LECTURE L24
THE FUTURE
“Optimism is a strategy for making a better future.

Because unless you believe that the future can be better, 

you are unlikely to step up and take responsibility for making it so.”
- Noam Chomsky
Predicting the Future
BBC Horizon (1964) with
Arthur C. Clarke
THE FUTURE WILL BE FANTASTIC
Image: wikipedia.org
This is how computers
worked in 2000
Douglas Adams in 2001
Stuff that works
“The most profound technologies
are those that disappear”
— Mark Weiser
WE EMPHASIZE

TECHNOLOGY
BUT IGNORE THE
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL IMPACT
HOW WILL THIS TECHNOLOGY 

CHANGE PEOPLE’S BEHAVIOR?
1900
REVOLUTION	IN	SCIENCE	–	EINSTEIN,	
CURIE,	FREUD,	BOHR,	TURING	
BROADCAST	CULTURE	–	RADIO,	
MOVIES,	TV,	SITCOMS	
ANALOG	–	RECORDS,	CASETTES,	FILM,	
BOOKS,	CD,	DVD	
INDUSTRIAL	
FACT	BASED	EDUCTION
2000 2100
WHAT	WILL	THE

FUTURE	BE?
Source: http://insurancethoughtleadership.com/the-five-charts-on-insurance-disruption/
WE ARE STILL IN THE EARLY
STAGES OF TECHNOLOGY GROWTH
72 YEARS AGO
47 YEARS AGO
39 YEARS AGO
35 YEARS AGO
32 YEARS AGO
Attribution: Chris 73 / Wikimedia Commons
26 YEARS AGO
THE CAR AT 26 YEARS
12 YEARS AGO
9 YEARS AGO
6 YEARS AGO
1900
REVOLUTION	IN	SCIENCE	–	EINSTEIN,	
CURIE,	FREUD,	BOHR,	TURING	
BROADCAST	CULTURE	–	RADIO,	
MOVIES,	TV,	SITCOMS	
ANALOG	–	RECORDS,	CASETTES,	FILM,	
BOOKS,	CD,	DVD	
INDUSTRIAL	
FACT	BASED	EDUCTION
2000 2100
THE	THIRD	INDUSTRIAL	REVOLUTION	
END	OF	CONTROL	
EVERYTHING	IS	DIGITAL	
THE	RISE	OF	SOFTWARE		
ARTIFICIAL	INTELLIGENCE		
INFINITE	COMPUTING	
ROBOTICS	
3D	PRINTING	
SYNTHETIC	BIOLOGY	
DIGITAL	MEDICINE	
NANOMATERIAL	
ABUNDANCE	
SUPERMAGNETS
Smartphone
Revolutions
Mainframes
1947
Minicomputers
1965
PC
1981 1995
Internet
2007
The Smartphone era is ending - what is next?
SOFTWARE AND DATA ARE IN THE CLOUD
INTERNET – 2,5 BILLION PEOPLE + 

3 BILLION COMING ONLINE
COMPUTERS,

PHONES,

DEVICES 

ARE 

JUST GATEWAYS

TO THE CLOUD
Nine Important Technology Trends
The technology part is usually not difficult to understand
The nature of what the technology can do to change people’s
behavior is much more difficult for people to understand
3-5 years into the future is no problem - its safe to ignore
The “now” is the challenge
Think About This
Remove the technology and understand the behaviour and
what is changing it
SoLoMo
1
THE SMARTPHONE JUST ATE THE WORLD
4 billion people are buying new smartphones every two years
Source: ITU, a16z, Benedict Evans slides
7.5 trillion SMS message sent each year globally
WhatsApp, an app that was built by a team of 

30 people and acquired by Facebook for $19 billion, 

processes 7.2 trillion messages a year
If you want to get customers to use software, 

you cannot ignore mobile
Source: ITU, a16z, Benedict Evans slides
THE SMARTPHONE JUST ATE THE WORLD
And we are talking about apps not mobile web - its not a 

technical questions
Source: ITU, a16z, Benedict Evans slides
THE SMARTPHONE JUST ATE THE WORLD
SOCIAL IS CHANGING THE WORLD
Doing business has
changed in a fundamental
way
Real time has taken over
Now you have to listen 24/7
and act immediately - there
is not time to wait for a
board meeting
ADAPTIVE TO YOU - LOCAL
Source: ITU, a16z, Benedict Evans slides
Analysing you for better
service in crucial
The gatekeepers are
replaced with algorithms
That can be good or that
can be bad
REVOLUTIONS
REVOLUTIONS
Transformation from Hierarchical to Networks
2
20TH CENTURY SOCIETY WAS HIERARCHAL
Governments structure
Corporation structure and 

interaction of companies
Coordination cost is high
21ST CENTURY SOCIETY BECOMES NETWORK
Software connects individuals
Coordination drops towards zero
NETWORK ECONOMY
Twitter takes over real-time
news
Youtube takes over videos,
lectures, how-tos,
entertainments and LOL
cats are invented
Anybody can be a producer
21ST CENTURY SOCIETY BECOMES NETWORK
“Sharing economy”
Coordination cost is low


Rating systems replace

inspections
Any business that is built around a hierarchy with high
coordination cost, will be crushed by a networked software
solution with low coordination cost
Digital Transformation
3
USING COMPUTER IN THE INFORMATION AGE
You sit down and use the comptuer
You use the software for your work
The computer is a tool just like 

any other tool
USING COMPUTER IN THE DIGTIAL AGE
Now the computer tells you what
is happening and what you need
to do
Real-time Algorithms - from
using to being used
The roles have switches - the
algorithms are using us
What is happening to most businesses is not only online
offering of products and services
It the transformation of old established physical way of
doing business into new ways that are optimized around
real-time software systems
This is called Digital Transformation
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Software is becoming the change agent of all business
If the internet has not disrupted a business, it will
Traditional industries like retail, shipping, banking,
insurance, law firms, health and the list goes on…
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
https://www.venturescanner.com/
Internet of things
4
Internet of Things — $15 trillion by 2025
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/may/06/what-is-the-internet-of-things-google
Physical components comprise the product’s mechanical and
electrical parts
Smart components comprise the sensors, microprocessors,
data storage, controls, software, and, typically, an embedded
operating system and enhanced user interface
Connectivity components comprise the ports, antennae, and
protocols enabling wired or wireless connections with the
product
Smart Connected Things
WAREABLE REVOLUTION
Things you carry on you,
that measure you with
sensors or augments you
perception
Smartwatches seems to
be the “big thing” of
wearables
Wristbands that interpret sign language
T-shirt from DigInfo Two that measures heartbeat
3D Printing
5
$2 trillion by 2025
REVOLUTION IN MANUFACTURING
Huge disruption in design,
prototyping and manufacturing
goods
Mass manufacturing suddeny is not
the only way
Cost of production drops
dramatically
Anybody can create stuff -
personalise stuff
Printing Drugs
Personal drugs
Robotics
6
Robot Manufacturing — $10 trillion by 2025
Robotic in the 21st century
Robots that see, hear and sense
Robots that can communicate
Powerful machines with software
and internet connectivity
Robots that learn
Drones - robots that fly
The Self-driving Car
7
Self-driving Cars an $10 trillion by 2025
There are 3.5 million

truck drivers in the US
Self driving delivery Robot
The Physical blends with the Digital
8
AUGMENTED REALITY
Overlaying digital over the physical
Gaming, instructions, design,
prototyping etc will fundamentally
change
VIRTUAL REALITY
Completely enter the virtual world
Gaming, learning, travelling,
exploring, movies, entertainment,
porn, etc will fundamentally
change
Virtual Reality for training and better information
Machine Learning
9
AI Knowledge Work — $25 trillion by 2025
WILL THE FUTURE BE FANTASTIC?
What about wars, global warming, terrorism, inequality, poverty,..?
Peter Diamandis
Abundance is our future - 2012 TED talk
NOW IS
THE
TIME
TO BE
OPTIMISTIC
ABOUT THE
FUTURE
“I like stepping into the future. Therefore, I look for doorknobs.”
― Mark Rosen
New Technology 2016
New Technology 2016

L24 The Future