LECTURE L19
SOCIAL
Eric Schmidt
Le Web Conference 2011
before social media?
READ ONLY CULTURE
PASSIVE CONSUMERS
STANDARDISED, INDUSTRIALISED
before broadcasting?
SINGING THE SONGS OF THE DAY
CONVERSATION
Radio
Commercial

Radio TV
Magazines

BROADCASTING
1900 20001950
Videotapes
Commercial

TV
Newspapers

Films
LP
CD DVD
First email 

sent

1971
First online 

bulletin board

1979
World Wide

Web

1991
GeoCities

1994
Instant Messages IM

1996
BROADCASTING
1970 20101980 1990 2000 2010
TheGlobe.com

1995
LiveJournal

P2P, Napster

1999
Friendster

2002
MySpace

Linkedin

Photobucket

Delicious 

2003
Facebook

2004
Youtube

2005
Twitter

2006
END OF 

BROADCASTING
END OF 

BROADCASTING
Clay Shirky
How social media can make history
“We’re all in this together”
And then we got LOL cats…
Network Effect
Occurs when a product or service becomes more
valuable to its users as more people use it
Understanding this helps build better products and
businesses
Source: Benedict Evans slide deck
Network properties:
1. Whether the nodes are homogeneous or heterogeneous
2. Their type of clustering and degree of connections
3. Directionality of those connections
4. Whether they have (or are) complements Putting the ‘network’
in network effects
Network Properties
Networks are basically just a set of nodes connected by links
Source: Benedict Evans slide deck
Network Properties
1. Homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Homogeneous: Composed of similar types of nodes
Skype is an example of a homogeneous network where most of
the value is derived from a single class of users, all interested in
placing a phone call
Heterogeneous: Composed of different types of nodes
OpenTable is an example of a heterogeneous network with two
distinct categories of participants: one side is restaurants, the
other side is diners
Source: Benedict Evans slide deck
Network Properties
2. Degree of connections and type of clustering Source
Degree: Measures number of connections to a single node
Clustering coefficient: Measures degree to which nodes in a
graph (e.g., social graph, interest graph, intent graph, etc.)
cluster together
Type of cluster: Can range from hub-and-spoke (star) to
connected (clique). Example of Facebook friends connections
clustering (high school, college, significant other’s, etc. clusters)
Source: Benedict Evans slide deck
Network Properties
3. Connections: Unidirectional or Bidirectional?
Friends
Facebook, for example,
is one place where
connections tend to be
bidirectional
Follower
Twitter, for example, is one
place where connections can
more easily be unidirectional
or one-way following, leads to
asymmetrical connections
Source: Benedict Evans slide deck
Network Properties
4. Complementary Networks
Increase in usage of one product by a set of users reinforces
and increases the value of a complementary (but separate!)
product, which in turn, increases the value of the original
More usage of the MS Windows operating system, results in
more usage of the MS Office suite of applications
Source: Benedict Evans slide deck
Network Properties
Common law for assessing the value of communication networks
Source: Benedict Evans slide deck
The Brat Pack Returns
Breakfast Club 1985
BRAT PACK
MASHUPS
YouTube's Origins as a Dating Site
The YouTube Effect
YouTube is changing the way we Innovate
The Liquid Network
Chris Anderson
How web video powers global innovation
TED 2010
CROWD
ACCELERATED
INNOVATION
Crowd Accelerated Innovation
Crowd - Group of people that share a common interest. The
bigger the crowd, more innovation
Light - Clear visibility of the capabilities of the best people
Desire - Innovation is hard, need practice
THE TOOLS
OF PRODUCTION
IN THE HANDS
OF PEOPLE
WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN YOU
CONNECT PEOPLE?
Clay Shirky
How cognitive surplus will change the world
WHY DO
PEOPLE
SHARE?
WHY DO
PEOPLE
CONTRIBUTE?
WHY DOES
OPEN SOURCE
WORK?
WHY DOES THESE WORK?
WE DON’T KNOW THESE
PEOPLE AND WE DON’T
TRUST THEM
Rachel Botsman
We've stopped trusting institutions and started trusting strangers
WHY DO
PEOPLE
CONTRIBUTE?
Sharing is in our self interests
We do it for ourselves
It is in companies best interest
WHY DOES
OPEN SOURCE
WORK?
THE NEW
SHARING
ECONOMY
HIERARCHAL NETWORK
20th Century 21st Century
http://www.flickr.com/photos/piet_musterd/
Crowdsourcing
Source:	Picutre	from	IMDb,	Film	Juno
Source:	Picture	from	Amazon.
Those who control the media control the culture
SOCIAL MEDIA
Social media is the first media network created by consumers
New universe of platforms, how we do business
PLATFORMS
Software SellerBuyer
Software brings the coordination cost to zero
Think Uber, Airbnb etc
PLATFORMS
Software Consumer
Producer
Consumer
Producer
Software brings the coordination cost to zero
THE NEW MARKET
People reject consumerism
Consumer-capitalism ate everything, and people are
becoming apathetic towards consumer mass-marketing
and production
People do not care for being targeted anymore and have
even stopped voting as a result of being targeted by
politics
Access trumps ownership
Jerry Michalski - Jumping Platforms
Source:	http://www.flickr.com/photos/webrevenu/
Source:	Facebook
Network effect
1.71 billion
people
January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549
Tahrir Square, 2010
Tehran uprising, 2009
Julia	Klöckner,	of	chancellor	Angela	Merkel’s	CDU,	told	
her	Twitter	“followers”	on	that	afternoon:	“People,	
you	can	watch	the	football	in	peace.	The	vote	was	a	
success.”
“four more years”
In	three	hours,	the	message	
had	been	re-tweeted	about	
455,000	times
770.000 retweets
3 million retweets 

Launched October 2010
600 million active users
In 2012, Facebook bought 

Instagram for $1 billion
Instagram
Launched March 2010
Pintrest
Users: 176 million, active 150 million
84% are women
75% of usage is mobile, 93% of users shopped online
Launched September 2011
Snapchat
Users: 200+ million
First popular with users age 13-23
7 billion videos per day
Launched September 2010
WhatsApp
Users: 1 billion
700 million photos and 100 million videos every
single day
55 employees - bought by Facebook for
$19 billion
There is actually value in not belonging to a group
Facebook killers?
NEXT

L19 Social