GCSE Geography edexcel cities

1. Inequality in Birmingham

2. What does this show?

3. What does this show?
• Moseley in south-east Birmingham was
this year named the best place in the UK
for city living by the Sunday Times.
Judges commended its “village
community”
• Edgbaston is known for its leafy, winding
roads and large houses. The suburb
includes the University of Birmingham
campus and the botanical gardens.
• Although part of Birmingham, the royal
town of Sutton Coldfield feels like a
destination in its own right. It has a direct
rail link to the city centre and dominates
the list of the West Midlands’ top 10
most expensive roads.
• Kings Heath has a bustling high
street. There’s a popular monthly
street food market. Kings Heath
and Highbury parks add great
swathes of greenery to the city.
• Bournville model village was
designed to house workers at
the Cadbury chocolate factory.
Beauty abounds in its tree-lined
streets.
Where would you
live?

4. Key word:
• Deprivation: is a standard of living below that of the majority
in a particular area. It basically refers to a poor living
standard.

5. What does deprivation look like?
How can you
tell this area
is deprived?
How could
you measure
it?

6. The English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2015

7. • Map

8. Where are some of the most
deprived in Birmingham?
• Use the map to
describe any patter
you can see

10. • Think back to last lesson
What caused deprivation in
Birmingham?
The majority of this deprivation is the
result of the decline in manufacturing
industries and the flight of industry
away from both inner-city and suburban
sites in Birmingham.
This lead to the spiral of decline …

11. SPIRAL OF DECLINE
High
unemployment
People have more time and less money and
fewer opportunities.
Less taxes and business
rates are paid to the local
council.
The local council invests
less in housing, roads and
education.
Young people leave
school with fewer
qualifications.
Petty crime
often
increases.
Manufacturing
industries close due
to cheaper imports
of raw materials
People have less money
to spend on goods and
services.

12. Positive multiplier effect
New Industry
Jobs provided
Local business
improves for
shops
More money
comes into
the area
Services
improve
House prices
rise
More people
move into the
area

13. The Causes of Inequality
First, what is inequality?
Inequality means extreme differences between poverty and
wealth, as well as in peoples' quality of life and access to things
like jobs, housing and education.
Often people who live in inner-city areas experience a poor
quality of life.
Quality of life means the degree of well-being felt by a person.
This is because the inner-city is typically a zone with older
housing and declining industry.

14. Differences in the quality of
life within Birmingham
• Older generations in inner city areas suffer
from multiple deprivation and spiral of
decline (e.g. ……………………………………..)
• Newer commuting areas of Birmingham (e.g.
…………………………………..) are prosperous and
benefit from the positive multiple effect.
• p165
• A case of the ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ living
very close to each other. Mainly tied up with
the historical background of the area.

15. Your turn
• Draw a map of Birmingham and label two
contrasting areas in Birmingham
• Explain why they are like they are (in terms
of deprivation)