L3.ap longshore drift and deposition
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•2,542 views
The document summarizes various coastal erosion processes that shape coastlines: 1) Attrition occurs as waves carry rocks that knock against each other, breaking them down into smaller pieces over time. 2) Abrasion involves the dissolving of limestone by carbonic acid in seawater and the expansion of salt crystals in the rock causing it to disintegrate. 3) Hydraulic action is the wearing away of cliffs by sand, shingle and boulders hurled against them powerfully by wave action.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Coastal Process of Erosion and Deposition
The document discusses various coastal landforms created by erosion and deposition processes. It explains that waves break as they approach land due to increased friction. Swash carries water up the beach while backwash carries it down. Larger waves in the southwest are due to greater wind fetch. Cliffs and wave-cut platforms form through erosion processes like abrasion. Caves, arches, stacks and stumps also form through erosion. Beaches form in sheltered areas due to stronger swash depositing sediment. Spits and bars form through longshore drift depositing sediment. Tombolos connect landmasses.
8. spits and bars
Spits and bars are depositional coastal landforms formed by processes such as longshore drift. A spit is a depositional landform that extends from the shore out to sea, often curved in shape due to opposing winds and currents. A bar occurs where a spit grows across a bay, enclosing the bay to form a lagoon, or forms offshore due to breaking waves. Longshore drift transports sediment along the coast and causes deposition of material in certain areas, gradually building up spits and bars.
coastal erosion
This document discusses coastal erosion and mechanisms. It defines coastal terminology and describes the various agents that affect coastal erosion, including wind, waves, tides, and currents. It also examines the erosional and depositional landforms created by coastal processes, such as headlands, sea stacks, beaches, and barrier islands. Additionally, it covers the concepts of coastal erosion, longshore drift, and coastal deposition. The effects of coastal erosion are also addressed, as well as the importance of understanding coastal dynamics and implementing mitigation strategies to reduce erosion.
Formation of coastline
The document summarizes the formation and types of coastlines. It defines a coastline as the boundary where land meets the sea. Coastlines are formed through the erosion and deposition actions of waves, tides, currents and other marine processes on sediments and rocks. Major coastal landforms include beaches formed from sediment deposition, as well as erosional features like sea cliffs, wave-cut platforms, sea stacks and sea arches formed through wave erosion. Coastlines are classified based on their dominant formation processes into primary coastlines formed through terrestrial processes and secondary coastlines formed through marine erosion and deposition.
Sea Leve Rise: An Overview
The document discusses sea level rise predictions for the Bay Area. It finds that global sea level is rising due to thermal expansion and melting ice sheets and glaciers. The Bay Area is experiencing higher localized sea levels from factors like tides, storms, and El Nino events. Models project 1.4 meters of sea level rise for the Bay Area by 2100, which will significantly increase flooding risks and inundate developed coastal areas. Environmental and social impacts include loss of wetlands and risks to coastal communities.
waves and tides
Waves and tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. There are different types of waves including wind waves and tsunamis. Tides are the regular rising and falling of ocean water levels caused by lunar and solar gravitational forces. High tides occur when the gravitational pulls act in alignment and low tides occur when they are perpendicular. Tides are important because they allow for shipping in harbors and prevent freezing in cold weather ports.
Coastal Processes and Landforms
This document discusses various coastal landforms and processes. It describes how waves, currents, erosion and deposition shape coastlines. Key points include:
- Waves erode cliffs and platforms while deposition builds beaches, spits and bars.
- Longshore drift transports sediment parallel to the shore, while rip currents carry it seaward.
- Refraction of waves around headlands forms bays. Erosion of headlands produces arches, stacks and tunnels.
- Coral reefs develop in warm, tropical waters where calcium carbonate precipitation exceeds dissolution. Atolls form as islands submerge, leaving ring-shaped reef structures.
Costal landforms
Coastlines are formed through erosion and sediment deposition processes. They are shaped by sea level changes and the interaction between land and ocean. A coastline includes beaches, cliffs, and other landforms at the boundary between land and sea. Coastal zones experience continuous change from tidal movements and ocean interactions with the shore. Erosional landforms like sea cliffs and arches form through destructive wave energy, while depositional landforms like beaches and barrier islands are built up from sediment deposition.
Recommended
Coastal Process of Erosion and Deposition
The document discusses various coastal landforms created by erosion and deposition processes. It explains that waves break as they approach land due to increased friction. Swash carries water up the beach while backwash carries it down. Larger waves in the southwest are due to greater wind fetch. Cliffs and wave-cut platforms form through erosion processes like abrasion. Caves, arches, stacks and stumps also form through erosion. Beaches form in sheltered areas due to stronger swash depositing sediment. Spits and bars form through longshore drift depositing sediment. Tombolos connect landmasses.
8. spits and bars
Spits and bars are depositional coastal landforms formed by processes such as longshore drift. A spit is a depositional landform that extends from the shore out to sea, often curved in shape due to opposing winds and currents. A bar occurs where a spit grows across a bay, enclosing the bay to form a lagoon, or forms offshore due to breaking waves. Longshore drift transports sediment along the coast and causes deposition of material in certain areas, gradually building up spits and bars.
coastal erosion
This document discusses coastal erosion and mechanisms. It defines coastal terminology and describes the various agents that affect coastal erosion, including wind, waves, tides, and currents. It also examines the erosional and depositional landforms created by coastal processes, such as headlands, sea stacks, beaches, and barrier islands. Additionally, it covers the concepts of coastal erosion, longshore drift, and coastal deposition. The effects of coastal erosion are also addressed, as well as the importance of understanding coastal dynamics and implementing mitigation strategies to reduce erosion.
Formation of coastline
The document summarizes the formation and types of coastlines. It defines a coastline as the boundary where land meets the sea. Coastlines are formed through the erosion and deposition actions of waves, tides, currents and other marine processes on sediments and rocks. Major coastal landforms include beaches formed from sediment deposition, as well as erosional features like sea cliffs, wave-cut platforms, sea stacks and sea arches formed through wave erosion. Coastlines are classified based on their dominant formation processes into primary coastlines formed through terrestrial processes and secondary coastlines formed through marine erosion and deposition.
Sea Leve Rise: An Overview
The document discusses sea level rise predictions for the Bay Area. It finds that global sea level is rising due to thermal expansion and melting ice sheets and glaciers. The Bay Area is experiencing higher localized sea levels from factors like tides, storms, and El Nino events. Models project 1.4 meters of sea level rise for the Bay Area by 2100, which will significantly increase flooding risks and inundate developed coastal areas. Environmental and social impacts include loss of wetlands and risks to coastal communities.
waves and tides
Waves and tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. There are different types of waves including wind waves and tsunamis. Tides are the regular rising and falling of ocean water levels caused by lunar and solar gravitational forces. High tides occur when the gravitational pulls act in alignment and low tides occur when they are perpendicular. Tides are important because they allow for shipping in harbors and prevent freezing in cold weather ports.
Coastal Processes and Landforms
This document discusses various coastal landforms and processes. It describes how waves, currents, erosion and deposition shape coastlines. Key points include:
- Waves erode cliffs and platforms while deposition builds beaches, spits and bars.
- Longshore drift transports sediment parallel to the shore, while rip currents carry it seaward.
- Refraction of waves around headlands forms bays. Erosion of headlands produces arches, stacks and tunnels.
- Coral reefs develop in warm, tropical waters where calcium carbonate precipitation exceeds dissolution. Atolls form as islands submerge, leaving ring-shaped reef structures.
Costal landforms
Coastlines are formed through erosion and sediment deposition processes. They are shaped by sea level changes and the interaction between land and ocean. A coastline includes beaches, cliffs, and other landforms at the boundary between land and sea. Coastal zones experience continuous change from tidal movements and ocean interactions with the shore. Erosional landforms like sea cliffs and arches form through destructive wave energy, while depositional landforms like beaches and barrier islands are built up from sediment deposition.
Marine geology
The document discusses marine pollution and the ocean floor. It begins by defining marine geology as the study of the ocean floor through various scientific investigations. It then describes some key features and characteristics of the ocean floor, including its depth, landscape formed by plate tectonics, and differences in life depending on proximity to shore. The document also discusses the functions of marine geologists in exploring and studying the ocean floor to better understand the Earth.
Coastal environment
This document provides an overview of coastal environments and processes. It defines coastal zones and features such as the littoral zone, beach, foreshore, and backshore. It describes factors that influence coastal areas like lithology, geological structures, processes, sea level changes and human impacts. Coastal processes discussed include waves, tides, storm surges, wave refraction, and marine erosion. The summary discusses key coastal landforms and how they are formed by coastal processes.
The Ocean Waves
Waves are never ending dynamic surfaces created by the action of wind on ocean surfaces. Waves are undulations of the surface layers of bodies of sea waters. Large bodies of water are almost constantly in motion. Ocean surface are never calm and smooth.They are uneven, irregular, rough and restless. Sea waves are defined as undulations of seawater characterized by unique features. Waves are moving energy patterns. They travel along the interface between ocean and the atmosphere.
Coastal Geomorphology Landforms Of Wave Erosion & Deposition
This document discusses various coastal landforms and processes. It defines coastal geomorphology and describes how waves, longshore currents, rip currents, and tides shape coastal areas and transport sediment. It then lists and describes specific coastal landforms like headlands, bays, sea cliffs, beaches, bars, spits, tombolos, sand dunes, salt marshes, and more. For each landform, it provides a brief definition and example photo. Coastal erosion processes like abrasion, hydraulic action, corrosion, and attrition are also outlined.
Glaciers and its types
This document provides an overview of glaciers, including their formation, movement, and important terminology. It describes the key parts of a glacier, including the accumulation and ablation zones. The document also discusses different types of glaciers and their varying speeds of movement. Finally, it covers the erosional and depositional landforms created by glaciers, such as moraines, eskers, and drumlins.
Coastal Erosion Notes
This document discusses coastal erosion and the various natural processes that cause erosion along coastlines. It identifies different types of erosion including weathering, where rock breaks down but remains in place, and erosion, where broken down rock is transported. The key agents that drive coastal erosion are winds, waves, currents, tides, sea level change, and erosion itself. These forces can gradually shape coastlines over long periods and temporarily redistribute sediment. The document outlines different types of coastal landforms that form, like barrier islands and dunes, as well as human-built coastal structures used to combat erosion.
The Movement Of Water On Earth1
The document summarizes three ways that water can be moved on Earth: waves, currents, and tides. Waves are caused by wind moving across water and come in the form of crests and troughs, including tsunamis from earthquakes or landslides. Currents are streams of water that flow through the ocean due to the movement of the Earth, winds, and rotation, transporting warm and cold water to different regions. Tides are rises and falls in sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon, which bulges the ocean facing it, resulting in high and low tides about twice a day.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS: 8.1 WAVES MARINE AND ...
A2 Geography Revision for Coastal Environments, subchapter 8.1 Waves Marine and Subaerial Processes. It is suitable for Year 13 Geography, Cambridge Examination in November 2016. It contains: key terms and definitions, a topic summary, sketches and descriptions, additional work (6 questions for testing your knowledge) and some suggested websites.
Chapter20 coastal processes
This chapter discusses coastal processes and landforms. It describes how coastal zones are defined and influenced by waves, tides, currents, erosion and deposition. Some key coastal landforms include beaches, which are formed by sediment deposition, and coastal cliffs and sea stacks, which are formed by erosion. The chapter also categorizes different types of coastlines based on geological setting and sea level changes, and discusses islands and coral reefs.
Ocean floor-topography
Ocean floor-topography.
Topograpgy
Continental margins and its types
Abyssal plain
Abyssal hills
Canyons
Trenches
Seamounts
Gayots
Hydrothermal vents
etc
Coastal erosion impact and management
presentation was provided by Prof W.U Chandrasekara
Department of Zoology and Environmental Management
For Coastal and Marine resource management course
Ocean currents Power Point Slides
Ocean currents are large streams of moving water that flow through the oceans and are capable of transporting large amounts of water over long distances. Surface currents are driven mainly by wind and circulate in gyres, while deep currents are caused by differences in water density from temperature and salinity changes. Upwelling occurs when winds cause colder, nutrient-rich water to rise up from the ocean depths, fueling areas of high biological productivity important for fisheries.
Sea level rise tam 2014-03
Sea levels are rising due to climate change caused by increased greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This is resulting from thermal expansion of oceans as well as melting of large ice masses like glaciers and ice sheets. The IPCC estimated in 2006 that sea levels could rise 40 cm by 2100 due to various contributions. However, more recent data shows Arctic and Greenland ice melting faster than predicted, indicating sea level rise may be closer to the higher end of IPCC estimates or even higher. Rising seas pose serious threats such as coastal flooding and erosion, wetland loss, and damage to coastal infrastructure and habitats. Low-lying coastal areas are especially at risk.
Coastal Landforms
The document discusses various coastal landforms created by erosion and deposition processes along shorelines. It describes landforms such as headlands and bays, cliffs and wave-cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps which are formed by coastal erosion. Beaches and spits are landforms created by coastal deposition, with beaches forming in sheltered areas between high and low tide lines, and spits forming as narrow ridges projecting from the coast due to longshore drift depositing materials.
Aeolian landforms (Processes, Erosional & Depositional features)
This document discusses various aeolian (wind-related) landforms. It begins by defining aeolian processes and explaining how wind erosion can cause deflation, abrasion, and attrition. Deflation removes loose particles while abrasion wears down rocks. Attrition rounds particles as they collide. Wind then transports material through suspension, saltation, and traction. This leads to the formation of deserts like hamadas (rocky deserts), ergs (sand seas), and regs (stony deserts). Erosional landforms include yardangs, zeugen, inselbergs, and playa lakes. Depositional forms include various types of sand dunes (barchans, transverse, par
Ocean atmosphere interactions
The document discusses how the ocean affects climate through various mechanisms:
1) It regulates global temperature by storing and transporting heat around the globe via currents and influences wind and precipitation patterns.
2) Ocean currents stabilize climate in coastal regions and bring nutrients to marine environments.
3) The ocean cycles gases by absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
4) Human activities like greenhouse gas emissions and land use changes are altering the climate system.
OCEANOGRAPHY
The document provides information about oceanography and the world's oceans. It discusses key topics such as:
- Oceanography is an interdisciplinary science that studies all aspects of the oceans.
- The world ocean covers 71% of the Earth's surface and has an average depth of 5,000 meters.
- The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean, covering over half the Earth's water area and having an average depth of 3,800 meters with the deepest point being the Challenger Deep.
- Other oceans discussed include the Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic Oceans along with their sizes, depths, and notable islands.
- The document outlines the composition of seawater, sources of ocean salts, layered structure
Sea level change
This document summarizes different types of coastal landforms including those formed by changes in sea level: rias are flooded river valleys with gently sloping sides; fjords are steep-walled glacial valleys flooded after ice melt; and raised beaches and abandoned coastlines provide evidence of higher former sea levels. Eustatic sea level changes are global in scale due to ice volume changes, while isostatic changes are local and caused by land level changes from glacial rebound or subsidence under ice weight.
Stand still theory of murray
The Stand Still Theory proposed by Murray suggests that coral reefs form through the circular growth of coral polyps on submerged platforms and hills located at a suitable depth of 54-55 meters, with the outer edge growing rapidly to form ring-shaped reefs and atolls as the lagoon deepens over time through dissolution. However, this theory has been largely rejected due to a lack of evidence for the numerous platforms needed and inconsistencies with observed lagoon depths.
Sea level changes
Sea level changes over geological timescales are reconstructed using a wide range of techniques. Relative sea level rises are indicated by submerged coastal features, while falls are shown by raised beaches and shorelines. Oxygen isotope records from ocean sediments also reveal changes in global sea level during the Quaternary period, with average sea levels 50-60m lower during glacial periods. More recently, sea levels rose rapidly following the last glacial maximum but have been relatively stable over the past 5,000-6,000 years. Future sea level rise is projected to have significant environmental and economic impacts through coastal flooding and erosion.
4. longshore drift
Longshore drift is the process where coastal sediments such as sand are transported parallel to the shoreline due to the breaking of incoming ocean waves at an angle. This transport of sediments shapes coastlines over time through erosion and deposition, building up beaches on the down-drift side. Longshore drift has significant impacts on coastal erosion and beach replenishment efforts.
Longshore drift and spit formation
This lesson teaches about landforms created by longshore drift, including bars, spits, and tombolos. By the end of the lesson, students will be able to name 3 depositional landforms, describe the process of longshore drift, and explain how it forms bars, spits, and tombolos. The lesson will include diagrams demonstrating longshore drift and how spits are formed through the movement of sediment along a coastline.
More Related Content
What's hot
Marine geology
The document discusses marine pollution and the ocean floor. It begins by defining marine geology as the study of the ocean floor through various scientific investigations. It then describes some key features and characteristics of the ocean floor, including its depth, landscape formed by plate tectonics, and differences in life depending on proximity to shore. The document also discusses the functions of marine geologists in exploring and studying the ocean floor to better understand the Earth.
Coastal environment
This document provides an overview of coastal environments and processes. It defines coastal zones and features such as the littoral zone, beach, foreshore, and backshore. It describes factors that influence coastal areas like lithology, geological structures, processes, sea level changes and human impacts. Coastal processes discussed include waves, tides, storm surges, wave refraction, and marine erosion. The summary discusses key coastal landforms and how they are formed by coastal processes.
The Ocean Waves
Waves are never ending dynamic surfaces created by the action of wind on ocean surfaces. Waves are undulations of the surface layers of bodies of sea waters. Large bodies of water are almost constantly in motion. Ocean surface are never calm and smooth.They are uneven, irregular, rough and restless. Sea waves are defined as undulations of seawater characterized by unique features. Waves are moving energy patterns. They travel along the interface between ocean and the atmosphere.
Coastal Geomorphology Landforms Of Wave Erosion & Deposition
This document discusses various coastal landforms and processes. It defines coastal geomorphology and describes how waves, longshore currents, rip currents, and tides shape coastal areas and transport sediment. It then lists and describes specific coastal landforms like headlands, bays, sea cliffs, beaches, bars, spits, tombolos, sand dunes, salt marshes, and more. For each landform, it provides a brief definition and example photo. Coastal erosion processes like abrasion, hydraulic action, corrosion, and attrition are also outlined.
Glaciers and its types
This document provides an overview of glaciers, including their formation, movement, and important terminology. It describes the key parts of a glacier, including the accumulation and ablation zones. The document also discusses different types of glaciers and their varying speeds of movement. Finally, it covers the erosional and depositional landforms created by glaciers, such as moraines, eskers, and drumlins.
Coastal Erosion Notes
This document discusses coastal erosion and the various natural processes that cause erosion along coastlines. It identifies different types of erosion including weathering, where rock breaks down but remains in place, and erosion, where broken down rock is transported. The key agents that drive coastal erosion are winds, waves, currents, tides, sea level change, and erosion itself. These forces can gradually shape coastlines over long periods and temporarily redistribute sediment. The document outlines different types of coastal landforms that form, like barrier islands and dunes, as well as human-built coastal structures used to combat erosion.
The Movement Of Water On Earth1
The document summarizes three ways that water can be moved on Earth: waves, currents, and tides. Waves are caused by wind moving across water and come in the form of crests and troughs, including tsunamis from earthquakes or landslides. Currents are streams of water that flow through the ocean due to the movement of the Earth, winds, and rotation, transporting warm and cold water to different regions. Tides are rises and falls in sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon, which bulges the ocean facing it, resulting in high and low tides about twice a day.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS: 8.1 WAVES MARINE AND ...
A2 Geography Revision for Coastal Environments, subchapter 8.1 Waves Marine and Subaerial Processes. It is suitable for Year 13 Geography, Cambridge Examination in November 2016. It contains: key terms and definitions, a topic summary, sketches and descriptions, additional work (6 questions for testing your knowledge) and some suggested websites.
Chapter20 coastal processes
This chapter discusses coastal processes and landforms. It describes how coastal zones are defined and influenced by waves, tides, currents, erosion and deposition. Some key coastal landforms include beaches, which are formed by sediment deposition, and coastal cliffs and sea stacks, which are formed by erosion. The chapter also categorizes different types of coastlines based on geological setting and sea level changes, and discusses islands and coral reefs.
Ocean floor-topography
Ocean floor-topography.
Topograpgy
Continental margins and its types
Abyssal plain
Abyssal hills
Canyons
Trenches
Seamounts
Gayots
Hydrothermal vents
etc
Coastal erosion impact and management
presentation was provided by Prof W.U Chandrasekara
Department of Zoology and Environmental Management
For Coastal and Marine resource management course
Ocean currents Power Point Slides
Ocean currents are large streams of moving water that flow through the oceans and are capable of transporting large amounts of water over long distances. Surface currents are driven mainly by wind and circulate in gyres, while deep currents are caused by differences in water density from temperature and salinity changes. Upwelling occurs when winds cause colder, nutrient-rich water to rise up from the ocean depths, fueling areas of high biological productivity important for fisheries.
Sea level rise tam 2014-03
Sea levels are rising due to climate change caused by increased greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This is resulting from thermal expansion of oceans as well as melting of large ice masses like glaciers and ice sheets. The IPCC estimated in 2006 that sea levels could rise 40 cm by 2100 due to various contributions. However, more recent data shows Arctic and Greenland ice melting faster than predicted, indicating sea level rise may be closer to the higher end of IPCC estimates or even higher. Rising seas pose serious threats such as coastal flooding and erosion, wetland loss, and damage to coastal infrastructure and habitats. Low-lying coastal areas are especially at risk.
Coastal Landforms
The document discusses various coastal landforms created by erosion and deposition processes along shorelines. It describes landforms such as headlands and bays, cliffs and wave-cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps which are formed by coastal erosion. Beaches and spits are landforms created by coastal deposition, with beaches forming in sheltered areas between high and low tide lines, and spits forming as narrow ridges projecting from the coast due to longshore drift depositing materials.
Aeolian landforms (Processes, Erosional & Depositional features)
This document discusses various aeolian (wind-related) landforms. It begins by defining aeolian processes and explaining how wind erosion can cause deflation, abrasion, and attrition. Deflation removes loose particles while abrasion wears down rocks. Attrition rounds particles as they collide. Wind then transports material through suspension, saltation, and traction. This leads to the formation of deserts like hamadas (rocky deserts), ergs (sand seas), and regs (stony deserts). Erosional landforms include yardangs, zeugen, inselbergs, and playa lakes. Depositional forms include various types of sand dunes (barchans, transverse, par
Ocean atmosphere interactions
The document discusses how the ocean affects climate through various mechanisms:
1) It regulates global temperature by storing and transporting heat around the globe via currents and influences wind and precipitation patterns.
2) Ocean currents stabilize climate in coastal regions and bring nutrients to marine environments.
3) The ocean cycles gases by absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
4) Human activities like greenhouse gas emissions and land use changes are altering the climate system.
OCEANOGRAPHY
The document provides information about oceanography and the world's oceans. It discusses key topics such as:
- Oceanography is an interdisciplinary science that studies all aspects of the oceans.
- The world ocean covers 71% of the Earth's surface and has an average depth of 5,000 meters.
- The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean, covering over half the Earth's water area and having an average depth of 3,800 meters with the deepest point being the Challenger Deep.
- Other oceans discussed include the Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic Oceans along with their sizes, depths, and notable islands.
- The document outlines the composition of seawater, sources of ocean salts, layered structure
Sea level change
This document summarizes different types of coastal landforms including those formed by changes in sea level: rias are flooded river valleys with gently sloping sides; fjords are steep-walled glacial valleys flooded after ice melt; and raised beaches and abandoned coastlines provide evidence of higher former sea levels. Eustatic sea level changes are global in scale due to ice volume changes, while isostatic changes are local and caused by land level changes from glacial rebound or subsidence under ice weight.
Stand still theory of murray
The Stand Still Theory proposed by Murray suggests that coral reefs form through the circular growth of coral polyps on submerged platforms and hills located at a suitable depth of 54-55 meters, with the outer edge growing rapidly to form ring-shaped reefs and atolls as the lagoon deepens over time through dissolution. However, this theory has been largely rejected due to a lack of evidence for the numerous platforms needed and inconsistencies with observed lagoon depths.
Sea level changes
Sea level changes over geological timescales are reconstructed using a wide range of techniques. Relative sea level rises are indicated by submerged coastal features, while falls are shown by raised beaches and shorelines. Oxygen isotope records from ocean sediments also reveal changes in global sea level during the Quaternary period, with average sea levels 50-60m lower during glacial periods. More recently, sea levels rose rapidly following the last glacial maximum but have been relatively stable over the past 5,000-6,000 years. Future sea level rise is projected to have significant environmental and economic impacts through coastal flooding and erosion.
What's hot (20)
Coastal Geomorphology Landforms Of Wave Erosion & Deposition
Coastal Geomorphology Landforms Of Wave Erosion & Deposition
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS: 8.1 WAVES MARINE AND ...
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS: 8.1 WAVES MARINE AND ...
Aeolian landforms (Processes, Erosional & Depositional features)
Aeolian landforms (Processes, Erosional & Depositional features)
Viewers also liked
4. longshore drift
Longshore drift is the process where coastal sediments such as sand are transported parallel to the shoreline due to the breaking of incoming ocean waves at an angle. This transport of sediments shapes coastlines over time through erosion and deposition, building up beaches on the down-drift side. Longshore drift has significant impacts on coastal erosion and beach replenishment efforts.
Longshore drift and spit formation
This lesson teaches about landforms created by longshore drift, including bars, spits, and tombolos. By the end of the lesson, students will be able to name 3 depositional landforms, describe the process of longshore drift, and explain how it forms bars, spits, and tombolos. The lesson will include diagrams demonstrating longshore drift and how spits are formed through the movement of sediment along a coastline.
Chapter 1 coasts part 4
Coastal areas provide valuable ecosystem services. Coasts support activities like fisheries, tourism, and transportation. Coral reefs and mangroves stabilize shorelines and protect against flooding. However, human activities like coastal development, pollution, and climate change threaten these ecosystems. Countries gain profit from coasts through tourism, ports, and natural resources. Coastal conservation and sustainable use can help protect valuable coastlines.
Ocean waves
This document discusses ocean waves and the coastal features they form. It aims to teach about the causes of wave formation and how waves shape coastlines by creating features like sea stacks, tombolos, spits, and mini islands through erosion and deposition of materials. The document uses images and diagrams to illustrate these different coastal landforms created by ocean wave action.
Waves
This power point is about Waves. It can be used for higher ks4. It covers the electromagnetic spectrum , transverse and longitudinal waves.It is very helpful for students and includes many tasks, quizzes and a plenary at the end.
Enjoy and please leave comments!
Ocean waves presentation
The document discusses different types of ocean waves including deep water waves, shallow water waves, and rogue waves. It provides equations for the velocity of idealized ocean waves based on Airy wave theory and notes limitations of this theory. Conditions for breakers in deep and shallow water are given. The document also briefly discusses how surfers ride waves and the nonlinear generation of rogue waves.
Waves notes
This document discusses different types of waves, including their causes, characteristics, and behaviors. It defines key wave terminology like crest, trough, wavelength, and period. Wave size is determined by wind strength, duration, and fetch. Deep water waves travel in orbits while shallow water waves feel the bottom and change shape as they reach shore. Breakers come in spilling, plunging, and surging types. Longshore currents move sand along beaches, while rip currents pull water back out to sea. Tsunamis and rogue waves present unique wave hazards.
Movements of ocean water
There are three main types of ocean water movements: waves, tides, and ocean currents. Waves are caused by wind moving over the water surface and move water horizontally towards and away from coasts. Tides are the regular rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon, occurring once or twice per day. Ocean currents constantly flow in definite paths and directions, and can be warm or cold currents depending on the temperature of the region they originate from.
Ocean waves ppt
The document discusses ocean waves, including how surfers care about breaking wave height to determine the best places to surf. It explains that breaking wave height depends on water depth and can be calculated using formulas involving wave height and period as well as water depth. The document provides resources for learning more about ocean waves and their properties.
Ocean waves lecture
Ocean waves are characterized by their amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and period. Amplitude refers to the height of the wave from still water level to the crest. Wavelength is the distance between two identical points on successive waves. Frequency is the number of waves passing a fixed point per second, while period is the time for one full wave cycle. Wave height depends on factors like fetch (distance over water the wind blows) and breaking occurs when the wave steepness exceeds about 1/7. Breaking waves can be spilling, plunging, or surging.
Lyme regis fieldtrip 2011
The document outlines plans for a GCSE geography field trip to Lyme Regis to study coastal processes and management. Students will investigate why coastal protection is needed in the study area, looking at evidence of erosion, landforms, and existing hard and soft engineering defenses. They will consider how coastal risks may increase with projected sea level rise. The fieldwork relates to the OCR GCSE geography scheme of work focusing on coasts, hazards and human geography topics.
Ocean wave!!
This document discusses ocean wave energy and methods for converting it to electrical energy. It describes how ocean waves are formed by wind interacting with the water's surface. There are three main types of wave energy converters: float-type converters that use rising and falling buoys, dolphin-type converters that use rolling and heaving motions, and oscillating water column converters where water rises and falls inside a chamber to drive air through a turbine. While wave energy is a renewable resource, challenges include designing durable equipment to withstand ocean conditions and transporting the energy to shore.
Ocean waves
The document discusses wave generation and properties. It explains that wind transfers energy to water, creating ripples and waves. Wave size depends on wind speed, direction, duration, and fetch. As waves move away from the wind area, they become swells with long periods and amplitudes. In shallow water, waves slow down, steepen, and eventually break when the height to length ratio reaches 1:7. The document also covers wave classifications, properties of deep water waves, pressure contours, and effects of waves on ship operations like motions, slamming, and speed loss.
WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER
1. The presentation discusses wave energy converter technology and reviews a specific article on the topic.
2. It is presented by five students and focuses on defining different types of wave energy converters including attenuators, point absorbers, and terminators.
3. The conclusion evaluates the current status and challenges of wave energy converter concepts and technologies.
Wave Energy
Wave energy is a renewable source of energy captured from ocean waves. Waves are generated by wind blowing across the sea surface, transferring energy from the wind to the waves. There are several types of devices that can capture this wave energy, including attenuators, oscillating water columns, point absorber buoys, overtopping devices, and oscillating wave surge converters. While wave energy has the advantages of being renewable, environmentally friendly, and producing a large amount of energy without fuel or waste, it is limited by location and depends on consistent wave strength and weather conditions that can affect output.
Coastal environments - A level Geography
This is for the 9696 Syllabus for A level Geography but I'm sure it applies to other courses too. Hope you find this useful. :)
Slides for coastal deposition
The document instructs students to analyze a video about coastal deposition and identify the conditions needed for it to occur. It asks them to form groups, watch the video, and present their answers on PowerPoint slides within 10-20 minutes. Some key conditions mentioned are sheltered coasts with shallow water, short fetch, and an excess of materials that cannot be transported away by waves or storms.
Viewers also liked (17)
Similar to L3.ap longshore drift and deposition
Coastal processes this one
This document provides information about the GCSE Geography course for Mr. Rogers' class, including details on exam dates and percentages of the final mark for different topics. It discusses rivers and coasts, economic geography, settlement and population, and hazards. It provides resources for students, including Mr. Rogers' contact information and links to online materials. Homework is assigned to produce a factfile on a place eroded by the coast.
L5 headlands
This document provides information on various coastal landforms and erosion processes. It defines key terms like headlands, bays, fetch, corrasion, deposition, longshore drift, backwash, attrition, hydraulic action, and corrosion. It also matches these terms to their meanings. The document discusses how differing rock properties lead to different coastal landform shapes. It specifically examines how headlands, cliffs, and wave-cut platforms are formed through erosion processes acting on resistant and weak rocks over time.
Geography SBA.docx
The document is a 17-page geography SBA report by Okay-Lia Buchanan investigating how wave processes contribute to coastal landform formation in Hellshire, St. Catherine, Jamaica. The study was conducted along 500 meters of coastline near Cliff Boulevard on October 3rd, 2022. Various coastal features were observed including two headlands, a bay, a cliff, and two berms. Data on wave types and frequencies were collected through observation and using a stopwatch. Spilling and surging waves were found to be most effective at sediment deposition. In conclusion, the fieldwork provided insight into how erosion and deposition by wave activity influenced the coastal landforms in the study area.
COASTAL LANDFORMS.pptx
The document discusses coastal landforms and the processes that create them. It describes how waves, tides, and currents shape the coastal environment and lead to both erosional and depositional landforms. Erosional features include cliffs, headlands, sea caves, and stacks, which are formed by processes like abrasion and hydraulic action. Depositional landforms include beaches, bars, spits, and barrier islands, which are produced when sediment is transported and deposited by waves, currents, and biological activity.
Westward ho fieldtrip 2010
This document provides information about an upcoming GCSE geography field trip to Westward Ho!, including:
- The main question is how and why coastal features vary in the Westward Ho! area.
- Key questions relate to coastal processes, landforms, engineering solutions and how the coastline may change over time.
- The fieldwork will study wave action, erosion, deposition and coastal management processes.
- Background research on coastal geography and the Westward Ho! area will help inform the fieldwork investigation.
3E 4E Coasts
Coastal environments are dynamic due to various factors such as waves, tides, currents, geology, ecosystems, and human activities. Coasts experience erosion, transportation, and deposition from coastal processes driven by these factors. This forms various landforms along the coast like cliffs, shore platforms, headlands, bays, caves, arches, stacks, spits, and tombolos. Coastal ecosystems provide important services to people like provisioning of food and materials, regulating of floods, and cultural benefits from recreation. Human activities at the coast include fisheries, tourism, harbors, and industries.
Coasts
This document provides an overview of coasts and coastal processes. It begins with an introduction to the topics that will be covered, including the syllabus, case studies, coastal processes, and exam technique. Case studies include the Holderness Coast, Flamborough Head, and Spurn Point. Coastal processes such as hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and solution are explained. Exam advice is given around answering 6-marker questions by explaining coastal landforms and processes in a structured sequence.
Coastal Processes Good
Waves are generally larger in the southwest of the British Isles than the southeast due to larger fetch, or the distance over which wind can blow over open water to generate waves. Waves break when the wavelength reaches the sea floor, causing the bottom of the wave to slow down while the top continues forward. Coastal erosion processes include abrasion by materials carried in waves, hydraulic action as waves enter cracks and cause small explosions, and corrosion as acids in sea water dissolve rocks. These processes form landforms like headlands and bays, cliffs and wave-cut platforms, and over more time, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps.
L4 ap coastal deposition
This document discusses three coastal landforms produced by deposition: beaches, spits, and bars.
It describes beaches as landforms formed by wave deposition of material along the shore. Spits are described as depositional landforms that form when longshore drift carries sediment along a coastline until the coastline changes direction, causing sediment to build up into a ridge. Bars are described as forming when a spit develops across the mouth of an estuary, building sediment deposits across the two sides and creating a barrier landform across the estuary. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate each landform.
Lithosphere Coasts
The document discusses various coastal landforms created by wave erosion and deposition along shorelines. It describes how alternating bands of hard and soft rock lead to the formation of headlands and bays through differential erosion. As waves erode the soft rock faster than the hard rock, an irregular coastline develops. Further erosion can form caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. Coves are formed when a stream cuts through a cliff, widening through erosion. Wave-cut platforms are flat terraces exposed when cliffs retreat inland. Longshore drift can build up spits, narrow accumulations of sand and gravel stretching from the shore into the sea.
Coastal Processes And Landforms
This document discusses various coastal landforms and processes. It begins with defining terms related to waves and wave action. It then explains processes of marine erosion and how they can shape cliff coastlines and form wave-cut platforms. It describes how waves can transport and deposit sediment. Landforms like spits, bars, and salt marshes are discussed along with their formation. Finally, it covers coral reef types and theories about their formation, and how sea level changes can impact coral reefs.
L4 ap erosional landforms
This document discusses various coastal landforms formed by erosion processes. It describes attrition as the breaking down of material into smaller particles when carried by waves. Corrasion and hydraulic action involve material carried by waves wearing away coastlines through impacts or air pressure within cracks. Solution slowly dissolves rocks through chemical reactions with acid in seawater. Headlands project out and are more resistant to erosion, forming bays between them. Cliffs and wave-cut platforms are formed as waves erode the cliff base and notch it, eventually leaving a platform when the cliff collapses. Caves, arches, stacks and stumps form through the continued erosion of weaknesses in the cliff and eventual collapse of eroded sections.
Coasts erosion deposition
This document discusses various coastal landforms and erosion processes. It describes how discordant and concordant coastlines form different landforms like headlands and bays. It explains the formation of cliffs, wave cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks and stumps through coastal erosion processes. It also discusses coastal transportation by longshore drift and how this builds up features like spits, bars and beaches through deposition. Coastal management techniques are mentioned like using groynes to reduce erosion.
Coastal erosion processes
The document provides information about different types of coastal erosion and how they can be represented through "Kung Fu" gestures. It includes descriptions of four erosion processes - hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and corrosion. Students are asked to create gestures to symbolize each process. The document also contains sample exam questions about coastal erosion processes and features formed by erosion.
Weathering, Erosion & Deposition
The document discusses various natural processes that shape the Earth's surface over time, including erosion, deposition, and weathering. It provides examples of different types of erosion such as water erosion, glacial erosion, and wind erosion. It also describes related landforms that result from erosion and deposition processes, such as deltas, moraines, and meanders. Various agents that cause weathering and erosion are identified, such as water, wind, ice, and plants.
Coastal geomorphic processes and geology
Coastal erosion is influenced by four main processes: corrosion from saltwater, attrition from pebbles hitting cliffs and other materials, abrasion from waves throwing stones that smooth materials, and hydraulic action from water forcing into cracks and splitting rocks apart. These processes create landforms like headlands and bays, wave-cut platforms and notches, beaches, spits, and bars. The geology of the coast determines how resistant the rocks are to erosion - more resistant rocks like chalk erode more slowly than less resistant rocks like clay and limestone. Waves coming directly onto shore are more destructive than waves hitting the coast at an angle, as destructive waves have more energy to erode the land.
L5 Distictive Coastal Deposition Features
Beaches form through deposition by constructive waves, building up material like sand and shingle along sheltered coastlines. Spits develop when longshore drift transports sediment along a coastline that changes direction, forming a narrow hooked landform. Bars are ridges that run parallel to the coast and can temporarily block river mouths and inlets, forming lagoons behind them that may slowly fill in with sediment over time.
Coastal Controlled Assessment Prep
This document provides information about coastal landforms, erosion processes, and longshore drift to help students prepare for a controlled assessment task on coastal management. It discusses various coastal landforms formed by erosion like headlands and bays, wave cut notches and platforms. It also explains the four types of erosion - corrosion, attrition, abrasion, and hydraulic action. Longshore drift is introduced along with examples of past controlled assessments and marking schemes to help students understand what will be expected of them.
Coastal erosional processes and landforms lesson 4
The document discusses coastal erosion processes and landforms. It describes the four main erosion processes as corrosion, abrasion, solution, and hydraulic action (CASH). These processes break down and transport sediment, forming features like sea cliffs, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. Waves erode the base of cliffs and headlands through processes like hydraulic action, creating wave-cut notches and platforms that eventually result in arches and isolated rock columns. Alternating hard and soft rock layers produce headlands and bays along discordant coastlines.
Transportation Deposition
Beaches form through the process of erosion and deposition by ocean waves. Sediment such as sand and pebbles is eroded from cliffs and shores by wave action and transported down the coast by longshore drift. This sediment is eventually deposited and builds up over time to create beaches. The size and shape of beaches depends on the type of sediment - shingle beaches are steeper while sand beaches have a more gentle slope. Features like spits, bars, and tombolos are also formed through deposition when sediment carried by longshore drift accumulates in different ways.
Similar to L3.ap longshore drift and deposition (20)
Coastal erosional processes and landforms lesson 4
Coastal erosional processes and landforms lesson 4
More from andypinks
L3 water supply problems
Different countries face varying water supply problems based on factors like population density, rainfall levels, and infrastructure development. In the UK, imbalanced rainfall and an aging system challenge water access, while developing nations commonly struggle with untreated water, pollution, and low annual precipitation. The lesson explores how population maps, rainfall charts, and development levels relate to these international differences in water issues.
L2 consumption patterns
There are differences in water consumption between developed and developing countries. Developing countries use a high percentage of water for agriculture, around 88%, due to inefficient irrigation systems and widespread subsistence farming. Their water usage for industry is low at 2% as there is little large-scale manufacturing. Developed countries have a lower agricultural water usage rate of 9% as they employ modern irrigation techniques. Their industry water usage is high at 79% to support extensive manufacturing activities. Domestic water usage makes up 12% in developed nations but is rising in developing nations where access to piped water is limited.
L1 variety in supply ap
Freshwater availability varies globally due to its uneven distribution and factors like population growth, climate change, and development levels that impact supply and demand. Aquifers underground store freshwater, but some are being drained faster than replenished. While three percent of water is fresh, two thirds is frozen and one percent is available for human use.
L6 developing world cs
China faces significant challenges with sustainable water management due to having only 7% of the world's freshwater resources but over 19.5% of the global population. To address this, China is taking several steps including implementing more efficient irrigation techniques for agriculture, building new reservoirs and water transfer projects, treating more wastewater, and raising public awareness of water conservation issues.
L5 fresh water supply
The document discusses sustainable management and use of water. Over 80 million more people are added to the global population each year, placing increasing demands on water resources. Agriculture and increasing meat consumption in countries like China also impact water usage. Two million tons of human waste is dumped into rivers daily. Individuals can help by planting drought-tolerant plants and using water-efficient appliances. Organizations in places like Las Vegas recycle water from hotels through advanced filtration systems. The government implements initiatives around limiting outdoor watering and pricing to encourage conservation.
L4 attitudes and desal ap
1. Las Vegas gets 90% of its water from Lake Mead, but over the last 10 years the water level has dropped by half. One solution is to build a 500km pipeline to transfer water to the city.
2. Desalination is a technology that can resolve water shortages by removing salt from seawater to make it suitable for drinking. It involves reverse osmosis, where pressure is used to squeeze water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane, leaving salt behind. It is commonly used in dry, coastal regions like Spain, Australia, and Saudi Arabia.
3. Desalination has pros like providing a reliable water source, but cons such as high financial and energy costs.
L1 ap classification, exploitation and changes
The document defines and classifies natural resources. It distinguishes between biotic factors like living organisms and abiotic factors like non-living things. Resources are also classified as renewable like solar energy or non-renewable like fossil fuels. Humans exploit resources through activities like overgrazing, overfishing, deforestation, and overusing water. This causes changes like soil erosion, declining fish populations, loss of biodiversity, and depleted aquifers. Humans also exploit energy resources but burning fossil fuels pollutes the environment and contributes to issues like acid rain.
L2b uk distribution
This document provides information about the distribution of natural resources across the United Kingdom. It discusses the variety of soils and how they support different types of farming in different regions. It also outlines where forestry, fossil fuels, water supply and minerals are located in the UK, noting that forestry is concentrated in the north and west, coal was historically mined in places like South Wales, oil and gas come from offshore fields in the North Sea, and minerals are extracted from both land and under the sea.
Resource use and consumption
This document discusses global patterns of food, energy, and water use. It notes that developed countries consume far more resources per person than developing nations. For example, the average North American consumes around 90kg of resources daily compared to just 10kg for the average African. While the world produces enough food overall, it is unevenly distributed, leading to both obesity and famine. Developed nations like the U.S. consume a disproportionate amount of the world's energy and water resources despite having a small percentage of the global population. Patterns of consumption depend on development level and resource availability within each country.
L2a resource distribution
Global natural resources are distributed unevenly around the world based on climate and geography. Soil quality and types determine agricultural productivity and are best in areas with brown forest soil. Approximately 40% of Earth's surface is used for farming. Forests cover 30% of land, with concentration in Brazil, Canada, and the US. Fossil fuel reserves are highest in the Middle East, Venezuela, Canada, and Russia. Rock and mineral deposits are found worldwide, with certain areas rich in resources like diamonds, iron ore, or precious metals depending on their geological history. Water sources include rivers, rainfall, and desalination, but some populations face future shortages due to climate change and increasing demand. The distribution of these vital natural
L1 variety in supply ap
Freshwater availability varies globally due to its uneven distribution and factors like population growth, climate change, and development levels that impact supply and demand. Aquifers underground store freshwater, but some are being drained faster than replenished. While three percent of water is fresh, most is locked in ice or far from population centers.
L1 mexico city
Mexico City is located in central Mexico within the Valley of Mexico. Globally, it is situated in North America, while regionally it lies near the country's borders with the United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico City serves as the capital and largest city of Mexico. The urban structure of Mexico City consists of a central business district surrounded by inner city, suburbs, and an urban rural fringe. Land use varies across these zones from services and high-cost housing in the center to informal settlements at the urban periphery.
L1 ap urbanisation over past 50 years
Over the past 50 years, developed countries experienced slowing urbanization while emerging and developing countries underwent rapid urbanization. Globally, more people now live in urban rather than rural areas, as shown by satellite images of the lit-up world at night. Urbanization increased in emerging and developing nations due to factors like industrialization, rural to urban migration, and economic development.
Inequality in mexico
1. There is significant inequality between the rich and poor in Mexico City. The poor often earn just enough to survive and cannot save, while many work in the informal sector without taxes or protections.
2. The poor typically live in crowded areas on the outskirts of the city that lack basic services, while the rich occupy wealthier neighborhoods near the center with amenities. Income, rural migration, political influence, and long work hours contribute to the differences in quality of life.
3. The main reasons for inequality are that the poor earn low and unstable incomes; many migrate from rural areas with nothing; the rich have more political power; and the poor often work longer hours.
Ap urban growth mexico
Mexico City's population has grown quickly due to rural-to-urban migration as people leave tough rural living for more economic opportunities in the city. This migration has been caused by both national and international factors as companies open new factories near Mexico City, drawing more people. Impacts of migration on Mexico City include the creation of ethnic enclaves, pressure on housing as migrants settle both near the city center and on the outskirts, and services straining to support Mexico City's young and growing population.
Ap solving mexico city problems
This document discusses different strategies for improving cities, specifically in Mexico City. It outlines top-down and bottom-up approaches.
The top-down approach involves large-scale developments led by the government, where officials make the major decisions. Examples given include a housing agency that provided millions of mortgages and private developers building large identical housing developments. Issues arose from a lack of infrastructure to support the new housing.
The bottom-up example provided is of Neza, a squatter settlement whose residents organized to gain land ownership. They raised funds collectively for schools and utilities. This led to a thriving community with less crime than other parts of Mexico City.
The document asks the reader to consider the advantages and
Lesson 7 ap sustainable cities
This document discusses ways that Birmingham, England works to make urban living more sustainable and improve quality of life. It defines sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs, often considering social, economic, and environmental aspects of city living. The document outlines an activity for students where they will research in groups how Birmingham specifically addresses issues like recycling, employment, education, health, transport, affordable housing, and energy-efficient housing to promote sustainability.
Lesson 6 retail changes ap
The document summarizes the major changes in retailing that have impacted Birmingham over recent decades:
1. In the 1800s, suburbanization occurred as people moved from the crowded, polluted city center to spacious suburbs.
2. In the 1870s, industry began relocating from city centers to the suburbs.
3. In the 1980s, out-of-town shopping centers like Merry Hill opened, taking 12% of the city center's trade and offering free parking and large retailers.
4. Birmingham's city center fought back through redevelopments like the Bull Ring and Grand Central that improved pedestrian access and amenities.
5. Internet shopping has grown to 15% of
Lesson 5 inequality ap
The document discusses inequality within the city of Birmingham. It notes that while some areas like Moseley and Edgbaston have been commended for their quality of life, other inner-city areas suffer from multiple deprivation and economic decline related to the loss of manufacturing jobs. Deprived areas are identified using indices that measure factors like unemployment, income, health, education, and crime. The causes of inequality in Birmingham stem from deindustrialization that led to high unemployment and less money circulating in inner cities, creating a downward spiral of decline, while newer suburban areas benefit from positive economic multipliers.
L3b ap b'ham popn
Birmingham's population has experienced significant growth and changes since 1825.
1) Birmingham's population grew rapidly in the 19th century during the Industrial Revolution as people moved to the city for work in new industries.
2) The population peaked at around 1.15 million in 1950 before declining between 1950 and 2000 during a period of deindustrialization and globalization that closed factories and increased unemployment.
3) Since 2000, Birmingham's population has grown again due to new developments like the Bull Ring and improved transport links like High Speed 2 rail.
More from andypinks (20)
Recently uploaded
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of common terms used in context of Generative AI.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about machines behaving intelligently during May 2024
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Revolutionizing Application Development
with AI-powered low-code, presentation by George Aspiotis, Sr. Partner Development Manager, Microsoft
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Large Language Model (LLM) and it’s Geospatial Applications
Large Language Model (LLM) and it’s Geospatial Applications.
Uni Systems Copilot event_05062024_C.Vlachos.pdf
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Recently uploaded (20)
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
Large Language Model (LLM) and it’s Geospatial Applications
Large Language Model (LLM) and it’s Geospatial Applications
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
L3.ap longshore drift and deposition
- 1. What processes shape our coastline? What processes shape our coastline?
- 2. Recap on coastal erosion – its very similar to river erosion … What processes shape our coastline?
- 3. Stones and rocks carried by the sea knock against each other and over time are weakened, causing bits to fall off and reduce in size. ATTRITION When a parcel of air is trapped or compressed, either in a joint in a cliff or between a breaking wave and a cliff. Small parts of the cliff will then break off. ABRASION This involves dissolving limestone by carbonic acid in sea water, and the evaporation of salts to produce crystals which expand as they form and cause the rock to disintegrate. SOLUTION The wearing away of cliffs by sand, shingle and boulders hurled against them by the waves. The most effective method of erosion. HYDRAULIC ACTION COASTAL EROSION VIDEO HERE What processes shape our coastline?
- 5. B. Coastal transportation 1. Solution 2. Suspension 3. Traction 4. Saltation What processes shape our coastline?
- 6. Diagram to show transportation
- 7. 5.Long Shore Drift (LSD) draw a diagram in your notes. p. 149 in your text book. What processes shape our coastline?
- 8. TRANSPORTATION Long Shore Drift (LSD) • Waves approach the _____ at an angle due to the direction of the ____. The ______ carry material up the beach at the same angle (due to the wind) and then down at 90º to the beach (due to the pull of______). This means ______ is carried along the beach in a zig zag pattern. waves wind material coast gravity
- 9. Diagram of Long Shore Drift (LSD) What processes shape our coastline?
- 10. C. Coastal Deposition What causes deposition to take place? 1. Slower flowing water 2. Sediment can no longer be carried; either too heavy or meets an obstacle 3. Wave loses energy in a bay where there is more shelter and less wind. This allows a beach to form. What processes shape our coastline?
- 11. Map skills recap:p153 What features should you be able to recognise on a map? • Camp site • Coniferous forest • Visitor centre • Foot paths • Schools • Different types of roads • Train station • And many more….. • Make yourself a key to ensure you will remember them. What are the patterns on this map shown by the contours? • Reference specific grid squares and numbers. • Describe the relief of the land. What processes shape our coastline?