L4 risks of water supply
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Here is a possible 10 mark response to the question: The need for water can create significant tension and conflict for several key reasons: Firstly, water is essential for life - it is needed for drinking, sanitation, agriculture and many other daily activities. Where water supplies are limited or uncertain, this puts pressure on access to the resource. Populations and their needs are growing, but water supplies are finite. This mismatch between demand and supply lays the foundations for potential disputes. Secondly, many of the world's major river basins and aquifers cross international borders, so water resources are often shared between countries. This can make management and allocation extremely challenging. Upstream countries may control flows downstream, and different priorities
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Here are some key points you could include in your letter:
- The scale of flooding is immense, with over 60% of the country underwater. Millions of homes and livelihoods destroyed.
- The suffering is hard to witness - people stranded without food or clean water, disease spreading rapidly. I helped distribute supplies but the need is overwhelming.
- The long term impacts will be severe - crops ruined, infrastructure damaged. Recovery will take years. Many will remain in poverty.
- While flooding is annual, the damage seems to get worse. Some blame factors like deforestation or dams upstream. Climate change may make the situation even worse.
- The government and aid groups are working hard on responses.
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- The long term impacts will be severe - crops ruined, infrastructure damaged. Recovery will take years. Many will remain in poverty.
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- The government and aid groups are working hard on responses.
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Water shortages are expected to increase significantly in the coming decades due to disappearing glaciers and decreased water supplies. This will likely lead to conflicts between countries over limited water resources, as seen historically in the Middle East and North Africa. Access to water and sea routes have also motivated wars in the past, such as the War of the Pacific where Chile gained territory and resources from Bolivia and Peru. As water is essential for life, disputes over this critical resource will continue to impact global stability and security.
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Dams have several ecological impacts:
1. They can spread diseases by creating habitats for disease-carrying animals like mosquitoes and snails.
2. They often require resettlement of nearby populations, disrupting communities and livelihoods.
3. Dams block sediment flow and damage aquatic ecosystems downstream by preventing nutrient transport.
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World Rivers Day: Environmental Challenges and Geopolitical Implications
This article emphasizes the vital role of rivers as the lifeblood of our planet, highlighting their provision of freshwater, support for ecosystems, and essential resources while underscoring the imminent threat of pollution. It introduces World Rivers Day, a global event celebrated annually on the fourth Sunday of September, dedicated to raising awareness about rivers' global significance and advocating for better stewardship.
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Please visit this very link for Historical News based on Geopolitical viewpoints and rest of this article, https://www.timeprinternews.com
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water scarcity
Water scarcity is a major global challenge caused by uneven distribution of water resources and rising population. The problem stems from both physical water scarcity due to lack of water sources as well as economic scarcity from poor water management. As population and industrial use increase, stress on water resources grows. Solutions require improved conservation efforts like desalination as well as cooperation between countries on shared water resources. Without concerted global action, the water crisis threatens to worsen health, development and ecosystems.
Water as a finite resource, Water Resource Management
Water is a finite resource that is unevenly distributed around the world. While the total amount of water on Earth remains constant, only a small portion is readily available for human use. Many regions and countries are facing water scarcity as populations grow and water supplies are overextracted, polluted, or diminished. To address the global water crisis, more efficient irrigation techniques, wastewater recycling, watershed protection, and other conservation methods need to be implemented.
International Water Disputes
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Africa Water Atlas_PPT
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Ajay5
This document summarizes the key issues around water supply and sanitation in India. It notes that a team led by Mr. Ajay Kumar Keshari prepared the report. The main problems are identified as lack of access to water and sanitation in both rural and urban areas, poor water quality due to contamination, low cultural prioritization of hygiene, lack of education on sanitation, and poverty exacerbating all other issues. Coverage of water supply and sanitation remains inadequate in both rural and urban regions of India.
Mun water briefing
The document discusses several key issues related to water security:
1) More than 1 billion people lack access to clean drinking water and over 2.6 billion lack adequate sanitation, posing major health risks. Water scarcity is often due to poverty, inequality and poor governance rather than availability.
2) Population growth and increased industrial/agricultural demand are exacerbating water stresses, especially transboundary tensions over rivers like the Tigris/Euphrates.
3) Regional cooperation over water management, such as the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty, can mitigate conflicts, but many areas still lack adequate legal frameworks for cooperation.
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L3 water supply problems
Different countries face varying water supply problems based on factors like population density, rainfall levels, and infrastructure development. In the UK, imbalanced rainfall and an aging system challenge water access, while developing nations commonly struggle with untreated water, pollution, and low annual precipitation. The lesson explores how population maps, rainfall charts, and development levels relate to these international differences in water issues.
L2 consumption patterns
There are differences in water consumption between developed and developing countries. Developing countries use a high percentage of water for agriculture, around 88%, due to inefficient irrigation systems and widespread subsistence farming. Their water usage for industry is low at 2% as there is little large-scale manufacturing. Developed countries have a lower agricultural water usage rate of 9% as they employ modern irrigation techniques. Their industry water usage is high at 79% to support extensive manufacturing activities. Domestic water usage makes up 12% in developed nations but is rising in developing nations where access to piped water is limited.
L1 variety in supply ap
Freshwater availability varies globally due to its uneven distribution and factors like population growth, climate change, and development levels that impact supply and demand. Aquifers underground store freshwater, but some are being drained faster than replenished. While three percent of water is fresh, two thirds is frozen and one percent is available for human use.
L6 developing world cs
China faces significant challenges with sustainable water management due to having only 7% of the world's freshwater resources but over 19.5% of the global population. To address this, China is taking several steps including implementing more efficient irrigation techniques for agriculture, building new reservoirs and water transfer projects, treating more wastewater, and raising public awareness of water conservation issues.
L5 fresh water supply
The document discusses sustainable management and use of water. Over 80 million more people are added to the global population each year, placing increasing demands on water resources. Agriculture and increasing meat consumption in countries like China also impact water usage. Two million tons of human waste is dumped into rivers daily. Individuals can help by planting drought-tolerant plants and using water-efficient appliances. Organizations in places like Las Vegas recycle water from hotels through advanced filtration systems. The government implements initiatives around limiting outdoor watering and pricing to encourage conservation.
L4 attitudes and desal ap
1. Las Vegas gets 90% of its water from Lake Mead, but over the last 10 years the water level has dropped by half. One solution is to build a 500km pipeline to transfer water to the city.
2. Desalination is a technology that can resolve water shortages by removing salt from seawater to make it suitable for drinking. It involves reverse osmosis, where pressure is used to squeeze water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane, leaving salt behind. It is commonly used in dry, coastal regions like Spain, Australia, and Saudi Arabia.
3. Desalination has pros like providing a reliable water source, but cons such as high financial and energy costs.
L1 ap classification, exploitation and changes
The document defines and classifies natural resources. It distinguishes between biotic factors like living organisms and abiotic factors like non-living things. Resources are also classified as renewable like solar energy or non-renewable like fossil fuels. Humans exploit resources through activities like overgrazing, overfishing, deforestation, and overusing water. This causes changes like soil erosion, declining fish populations, loss of biodiversity, and depleted aquifers. Humans also exploit energy resources but burning fossil fuels pollutes the environment and contributes to issues like acid rain.
L2b uk distribution
This document provides information about the distribution of natural resources across the United Kingdom. It discusses the variety of soils and how they support different types of farming in different regions. It also outlines where forestry, fossil fuels, water supply and minerals are located in the UK, noting that forestry is concentrated in the north and west, coal was historically mined in places like South Wales, oil and gas come from offshore fields in the North Sea, and minerals are extracted from both land and under the sea.
Resource use and consumption
This document discusses global patterns of food, energy, and water use. It notes that developed countries consume far more resources per person than developing nations. For example, the average North American consumes around 90kg of resources daily compared to just 10kg for the average African. While the world produces enough food overall, it is unevenly distributed, leading to both obesity and famine. Developed nations like the U.S. consume a disproportionate amount of the world's energy and water resources despite having a small percentage of the global population. Patterns of consumption depend on development level and resource availability within each country.
L2a resource distribution
Global natural resources are distributed unevenly around the world based on climate and geography. Soil quality and types determine agricultural productivity and are best in areas with brown forest soil. Approximately 40% of Earth's surface is used for farming. Forests cover 30% of land, with concentration in Brazil, Canada, and the US. Fossil fuel reserves are highest in the Middle East, Venezuela, Canada, and Russia. Rock and mineral deposits are found worldwide, with certain areas rich in resources like diamonds, iron ore, or precious metals depending on their geological history. Water sources include rivers, rainfall, and desalination, but some populations face future shortages due to climate change and increasing demand. The distribution of these vital natural
L1 variety in supply ap
Freshwater availability varies globally due to its uneven distribution and factors like population growth, climate change, and development levels that impact supply and demand. Aquifers underground store freshwater, but some are being drained faster than replenished. While three percent of water is fresh, most is locked in ice or far from population centers.
L1 mexico city
Mexico City is located in central Mexico within the Valley of Mexico. Globally, it is situated in North America, while regionally it lies near the country's borders with the United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico City serves as the capital and largest city of Mexico. The urban structure of Mexico City consists of a central business district surrounded by inner city, suburbs, and an urban rural fringe. Land use varies across these zones from services and high-cost housing in the center to informal settlements at the urban periphery.
L1 ap urbanisation over past 50 years
Over the past 50 years, developed countries experienced slowing urbanization while emerging and developing countries underwent rapid urbanization. Globally, more people now live in urban rather than rural areas, as shown by satellite images of the lit-up world at night. Urbanization increased in emerging and developing nations due to factors like industrialization, rural to urban migration, and economic development.
Inequality in mexico
1. There is significant inequality between the rich and poor in Mexico City. The poor often earn just enough to survive and cannot save, while many work in the informal sector without taxes or protections.
2. The poor typically live in crowded areas on the outskirts of the city that lack basic services, while the rich occupy wealthier neighborhoods near the center with amenities. Income, rural migration, political influence, and long work hours contribute to the differences in quality of life.
3. The main reasons for inequality are that the poor earn low and unstable incomes; many migrate from rural areas with nothing; the rich have more political power; and the poor often work longer hours.
Ap urban growth mexico
Mexico City's population has grown quickly due to rural-to-urban migration as people leave tough rural living for more economic opportunities in the city. This migration has been caused by both national and international factors as companies open new factories near Mexico City, drawing more people. Impacts of migration on Mexico City include the creation of ethnic enclaves, pressure on housing as migrants settle both near the city center and on the outskirts, and services straining to support Mexico City's young and growing population.
Ap solving mexico city problems
This document discusses different strategies for improving cities, specifically in Mexico City. It outlines top-down and bottom-up approaches.
The top-down approach involves large-scale developments led by the government, where officials make the major decisions. Examples given include a housing agency that provided millions of mortgages and private developers building large identical housing developments. Issues arose from a lack of infrastructure to support the new housing.
The bottom-up example provided is of Neza, a squatter settlement whose residents organized to gain land ownership. They raised funds collectively for schools and utilities. This led to a thriving community with less crime than other parts of Mexico City.
The document asks the reader to consider the advantages and
Lesson 7 ap sustainable cities
This document discusses ways that Birmingham, England works to make urban living more sustainable and improve quality of life. It defines sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs, often considering social, economic, and environmental aspects of city living. The document outlines an activity for students where they will research in groups how Birmingham specifically addresses issues like recycling, employment, education, health, transport, affordable housing, and energy-efficient housing to promote sustainability.
Lesson 6 retail changes ap
The document summarizes the major changes in retailing that have impacted Birmingham over recent decades:
1. In the 1800s, suburbanization occurred as people moved from the crowded, polluted city center to spacious suburbs.
2. In the 1870s, industry began relocating from city centers to the suburbs.
3. In the 1980s, out-of-town shopping centers like Merry Hill opened, taking 12% of the city center's trade and offering free parking and large retailers.
4. Birmingham's city center fought back through redevelopments like the Bull Ring and Grand Central that improved pedestrian access and amenities.
5. Internet shopping has grown to 15% of
Lesson 5 inequality ap
The document discusses inequality within the city of Birmingham. It notes that while some areas like Moseley and Edgbaston have been commended for their quality of life, other inner-city areas suffer from multiple deprivation and economic decline related to the loss of manufacturing jobs. Deprived areas are identified using indices that measure factors like unemployment, income, health, education, and crime. The causes of inequality in Birmingham stem from deindustrialization that led to high unemployment and less money circulating in inner cities, creating a downward spiral of decline, while newer suburban areas benefit from positive economic multipliers.
L3b ap b'ham popn
Birmingham's population has experienced significant growth and changes since 1825.
1) Birmingham's population grew rapidly in the 19th century during the Industrial Revolution as people moved to the city for work in new industries.
2) The population peaked at around 1.15 million in 1950 before declining between 1950 and 2000 during a period of deindustrialization and globalization that closed factories and increased unemployment.
3) Since 2000, Birmingham's population has grown again due to new developments like the Bull Ring and improved transport links like High Speed 2 rail.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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L4 risks of water supply
- 1. Name the country 1. Columbia 2. Ecuador 3. Brazil 4. Chile 5. Argentina 1 3 2 4 5
- 2. When I was away - Water supply problems How do irrigation programmes effect human welfare and economic growth?
- 3. Water Supply Problems • Secure water supplies are essential to life and economic growth. • It supports irrigation, food production and energy generation. • However water supplies need to be carefully managed to prevent negative impacts on human welfare and economic growth
- 4. Aral Sea
- 6. Trans-boundary issues • UK annual rainfall • Imagine what would happen if the UK split into a eastern and western half?
- 7. Water Conflicts • When demand for water overtakes supply there is the potential for conflict. • Competing demands for irrigation, power generation, domestic use, recreation and conservation can also create tension both between and within countries. • Conflict is more likely in developing nations where water is vital to feed struggling growing populations and promote industrial development.
- 8. Example: USA – inter-regional issues Question of miss-match between precipitation and usage 1 2 1 2
- 9. Water Conflicts • The UN estimate that there is potential for over 300 water conflicts around the world, as rivers, lakes and aquifers struggle to provide sufficient supplies for neighbouring countries. • Politicians and map makers have not helped as boundaries and boarders do not fit with river catchments.
- 10. Increasing conflict in transboundary hotspots The Murray / Darling basins. Salinisation of farmland, drought – area produces three-quarters of Australia's irrigated crops. Mexico City is now at serious risk of running out of clean water. 40% of the city's water is lost through leaky pipes built at the turn of the century. The Zambezi river basin in southern Africa is one of the most overused river systems in the world. Mali is dependent on the river Niger, which flows from Guinea through Mali to Nigeria. Long stretches of the river are now facing environmental catastrophe as a result of pollution. Catalonia, where authorities are pressing for the construction of a pipeline to divert water from the Rhone in France to Barcelona, plus diversion of the Ebro to the south Yellow River - All three rivers feeding China's Northern Plain are severely polluted, damaging health and limiting irrigation. The Ganges is so depleted that the Sundarban wetlands and mangrove forests of Bangladesh are seriously threatened. Between 1962 and 1994, the level of the Aral Sea fell by 16 metres. Major tensions over the River Jordan and River Litani and the aquifers under Israel and Palestine Dams building along the Euphrates and Tigris is a source of conflict in the Middle East.
- 12. Trans-boundary water Conflicts • Approximately 40% of the world’s population lives in river and lake catchments that fall across two or more countries, and over 90 % live in countries that share basins. • About 2 billion people worldwide depend on groundwater, which includes approximately 300 trans boundary aquifer systems.
- 13. Trans-boundary water Conflicts • The trans boundary basins and aquifers link populations of different countries and support the incomes and livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people worldwide
- 14. Agriculture will be the future biggest demand • A big concern is that shortages in water will intensify the already rising trend of global food prices. • This is linked to climate change and changes in the predictability of supply, i.e. the rainfall patterns.
- 15. Case studies
- 16. Your Turn - Research • From the table below choose ONE issue and produce a one sided fact file on the case study. These can then be shared with the rest of the class. Try to include a map Location Reason for conflict / pressure point Tigris – Euphrates Turkeys GAP project will take a lot of water before it goes downstream and Syria also building dams along the river. Ganges – Brahaputra Faraka barrage has reduced flow into Bangladesh from India Colorado Basin Different states demand different uses and therefore volumes of water from the river. (WITHIN) Nile Basin Varied use of water by different countries effecting the flow. Danube Flows through 17 different countries and provides drinking water for 10million people. How do you manage it? Murray Darling Basin Huge issues in Australia of over abstraction by farmers in NSW along the river
- 17. Murray Darling Water Conflict
- 18. India and Bangladesh water tension Video • 54 rivers shared between the countries. • Indian Government control the flow of the Teesta River. • 315km in India
- 19. Question • How can the need for water create tension and conflict? (10)