This document discusses key concepts related to gender and development, including:
1. Definitions of gender and sex, as well as several theories of gender development.
2. Concepts of gender stereotyping, gender ideologies, and gender schema theory.
3. How gender relates to concepts like equality, inequality, power, and education.
4. Several themes are explored around how gender influences societal organization and the unequal positioning of men and women.
Gender and Development
Research from around the world has shown that gender inequalities tends to slow down economic growth and make the rise from poverty more difficult.
Gender and Development
Research from around the world has shown that gender inequalities tends to slow down economic growth and make the rise from poverty more difficult.
Part 1 of my Learning Application Plan in view of my attendance to the 18th ASEAN Conference on Civil Service Matters Training on Gender Mainstreaming on Human Resource Policies, Processes and Systems, April 20-24, 2015, Marco Polo, Manila, Philippines
The presentation is part of Gender and Media course, under Department of Women's Studies at Goa University, Goa, India. The lesson is a recap of Gender and Development Concepts, Definitions and Practices.
that reinforces or deepens their understanding of gender by stressing four key points: critiques of binary thinking; intersectionality of gendered identities; the way that institutions and social processes as well as people are gendered; the way that gender is sexualized (and sexuality gendered) – segue into the need to include men in gender equality projects
Part 1 of my Learning Application Plan in view of my attendance to the 18th ASEAN Conference on Civil Service Matters Training on Gender Mainstreaming on Human Resource Policies, Processes and Systems, April 20-24, 2015, Marco Polo, Manila, Philippines
The presentation is part of Gender and Media course, under Department of Women's Studies at Goa University, Goa, India. The lesson is a recap of Gender and Development Concepts, Definitions and Practices.
that reinforces or deepens their understanding of gender by stressing four key points: critiques of binary thinking; intersectionality of gendered identities; the way that institutions and social processes as well as people are gendered; the way that gender is sexualized (and sexuality gendered) – segue into the need to include men in gender equality projects
Pptx. KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI DALAM PRESPEKTIF GENDERvivi julia resti
Budaya yang mempengaruhi gender tersebut Gender dan kegiatan yang dihubungkan dengan jenis kelamin tersebut, semuanya adalah hasil rekayasa masyarakat. Beberapa kegiatan seperti menyiapkan makanan dan merawat anak adalah dianggap sebagai “kegiatan wanita”.
COLLEGE PHYSICSChapter # Chapter TitlePowerPoint ImageLynellBull52
COLLEGE PHYSICS
Chapter # Chapter Title
PowerPoint Image Slideshow
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY
Chapter 12 GENDER, SEX AND SEXUALITY
What is Gender?
Gender
refers to the personal traits and life chances that a society links to being female or male.
Sex
is the biological distinction between females and males.
Intersexed
(click for video)
*
Gender identity: Psychological gender perception. Personal experience and performance of gender.
sociologist argue that gender is both externally and internally prescribed.
Gender role: cultural norms for male and female behavior. Social expectation in gendered behavior which is specific to culture.
What are Sex and Gender?
Intersex
people born with any of several variations in sex characteristics including chromosomes gonadssex hormonesgenitals that "do not” fit the typical definitions for male or female bodies
Intersexed (click for video)
*
Androgen (male hormone)
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (unable to respond to androgen) AIS
Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
Triple X syndrome
Challenging the Gender Binary Third Gender
Gender Fluidity
Androgyny
Agender
Gender nonconformity
Gender fluidity: flexible range of gender and gender expressions that can change over time.
Third gender: a social category in which an individual can represent gender in a variety of ways independent of male or female or feminine or masculine; intermediate between genders; as neither gender; cross or swap genders.
Androgyny: display both feminine and masculine gender characteristics.
Agender: someone who does not identify with either gender; gender neutral
Gender non-conformity: doing gender in ways that are atypical for their prescribed gender assignment.
*
Gender Identity and Gender Role Native Fa’afafine Latin America Muxe/Muxhe (click for video)African MashogaEuropeBurrnesha Asian Hijra (click for video)
*
Gender Roles and Gender Identity
Theories of Gender
Theories of Gender Roles Essentialists
Evolutionary
Materialist/Economic
Essentialists: rely on biological or natural explanations of gender and gender role assignments: gender behavior is shaped by hormones
Evolutionary: Also based on biological or natural explanations of gender, but claims human beings are in constant state of adaptation to their environment in order to ensure survival. Gendered division of labor is functional need for the human family to survive. This is a very functionalist perspective.
Materialist/Economic: emphasize the impact of basic human economic needs in the formation of gender roles. Also explore and critique gender roles within the economic system of capitalism.
According to Bourdieu, cultural capital comes in three forms—embodied, objectified, and institutionalized. One’s accent or dialect is an example of embodied cultural capital, while a luxury car or record collection are examples of cultural capital in its objectified state. In its institutionalized form, cultural capital refers t ...
This article discusses how masculinity vs feminism works. (This article has not been proof read). This work was done due to a curiosity generated through communication studies in my sophomore year of college.
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Readings and ResourcesArticles, Websites, and VideosDiscussio.docxlillie234567
Readings and Resources
Articles, Websites, and Videos:
Discussions pertaining to gender can be touchy. In this 7-minute video, viewers will be presented with both sides of the argument as to whether you believe gender is actually a social construct or you do not – then, you can decide for yourself!
https://youtu.be/s33R4OnW-eo
In this video, which has been viewed over 50 million times, a 26 year-old mother, Emma Murphy, talks of her experiences in a domestic violence relationship. After show a video with graphic images of her injuries, she discusses how she left her abuser, gaining strength from her experiences, not letting them define her or diminish her self-worth.
https://youtu.be/frFEdN7aMh8
Sexual assault is one of the most underreported forms of violence against another person. Why? This video provides firsthand accounts of sexual assault survivors and the reality of how they were treated after the attack. It allows us to understand the barriers which prevent survivors from coming forward.
https://youtu.be/HxP4Djzv3FA
The brains of children changes as a result of exposure to dysfunctional familial relationships, stress and exposure to trauma. This video examines how children develop a “learning brain” under healthy conditions and a “survival brain” when faced with harsh conditions. How these two brains interact is important towards our understanding of human behaviors.
https://youtu.be/KoqaUANGvpA
This video looks at the impact of gender in our society through the eyes of 12 year-old Audrey Mason-Hyde and the world she experiences.
https://youtu.be/NCLoNwVJA-0Gender, Gender Identity, Gender Expression, and Sexism
Chapter 9Chapter Introduction
AP Images/J. ScottApplewhiteLearning Objectives
This chapter will help prepare students to
EP 2a
EP 2b
EP 2c
EP 3a
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EP 8b
· LO 1 Define gender, gender identity, gender expression, and gender roles
· LO 2 Discuss the social construction of gender
· LO 3 Examine the complexities of gender, gender identity, and gender expression.
· LO 4 Evaluate traditional gender-role stereotypes over the lifespan
· LO 5 Assess some differences between men and women (including abilities and communication styles)
· LO 6 Discuss economic inequality between men and women
· LO 7 Examine sexual harassment
· LO 8 Review sexist language
· LO 9 Examine rape and sexual assault
· LO 10 Explore intimate partner violence
· LO 11 Identify means of empowering women
Girls are pretty. Boys are strong.
Girls are emotional. Boys are brave.
Girls are soft. Boys are tough.
Girls are submissive. Boys are dominant.
These statements express some of the traditional stereotypes about men and women.
Stereotypes are “fixed mental images of members belonging to a group based on assumed attributes that portray an overly simplified opinion about that group.” (Kirst-Ashman & Hull, 2012b, p. 25). The problem with such fixed images is that they allow no room for individual differences within the group. One of the major values adhe.
Socio-Legal Dimensions of Gender (LLB-507 & 509 )cpjcollege
This paper intends to sensitize the students about the changing
dimensions of gender and also familiarizes them with the subtle manifestations of inequality rooted in our society.
It is a comprehensive work on Gender from cognitivist point of view. The paper paper describes the concept and meaning of gender, gender identity, gender role, cognitive approach, theories on gender-cognitive theory, Social cognitive theory, gender schema theory. Besides these, it also consists of educational implication. This is a collaborative work of G. Ghaus, J.Alam, A.Husain, B.Shameem and S.Alam. All are students of M.Ed. (2015-17) Department of Educational Studies, Jmaia MIllia Islamia, New Delhi. This paper will help students as well as teacher to understand the gender from the perspective of cognitive psychology.
Strategi Inovasi BUMDes Dalam Meningkatkan Potensi dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Desa di Masa Adapatasi Kebiasaan Baru (Studi Kasus Kecamatan Kualuh Selatan Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara)
2. 2
BAHAN BACAAN
Buku Wajib
W.M. Adam. 2009. Green Development : Environment and
Sustainbility in the Developing Worlds (3rd
editions) New York:
Routledge
Arief Budiman. 2000. Teori Pembangunan Dunia Ketiga. Gramedia
Pustaka Utama. Jakarta
Referensi Lain
Ambar Tadang, Ekonomi Pembangunan. PT. Bina Ilmu. 1981.
Surabaya
Mansur Fikih. 2001. Runtuhnya teori pembangunan. LKIS.
Yogyakarta
Warjio. 2013. Politik Pembangunan Islam. Perdana Publishing.
Medan
3. 3
TUJUAN INSTRUKSIONAL KHUSUS
Setelah mempelajari bab ini, anda diharapkan dapat:
1. Pengertian gender
2. Teori gender dan pembangunan
3. Gender stereotipe
4. Gender ideologi
5. Gender dalam equality dan inequality
6. Gender dan kekuasaan
7. Keterbatasan gender
8. Gender dan pendidikan
4. 4
DESKRIPSI SINGKAT
• Dalam perkuliahan ini, anda akan membahas
tentang pengertian gender
• Bagian selanjutnya, akan mempelajari tentang
teori gender dan pembangunan, gender
stereotipe serta ideologi gender
• Bagian akhir perkuliahan, akan mempelajari
tentang gender dalam equality dan inequality,
gender dan kekuasaan, keterbatasan gender
serta gender dan pendidikan
5. Introduction Gender
Gender
• one of the universal dimensions on
which status differences are based.
• is a social construct specifying the
socially and culturally prescribed
roles that men and women are to
follow.
Sex
• is a biological concept.
6. Theories of Gender
Development
• Social Learning Theory; Proponents of this
theory believe that parents, as distributors of
reinforcement, reinforce appropriate gender role
behavior.
• Cognitive-Developmental Theory; This is
derived from Kohlberg's speculations about
gender development.Children begin the process
of acquiring gender-appropriate behavior.
• Gender Schema Theory; This is derived from
Kohlberg's speculations about gender
development. Children begin the process of
acquiring gender-appropriate behavior.
7. Stage Characterized by:
Sensori-motor
(Birth-2 yrs)
Differentiates self from objects
Recognizes self as agent of action and
begins to act intentionally.
Pre-operational
(2-7 years)
Learns to use language and to represent
objects by images and words.
Concrete
operational
(7-11 years)
Can think logically about objects and events
Classifies objects according to several
features and can order them in series along
a single dimension such as size.
Formal operational
(11 years and up)
Becomes concerned with the hypothetical,
the future, and ideological problems
8. Gender Schema Theory
o
helps a child to develop gender
identity & formulate an appropriate
gender role.
Schema
o
is a mental blueprint for organizing
information, and children develop and
formulate an appropriate gender.
9. What is Gender Stereotyping?
o
is defined as the beliefs humans hold
about the characteristics associated
with males and females.
o
Problems in Gender Stereotyping
• When characteristics associated with
a particular gender have a negative
image.
• When a unique individual is assumed
to have all the characteristics
associated with his/her gender.
10. Gender Ideologies
-attitude toward men & women role.
• Traditional Gender Ideology; Maintains that men
sphere is work and women sphere is the home.
The implicit assumption is that men have greater
power than women.
• Egalitarian Gender Ideology; Maintains that
power is distributed equally between men and
women and that each group identifies equally with
the same spheres.
• Transitional; Maintains that power is distributed
equally between men and women and that each
group identifies equally with the same spheres.
11. Gender and Equality
• Gender Equality; between women and
men is a worthy goal that is central to
progress in human development.
• “The Creation of Patriarchy” by Gerda
Lerner; gender is the “costume, a mask, a
straitjacket in which men & women dance
their unequal dance.”
• “The Gender Question” by Alan Wolfe”of
all the ways that one rooted than the way
men have subordinated women.”
12. Gender and Inequality
• 4 themes characterize feminist theorizing
of gender inequality:
1.Men and Women are situated in society
unequally.
2.Organization of society.
3.No significant pattern of natural variation
distinguishes the sexes.
4.All inequality theories assume fairly easily
and naturally to more egalitarian social
structures.
13. Gender and Power
Gender; refers to the different ways men &
women play in society, & to the relative
power they wield.
Power; is a basic fabric of society & is
possessed in varying degrees by social
actors in diverse social categories.
“Essays in Sociology” by Max Weber; he
defined power as the likelihood a person
may achieve personal ends despite
possible resistance from others.
15. Gender and Education
Investing in Education is seen as one
of the fundamental ways in which
nation states and their citizens can
move toward long-term development
goals and improve both social and
economic standards of living.