Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They include lakes and ponds, rivers, streams and springs, and wetlands. They can be contrasted with marine ecosystems, which have a larger salt content. This module explains the characteristics of aquatic ecosystems-freshwater ones.
Freshwater Ecosystems include standing water or lentic such as lakes, ponds, marshes and wet lands, and the flowing water or lotic such as spring, streams and rivers. This ecosystem is normally of very low salinity usually between 15 to 30 ppt. They are highly variable and their characteristics depend upon the surrounding geology, land use and pollution levels.
Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They include lakes and ponds, rivers, streams and springs, and wetlands. They can be contrasted with marine ecosystems, which have a larger salt content. This module explains the characteristics of aquatic ecosystems-freshwater ones.
Freshwater Ecosystems include standing water or lentic such as lakes, ponds, marshes and wet lands, and the flowing water or lotic such as spring, streams and rivers. This ecosystem is normally of very low salinity usually between 15 to 30 ppt. They are highly variable and their characteristics depend upon the surrounding geology, land use and pollution levels.
Salinity is one of the environmental factors that influence the growth performance of many fish. Salinity effects have been studied in several species of fish in ponds .
Almost all natural bodies of water bear fish life, the exceptions being very hot thermal ponds and extremely salt-alkaline lakes such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake. The fishes belong to the most numerous and diversified group among vertebrates. They dominate the water bodies of the world through a variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. They have been in existence for more than 450 million years. A total of 24618 species of fishes belonging to 482 families and 4258 genera have so far been described. About 58% of the fish species are marine while 41% are freshwater inhabitants and 1% migrants. In our Indian region alone, there are 2,500 species of which 930 are inhabitants of freshwater and the rest live in the seas. In other words, India harbours 11.5% of the fish fauna so far known in the world. There are over 800 living species of sharks and rays, 30 species of chimaeras and ratfishes, 6 species of lung fishes, 1 species of coelacanths, 36 species of long ray finned bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes. The Neopterygii are the rest of the known species of modem fishes. All these fishes inhabit various niches in the aquatic environment. The diversified habitats of fishes include open oceans, deep oceanic trenches, nearshore waters, saline coastal embayments, brackishwaters, estuaries, intermittent streams, tiny desert springs, vernal pools, cold mountain streams, lakes, ponds, etc.
Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and birds have paired pharyngeal ultimobranchial glands that secrete the hypocalcemic hormone calcitonin. The corpuscles of Stannius, unique glandular islets found only in the kidneys of bony fishes, secrete a peptide called hypocalcin.
Salinity is one of the environmental factors that influence the growth performance of many fish. Salinity effects have been studied in several species of fish in ponds .
Almost all natural bodies of water bear fish life, the exceptions being very hot thermal ponds and extremely salt-alkaline lakes such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake. The fishes belong to the most numerous and diversified group among vertebrates. They dominate the water bodies of the world through a variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. They have been in existence for more than 450 million years. A total of 24618 species of fishes belonging to 482 families and 4258 genera have so far been described. About 58% of the fish species are marine while 41% are freshwater inhabitants and 1% migrants. In our Indian region alone, there are 2,500 species of which 930 are inhabitants of freshwater and the rest live in the seas. In other words, India harbours 11.5% of the fish fauna so far known in the world. There are over 800 living species of sharks and rays, 30 species of chimaeras and ratfishes, 6 species of lung fishes, 1 species of coelacanths, 36 species of long ray finned bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes. The Neopterygii are the rest of the known species of modem fishes. All these fishes inhabit various niches in the aquatic environment. The diversified habitats of fishes include open oceans, deep oceanic trenches, nearshore waters, saline coastal embayments, brackishwaters, estuaries, intermittent streams, tiny desert springs, vernal pools, cold mountain streams, lakes, ponds, etc.
Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and birds have paired pharyngeal ultimobranchial glands that secrete the hypocalcemic hormone calcitonin. The corpuscles of Stannius, unique glandular islets found only in the kidneys of bony fishes, secrete a peptide called hypocalcin.
An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water mixes with fresh water. This module highlights the details of estuaries as one of the productive coastal ecosystems.
in this power point i have given the overview of freshwater ecosystem and covered mainly three type of ecosystem i.e lentic ecosystem, lotic ecosystem and wetlands.
Lakes are helpful in controlling weather and local climate. Lakes are helpful for creating irrigation facilities and recreation. In some places, lakes are good sources for water supply for drinking. Every lake, is unique in terms of its size, morphometry, water availability, water chemistry, physics, hydrology and biology. There are several type, kinds and categories of lakes in the world.
This is part of the educational series that http://schools.indiawaterportal.org has introduced. This presentation is aimed at allowing the teaching and parent community to explain the existing and potential problems of water mismanagement in our world. This is part of the creative common license
Under conditioned learning, Little Albert's experiment is popular as experiment performed on human being. The power point presentation provides brief introduction on the Little Albert's Experiment and similar other experinces
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How streams are classified? The most popular measurable terms classifying the flowing water body into "the stream order" are discussed in this presentation. .
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
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Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
2. Objectives
1)To provide a description of major
freshwater aquatic ecosystems of the world
2)To know different principle characteristics,
types and nature of freshwater aquatic
ecosystems.
3)To name types of freshwater ecosystem,
and describe how they differ from one
another
4. • The water of ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers,
icebergs, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams,
and groundwater are freshwater because these
water bodies characterized by having a low
concentration of salt and other dissolved solids.
FRESHWATER BIOMES
• It makes up only 0.01% of the worlds water and
approximately 0.08%of earth’ssurface
• Haveasalt concentration of lessthan1%
• CoversPonds,lakesstreams and rivers
7. 2. Nekton
- stronger swimming species
that are capable of swimming
between current system
- actively-swimming
organisms that swim against
the water currents at their
will
8. 3. Benthos
- Organisms that live on
the bottom of, on solid
surfaces of, or on other
substrata in aquatic and
marine ecosystems
9. 4. Periphyton
- Organisms (such as some
algae) that live attached to
underwater surfaces
- A mixture of autotrophic
and heterotrophic
microorganisms
10. 5. Neuston
- Organisms resting or
swimming in the surface
- float on the top of water
(epineuston) or live just
below the surface
(hyponeuston). Water strider
12. Twodistinct categories of Freshwater Ecosystem
1. Lentic System
-Calm water
-includes Lakes
and ponds
2. Lotic System
-Running water
-It includes
streams and
rivers
Pickpik.com
flickr.com
13. Lentic Systems
Lentic ecosystem are also called the
lacustrine ecosystem or the still water ecosystem)
This includes all non-flowing water bodies such as
ponds, swamps, bogs, lagoons, lakes and so on. It
also includes wetlands (areas of land that get
covered with water periodically).
Lentic ecosystems usually do not have a source, as
they form in places where the groundwater
reaches the earth's surface.
14. Ponds are generally
smaller than lakes and
shallow enough for
sunlight to reach all the
way to the bottom.
In lakes, at least some of the
water is too deep for sunlight to
penetrate. As a result, like the
ocean, lakes can be divided into
zones based on availability of
sunlight for producers.
A mountain
pond
A pond
PONDS AND LAKES
15. DIFFERENTZONESINLENTICSYSTEM
Littoral zone
- shoreline, shallow water region
withlight penetrating up to
bottom with rooted plants
Limnetic
- open water zoneto depth of
effectivelight penetration
Profundal
- bottom anddeep water area
beyond effective light
penetration ( absent in ponds)
16. Courtesy: Vermont Department of
Environmental Conservation*
Courtesy: mltnews.com*
*Used only for educational purpose
17. WETLANDS
•
Wetlands are areas of
standing water that
support aquatic plants
Many species of
amphibians, reptiles,
birds (such asducks and
waders), and fur bearers
can be found in the
wetlands
•
WETLANDASLENTICSYSTEM
18. Lotic Systems
The term lotic represents running water, where the entire
body of water moves in a definite direction
These may comprise brooks, streams, rivers and springs.
In the lotic habitats, the water moves continually in one
direction. The lotic bodies have water sources.
Pixabay.com
19. Two major types of Lotic systems
Rivers
• River forms from water moving from a higher
elevation to a lower elevation, all due to gravity
Streams
• A stream is a body of water that flows from higher
elevation to lower elevation, comparatively
smaller than river.
Creek is a shallow stream of water
20. StreamsandRivers
Theseare bodies of
flowing water moving in
one direction and has
higher oxygen levels
Abiotic features of rivers
and streams vary along
the length of the river or
stream.
Based on origin, these are
classified as river order or
stream order.
LOTICSYSTEM
21. Zones in Lotic Ecosystem
www.pbslearningmedia.org
This slide is used only for academic purpose
22. What we have learnt….
1) Biological groups of water bodies are plankton, nekton,
Periphyton, Neuston and benthos.
2) There are two distinct groups of freshwater ecosystems- (a)
Lotic Ecosystem and (b) Lentic Ecosystem
3) Every freshwater ecosystem has its own divisions and
characteristic features.
