This document provides information about coastal landforms and the erosion and deposition processes that form them. It lists four erosion processes - abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition, and corrosion - that slowly wear away cliff faces. It then describes related coastal landforms formed from the erosion of cliffs like caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. The document also outlines longshore drift and related depositional landforms like spits, salt marshes, and beaches that are formed through the transportation and deposition of sediment along coastlines.

1. Geography (year 8) Card switching task
Erosional Landform Erosion process Deposition process Deposition Landform
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2. Abrasion: Material transported by waves hits a cliff and slowly wears it away.
Hydraulic action: Air is trapped as waves approach, weakening the rock base
of a cliff.
Attrition: Waves smash the rocks against each other, making the rocks smaller.
Corrosion: Chemicals in the sea dissolve the cliff face over thousands of years.
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Caves: Waves cause little cracks in the cliff making a cave.

3. Arches: Caves expand and the roof of the cliff falls away creating an Arch.
S tacks: As an Arch collapses it leaves a stack of rock like a tower.
Stumps: As a stack collapses it leaves a stump.
Headlands: These rock cliffs stick out from the rest of the
coastline.
Longshore drift: This is how material is transported across a
coastline.
Swash: Carries sediment up a beach at an angle.
Backwash: sediment is pushed at a right angle to a beach by the
process of gravity.
Spits: These long stretches of sand are formed by longshore drift. They connect
with the mainland from one end and stretch into the sea.
Salt marches: Usually formed behind a spit. Sea water is trapped behind the spit
and stagnates forming a lagoon.
Beaches: Sediment is thrown from the sea onto flat land making a beach.
Abrasion: Material transported by waves hits a cliff and slowly wears it away.
Hydraulic action: Air is trapped as waves approach, weakening the rock base of a cliff.
Attrition: Waves smash the rocks against each other, making the rocks smaller.
Corrosion: Chemicals in the sea dissolve the cliff face over thousands of years.
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Caves: Waves cause little cracks in the cliff making a cave.
Arches: Caves expand and the roof of the cliff falls away creating an Arch.
Stacks: As an Arch collapses it leaves a stack of rock like a tower.

4. 4
Stumps: As a stack collapses it leaves a stump.
Headlands: These rock cliffs stick out from the rest of the coastline.
Longshore drift: This is how material is transported across a coastline.
Swash: Carries sediment up a beach at an angle.
Backwash: sediment is pushed at a right angle to a beach by the process of gravity.
Spits: These long stretches of sand are formed by longshore drift. They connect with the mainland from one end and
stretch into the sea.
Salt marches: Usually formed behind a spit. Sea water is trapped behind the spit and stagnates forming a lagoon.
Beaches: Sediment is thrown from the sea onto flat land making a beach.