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Secondary Two
Topic: Bones and Joints
Sub Topic: Joints and
Movements
• Students will be able to:
• understand what is a joint;
• name the 3 types of joints;
• name the 2 main causes of joint injuries.
• Fixed / Immoveable joints
• Slightly moveable joints
• Freely moveable joints
• Ligaments
• Joint cavity
• Synovial membrane
• One conversation
• No sleeping
• Putting of palm on whiteboard
• Class too noisy and need to quieten
down
WHAT IS JOINTS?
Do you remember…
 How many bones do we have in our body?
◦ 206 bones
Between connecting bones…
 The bones connected together by
ligaments (strong fibres)
 The area where two or more bones
meet is called a joint
Ligament
Joint
Types of Joints
 There are 3 types of joints
◦ Fixed / Immoveable joints
◦ Slightly moveable joints
◦ Freely moveable joints
FIXED / IMMOVEABLE
JOINTS
Types of joints
Fixed or Immoveable Joints
 Also known as fibrous joints
 Joints with very tough fibre to prevent
movement between the connecting bones
 Can you think of any immoveable joints?
Fixed joints
Fixed or Immoveable Joints
 Why would we want immoveable
joints?
◦ Eg. Skull (cranium)
◦ Babies are borned with the plates in the
cranium not joined together
◦ Facilitates birth / delivery
◦ The plates are joined after birth to provide
protection for the brain
SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE
JOINTS
Types of joints
Slightly Moveable Joints
 Also known as cartilaginous joints
 Allow very small amount of movement
 Joints are connected by cartilage
 Can you name some slightly
moveable joints?
Slightly Moveable Joints
Cartilage pad
Joint between
each vertebrae
Joint between
ribs and
sternum
Slightly Moveable Joints
 The connecting cartilage acts as a
cushioning layer (shock absorber)
between the bones
 The bones serves largely as protective
layer for important parts of the body
 But allows slight movement to
facilitate day-to-day actions
◦ Eg. Bending of back, breathing
FREELY MOVEABLE
JOINTS
Types of joints
Freely Moveable Joints
 More commonly known as synovial
joints
 Allow a large degree of movement
 Exist 4 different types which allow
different kind of movement
◦ Ball and socket
◦ Hinge
◦ Pivot
◦ Gliding
Covering in next lesson
Freely Moveable Joints
 A typical freely moveable joint looks
like this:
Freely Moveable Joints
 Parts of the typical moveable joint
include:
Freely Moveable Joints
 The functions of the various parts of a freely
moveable joint are as follow:
Freely Moveable Joints
 Can you name 5 examples?
Trivia…
◦ Bones pulled further
apart
◦ Expansion of the
synovial membrane
◦ Results in temporary
expansion of synovial
cavity
◦ Increase volume =
decrease pressure
◦ Cavitation (formation of
air bubbles)
◦ When pressure over-
reduced, the bubbles
burst, thus the “CRACK”
sound
◦ Not medically proven to
 What happens when you crack your knuckles
(joints at the finger)?
JOINT INJURIES
Joint Injuries
 Joint injuries come in few forms:
◦ Bone injuries
 Wear and tear
 Impact
◦ Ligament injuries
 Most common joint injuries happened
on
◦ Knee
◦ Ankle
Our Knee
 Three bone meet at the knee joint
◦ Femur (thigh bone)
◦ Tibia (shin bone)
◦ Patella (knee cap)
Our Knee
 Other components of knee joint
◦ Articular cartilage – Protects end part of femur
and tibia.
◦ Meniscus – Additional cartilage material between
femur and tibia for shock absorption
◦ Ligaments – Strong fibres holding femur and tibia
together
Knee Injuries
 Articular cartilage wear and tear at the
knee
Knee Injuries
 Meniscus tear – Happens when
there’s sudden movement of twisting,
pivoting, or being tackled
Knee Injuries
 Wear and tear of cartilage due to
heavy weight
Other Joint Injuries
 More joint and bone related injuries
will be covered in the later part of the
term
Lets Recap
• Fixed / Immoveable joints
• Slightly moveable joints
• Freely moveable joints
• Ligaments
• Joint cavity
• Synovial membrane

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5.4 different kinds of joints

  • 1. Secondary Two Topic: Bones and Joints Sub Topic: Joints and Movements
  • 2. • Students will be able to: • understand what is a joint; • name the 3 types of joints; • name the 2 main causes of joint injuries.
  • 3. • Fixed / Immoveable joints • Slightly moveable joints • Freely moveable joints • Ligaments • Joint cavity • Synovial membrane
  • 4. • One conversation • No sleeping • Putting of palm on whiteboard • Class too noisy and need to quieten down
  • 6. Do you remember…  How many bones do we have in our body? ◦ 206 bones
  • 7. Between connecting bones…  The bones connected together by ligaments (strong fibres)  The area where two or more bones meet is called a joint Ligament Joint
  • 8. Types of Joints  There are 3 types of joints ◦ Fixed / Immoveable joints ◦ Slightly moveable joints ◦ Freely moveable joints
  • 10. Fixed or Immoveable Joints  Also known as fibrous joints  Joints with very tough fibre to prevent movement between the connecting bones  Can you think of any immoveable joints? Fixed joints
  • 11. Fixed or Immoveable Joints  Why would we want immoveable joints? ◦ Eg. Skull (cranium) ◦ Babies are borned with the plates in the cranium not joined together ◦ Facilitates birth / delivery ◦ The plates are joined after birth to provide protection for the brain
  • 13. Slightly Moveable Joints  Also known as cartilaginous joints  Allow very small amount of movement  Joints are connected by cartilage  Can you name some slightly moveable joints?
  • 14. Slightly Moveable Joints Cartilage pad Joint between each vertebrae Joint between ribs and sternum
  • 15. Slightly Moveable Joints  The connecting cartilage acts as a cushioning layer (shock absorber) between the bones  The bones serves largely as protective layer for important parts of the body  But allows slight movement to facilitate day-to-day actions ◦ Eg. Bending of back, breathing
  • 17. Freely Moveable Joints  More commonly known as synovial joints  Allow a large degree of movement  Exist 4 different types which allow different kind of movement ◦ Ball and socket ◦ Hinge ◦ Pivot ◦ Gliding Covering in next lesson
  • 18. Freely Moveable Joints  A typical freely moveable joint looks like this:
  • 19. Freely Moveable Joints  Parts of the typical moveable joint include:
  • 20. Freely Moveable Joints  The functions of the various parts of a freely moveable joint are as follow:
  • 21. Freely Moveable Joints  Can you name 5 examples?
  • 22. Trivia… ◦ Bones pulled further apart ◦ Expansion of the synovial membrane ◦ Results in temporary expansion of synovial cavity ◦ Increase volume = decrease pressure ◦ Cavitation (formation of air bubbles) ◦ When pressure over- reduced, the bubbles burst, thus the “CRACK” sound ◦ Not medically proven to  What happens when you crack your knuckles (joints at the finger)?
  • 24. Joint Injuries  Joint injuries come in few forms: ◦ Bone injuries  Wear and tear  Impact ◦ Ligament injuries  Most common joint injuries happened on ◦ Knee ◦ Ankle
  • 25. Our Knee  Three bone meet at the knee joint ◦ Femur (thigh bone) ◦ Tibia (shin bone) ◦ Patella (knee cap)
  • 26. Our Knee  Other components of knee joint ◦ Articular cartilage – Protects end part of femur and tibia. ◦ Meniscus – Additional cartilage material between femur and tibia for shock absorption ◦ Ligaments – Strong fibres holding femur and tibia together
  • 27. Knee Injuries  Articular cartilage wear and tear at the knee
  • 28. Knee Injuries  Meniscus tear – Happens when there’s sudden movement of twisting, pivoting, or being tackled
  • 29. Knee Injuries  Wear and tear of cartilage due to heavy weight
  • 30. Other Joint Injuries  More joint and bone related injuries will be covered in the later part of the term
  • 31. Lets Recap • Fixed / Immoveable joints • Slightly moveable joints • Freely moveable joints • Ligaments • Joint cavity • Synovial membrane

Editor's Notes

  1. For the teachers only: The process of the formation of bone cells in fetus is known as (primary) ossification. It is the degeneration of the cartilage.