The document provides information about bones and movement: 1) It defines different types of movement like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction and provides examples. 2) It explains the importance of flexibility for healthy joints and injury prevention, noting diet, exercise, and flexibility work can increase flexibility. 3) It discusses the four types of joints - ball and socket, hinge, pivot, and gliding - and their roles in different movements.

1. BONES H/W = 1)Draw out a long bone, and label the parts 2) What role does this do in the long bone? A) Cartilage b) red marrow c) the periosteum 3) Why do we need calcium in our diet? 4) What is ossification?

4. The composition of a typical adult long bone

13. The vertebral column H/W=

14. Introduction

16. Parts of a vertebra

17. Atlas and axis Atlas axis

28. Different kinds of joints HW= Find a picture of a fixed, slightly moveable, and freely moveable joint. Give a description of how they work and their main function.

37. Knee joint from the side

42. Synovial joints

54. Joints and movement: a summary A little movement in all directions (no bending or circular motions) gliding Only rotation Pivot Flexion and extension Hinge Flexion and extension Abduction and adduction Ball-and-socket MOVEMENT ALLOWED TYPE OF JOINT

56. Movement

61. Abduction and adduction Imagine a line drawn down the centre of your body. Abduction is a sideways movement of a limb, out from the centre line. Adduction is the sideways movement, like this, towards and even across the centre line. (A dd uction is towards the mi dd le!) This karate kick is an example of abduction. Can you think of another example from tennis? Or gymnastics?

63. Rotation and circumduction Rotation is a turning movement around an imaginary line, like a wheel turning on its axis. Turning your head is an example. This backwards walkover is another example. The girls body is rotating like a wheel on an imaginary axis. In circumduction, the end of the bone moves in a circle. Swinging your arms in a circle is an example. Bowlers do it!