation provides brief introduction on the Little Albert's Experiment and similar other experinces
Proximate vs ultimate causes of animal behavior
Two broad categories of behaviors are Proximate and Ultimate behaviour. The presentation gives a brief introduction on Proximate and Ultimate causes of behaviour
Population ecology
This document discusses population ecology and population dynamics. It defines key concepts like population size, density, births, deaths, immigration, emigration, natality and mortality. It explains that population ecology studies how populations change over time in terms of these factors. The growth of a population is determined by the equation N=B-D+I-E, where N is population size, B is birth rate, D is death rate, I is immigration, and E is emigration. For a closed population, the growth rate r can be calculated using the equation dN/dt=rN, where r is the intrinsic growth rate.
Histroy of ecology
1) Ecology developed as a field of study over thousands of years, with early concepts found in ancient Hindu and Greek texts from 600 BC and 370 BC.
2) In the 18th and 19th centuries, key thinkers like Linnaeus, Darwin, and Humboldt made important contributions relating to biogeography, natural selection, and interactions between organisms and their environment.
3) The term "ecology" was coined by Ernst Haeckel in 1866, and the field expanded in the 20th century with pioneering work by Shelford, Elton, Tansley, and Eugene Odum on concepts like food webs, ecosystems, and ecosystem ecology.
Laws of limiting factors
This document discusses limiting factors and three laws related to limiting factors:
1. Shelford's Law of Tolerance states that organisms have minimum, maximum, and optimal thresholds for environmental factors that determine their success. Outside the thresholds, survival rates decline.
2. Liebig's Law of the Minimum states that growth is limited not by total resources but by the scarcest resource. Like a barrel limited by its shortest stave, increasing the limiting factor increases growth until a new factor becomes limiting.
3. Blackman's Law of Limiting Factors says that when a process depends on multiple factors, its rate is determined by the slowest factor.
1.a brief introduction to reserach methodlogy
Research involves defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and evaluating data, reaching conclusions, and testing those conclusions. It is a systematic process that requires accurate data collection and adherence to ethical standards. Research aims to generate new knowledge and insights through logical reasoning using both inductive and deductive methods. The purpose of research can be descriptive, explanatory, or exploratory. There are different types of research methodologies including basic vs applied, descriptive vs exploratory, correlational vs explanatory, qualitative vs quantitative, and conceptual vs empirical research.
Stream order
How streams are classified? The most popular measurable terms classifying the flowing water body into "the stream order" are discussed in this presentation. .
Types of water body : Freshwater body
This document describes freshwater biomes and their characteristics. It discusses the two main types of freshwater ecosystems: lentic, which includes still bodies of water like ponds and lakes, and lotic, which includes running water bodies like streams and rivers. It outlines the different biological groups found in aquatic ecosystems, including plankton, nekton, periphyton, neuston, and benthos. It also explains the zones and characteristics of lentic and lotic systems.
Types of water bodies marine water
The document describes the marine biome. It discusses that there are two main types of aquatic biomes: marine water and fresh water. The marine biome is characterized by salt water and is the largest biome. It describes the six major marine ecosystems: (1) open marine, (2) ocean floor, (3) coral reef, (4) estuary, (5) saltwater wetland, and (6) mangrove ecosystems. These ecosystems have unique characteristics and provide habitat for diverse marine species.
Role of melatonin
Melatonin is a hormone that regulates circadian rhythm and is highest at night. It is produced in the pineal gland and retina in response to darkness. The suprachiasmatic nucleus acts as the brain's master clock, regulating melatonin production and sleep-wake cycles. Too little melatonin can cause insomnia while too much is associated with seasonal affective disorder. Exposure to blue light from screens suppresses melatonin. Consuming certain foods and vitamins, avoiding screens before bed, and sleeping in darkness can help boost natural melatonin levels.
Biological rythm
This document discusses biological rhythms, including circadian, circatidal, circalunar, semilunar, and circannual rhythms. It defines biological rhythms as natural cycles in a body's chemicals or functions controlled by an internal clock. The three main properties of biological rhythms are that they have self-sustaining pacemaker mechanisms, maintain normal cyclicity without environmental cues, and are genetically inherited. Examples of biological rhythms discussed include circadian (24-hour), circatidal (twice daily), circalunar (monthly), and circannual (yearly) rhythms exhibited in various animal species' behaviors and life cycles.
Sexual behavior (sexual asymmetry & sexual dimorphism)
The document discusses sexual dimorphism and reproductive strategies in animals. It notes that there is a fundamental asymmetry between males and females, with females producing fewer offspring that require more resources, while males can aim for more offspring. This leads to sexual selection strategies like monogamy, polygyny, and promiscuity. It uses birds as a case study, noting traits like plumage, beaks, weapons, ornaments, and song that have developed through sexual selection. Female birds often choose mates based on traits like bright colors that act as honest signals of health. Fisher's runaway model is discussed as explaining the evolution of attractive but challenging traits that increase sexual differences.
Parental care, and parent-offspring conflict
This document discusses parental care and parent-offspring conflict from an evolutionary perspective. It explains that parental care involves behaviors that increase offspring survival at a cost to the parent's ability to invest in other offspring. While parental care benefits offspring fitness, it limits parental reproduction. This can lead to conflict between parents and offspring over how much care is provided as their interests are not fully aligned. The document outlines Robert Trivers' theory of parent-offspring conflict and how it results from differing relatedness levels between parents, offspring, and siblings.
Mate selection (Mating systems)
This document discusses mate selection strategies in animals. It defines sexual selection as selection arising through variation in mating success, and distinguishes between intra-sexual selection through male-male competition and inter-sexual selection through female choice of males. Different mating systems like monogamy, polygyny, and promiscuity influence the strength of sexual selection and variance in male mating success. Specific mate selection strategies discussed include harem defense polygyny, where males defend territories containing multiple females; lekking polygyny, where males aggregate and compete on leks to display for females; and polyandry in some jacana species, where females mate with and leave eggs with multiple males.
Mate selection: Principles and theories
This document discusses several principles and theories of mate selection, including:
1) Bateman's Principle, which found that males can increase reproductive success through multiple matings while females are limited by the number of offspring they can produce;
2) Fisher's Runaway Model, which proposes that female mate preferences evolve for traits that confer survival advantages to offspring, leading to a runaway process of increasingly exaggerated male traits;
3) Fisher's Sexy Son Hypothesis, which suggests females evolve preferences for males with traits that will benefit their sons' reproductive success;
4) Zahavi's Handicap Hypothesis, where extravagant male traits act as honest signals of genetic quality because only high
More from Surjya Kumar Saikia (20)
Sexual behavior (sexual asymmetry & sexual dimorphism)
Sexual behavior (sexual asymmetry & sexual dimorphism)
Recently uploaded
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Orion Air Quality Monitoring Systems - CWS
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Leaf Initiation, Growth and Differentiation.pdf
Leaf initiation, growth and differentiation, genetic control of leaf development.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptx
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptx
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
Shallowest Oil Discovery of Turkiye.pptx
The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
Recently uploaded (20)
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Lake ecosystem: Chemical factors
- 1. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LAKE DR. SURJYA KUMAR SAIKIA DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY VISVA-BHARATI
- 2. What we will learn……. We will be able to know the major chemical factors of water We will be able to understand how these factors effect the aquatic body We will be able to know the COD and BOD of water
- 3. • The importance of chemical factors is that they play major role and effect the biotic components of lake/water body • Thereby, they directly effect on biological productivity of the lake/water body CHEMICAL FEATURES OF WATER BODY Biotic components Chemical players Productivity
- 5. Dissolved Oxygen Dissolved Oxygen is the amount of gaseous oxygen (O2) dissolved in the water. Oxygen enters the water by direct absorption from the atmosphere, by rapid movement, or as a waste product of plant photosynthesis. It is an important parameter in assessing water quality because of its influence on the organisms living within a body of water. A higher dissolved Oxygen level indicates better water quality.
- 7. Low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) or no oxygen levels (anoxia) can occur when excess organic materials, such as large algal blooms, are decomposed by microorganisms. Researchgate.net Low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) or no oxygen levels (anoxia) affect the biotic communities in a Lake.
- 8. www.fondriest.com Warm and Well Oxygenated water Rapid changes in temperature and oxygen concentration Cold. Oxygen may be high or low Oxygen level is low
- 11. Carbon dioxide • Carbon dioxide content in air is only 0.03%, but it is highly soluble in water unlike oxygen. • CO2 stays in free (dissolved) or bound form (bicarbonate and carbonate) in water depending on the pH of the water. • CO2 + H2O⇌H2CO3⇌H+ + HCO- ⇌H++ CO= 3 3
- 13. pH is defined as a negative decimal logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity in a solution.pH pH pH
- 14. DESIRABLE FOR BIOTIC ORGANISMS
- 15. Carbon Dioxide linked to pH, alkalinity • These aspects of water chemistry are closely linked together. • All these have great bearing on the quality of water and these help determine the productivity of the water body. CO2 pH Alk
- 16. Diurnal fluctuations of pH will occur due to the amount of aquatic life within a pond. With higher algae concentrations, more CO2 is removed from the system and hence pH levels will rise. The reverse will occur at night when more CO2 is produced therefore leading to a drop in pH levels.
- 17. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a measure of the capacity of water to consume oxygen during the decomposition of organic matter and the oxidation of inorganic chemicals such as Ammonia and nitrite. COD is expressed in mg/L Higher COD levels mean a greater amount of oxidizable organic material in the sample, which will reduce dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. A reduction in DO can lead to anaerobic conditions, which is deleterious to higher aquatic life forms. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) The COD test is often used as an alternate to BOD due to shorter length of testing time.
- 18. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is a measure of the oxygen equivalent of the organic matter in a water sample that is susceptible to oxidation by strong chemical oxidant such as dichromate. The concentration of COD in surface water ranges from 20mg/L oxygen or less in unpolluted waters to greater than 200 mg/L (in waters receiving industrial effluents).
- 19. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is an approximate measure of the biochemically degradable organic matter present in the water sample. It is defined as the amount of oxygen required for aerobic microorganisms in a sample to oxidise the organic matter to a stable inorganic form. Unpolluted water typically has BOD value of 2mg/L, but those receiving effluent may have more than 10mg/L.
- 21. What we have learnt….. The Dissolved Oxygen is a significant biotic chemical factor of water. In lake, it changes with the season. The Dissolved Oxygen also changes with the depth and temperature. The Free Carbon di oxide is another player contributing to aquatic body. The pH, Alkalinity, Carbon di oxide or dissolved oxygen combinly effect the water quality. Two of such measurable effects are COD and BOD.