The document discusses gender and development (GAD). It defines GAD as a development process that is participatory, empowering, equitable, and respectful of human rights. It distinguishes between sex, which is biological, and gender, which is socially constructed and refers to roles, behaviors, and attributes assigned to each sex. Gender equality means equal treatment and opportunity regardless of gender, while inequality means unequal treatment based on gender roles. The document emphasizes that promoting GAD and gender equality accelerates economic growth and development.

1. GAD
(GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT)
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

2.  Define Gender and Development
 Identify the pertinent laws related to gender
development
 Evaluate the manifestation of gender bias and
stereotyping.
 Define Gender Equality and Inequality.
OBJECTIVES:
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

3. Do you believe that GAD has significant effect
in development of a country? Why?

4. Legal Instruments:
The Philippine Constitution is one of the
few in the world that contains a gender equality
provision. Article II, Sec. 14 stipulates: The State
recognizes the role of women in nation building
and shall ensure the fundamental equality before
the law of women and men.
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

5. RA 6725 (An Act Strengthening the Prohibition of
Discrimination Against Women with Respect to
Terms and Conditions of Employment, Amending
for the Purpose Article 135 of the Labor Code).
Legal Instruments:
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

6. Other Laws:
 RA 9262 – Anti-Violence against Women and
their Children Act of 2004
 RA 7877 – Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995)
 RA 8353 – Anti-Rape Law of 1997)
 RA 9710 – Magna Carta for Women of 2009
 RA 7192 – Women in Development and Nation
Building Act of 1992
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

7. What is Gender and Development?
The Gender and Development (GAD) – refers to the
development perspective and process that are
participatory and empowering, equitable,
sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human
rights, supportive of self-determination actualization
of human potentials.
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

8. Basic Concept of
SEX and GENDER

9. Sex Defined
Sex refers to the TWO categories of being Male
and Female – needed for the act of mating to result
in biological reproduction.
Sex is biologically determined (external genitalia or
sex organ; chromosomal make-up; qualities of
hormones)
Module 1..4 Gender and Development

10. Gender Defined
Gender refers to the differentiated social roles,
behaviors, capacities, intellectual, emotional and
social characteristics attributed by a given culture
to women and men. It is what makes one
masculine or feminine
Gender is socially determined and a learned
behavior
TMOC
Module 1..4 Gender and Development

11. 19
SEX GENDER
BORN WITH SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED
CANNOT BE CHANGED CHANGEABLE
- only women can give birth - women can do traditionally
- only men can produce male jobs
sperm - men can take good care
of children
Module 1..4 Gender and Development

12. Module 1..4 Gender and Development

13. Reproductive Function
MALE FEMALE
Ovum fertilization Gestation
Sperm determines sex of
child
Child Bearing
Lactation
Sex and Gender Roles
Sex role function - role which male or female
assumes because of basic physiological or anatomical
differences
Module 1..4 Gender and Development

14. Sex and Gender Roles
• GENDER ROLE
– roles assigned to men and women based on
their gender
– refers to activities which are considered
appropriate and acceptable for boys or girls;
men or women.
– part of gender norms; it is society’s evaluation
of behavior as masculine or feminine
Module 1..4 Gender and Development

15. Female gender roles are associated with
appropriate concepts of
Feminity
and traits such as:
• submissiveness
• modesty
• nurturance
Module 1..4 Gender and Development

16. Male gender roles are associated
with appropriate concepts of
Masculinity
and traits such as:
•dominance
•assertiveness
•Independence
Module 1..4 Gender and Development

17. GENDER FAIR SOCIETY - women and men
share equally in responsibility, power,
authority and decision making.
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

18. GENDER GAP - the gap between the women
and men in terms of benefits from education,
employment, opportunities, services and etc.
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

19. Module 1.4: Gender and Development

20. ACTIVITY:
Myth or Truth
If a father does the household work,
he is considered as “under the saya”
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

21. ACTIVITY:
Myth or Truth
It is the woman’s fault if she is being
harassed sexually when she is wearing
skimpy clothing.
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

22. .
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

23. ACTIVITY:
Myth or Truth
It is not proper for a girl to say
“I love you” first to a boy.
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

24. ACTIVITY:
Myth or Truth
The mother should be the only one
responsible for child-rearing and
parenting.
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

25. GENDER STEREOTYPES
It is the tendency or attitude, to ascribe particular
traits, characteristics and roles distinctly to men and
particular traits, characteristics, roles distinctly to
women.
The assumption behind stereotyping is that the
ascribed attributes of men apply to all men and
that of women apply to all women in a given society.
Fixed, unquestioned beliefs or images we carry in the
back of our minds.

26. THE CONFUSION BETWEEN SEX AND GENDER
GIVES RISE TO SUCH STEREOTYPES AS:
Men:
Physically stronger, then, they
are better engineers, architects, welders
or carpenters. They are the protectors of
women.
Women:
Physically weak, then, they need protection
from men. They are better nurses,
teachers, secretaries, and retail salespersons.
They need to be protected by men.
Module 1..4 Gender and Development

27. THE CONFUSION BETWEEN SEX AND GENDER
GIVES RISE TO SUCH STEREOTYPES AS:
Men:
Bravery, aggressiveness, independence, and
the ability to control emotions are traits of men.
Women:
Timidity, passivity, while emotionally dependent
demonstrative, loving, self sacrificing and being
peaceful are traits of women.
Module 1..4 Gender and Development

28. The confusion between sex and gender
gives rise to such stereotypes as:
Men:
Work is the center of their lives. Reason is the
basis for decision-making. Decisive.
Women:
Relationship both within and outside the family
is the center of their lives. Intuition is basis of
decision-making. Whimsical and fickle minded
Module 1..4 Gender and Development

29. The confusion between sex and gender
gives rise to such stereotypes as:
Men:
More fit to be leaders, head of families, business
enterprises, social and political organizations,
states, armies and communities.
Women:
More fit to take secondary roles .
Module 1..4 Gender and Development

30. What is Gender Equality?
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

31. Women and men enjoy the same status and
have equal opportunity to realize their full
human rights and potential to contribute to
national, political, economic, social and
cultural development, and to benefit from
the result.
Gender Equality
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

32. No sex discrimination in the allocation of
resources and benefits or access to services,
and that both men and women have equal
opportunity to realize their potential to
contribute and benefit from development.
Gender Equality
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

33. Gives men and women
the same entitlements to
all aspect of human
development.
Gender Equality
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

34. Gender Equality
Strong evidence from around the world
confirms that gender equality accelerates
overall economic growth, strengthen
democratic governance and reduces poverty
and insecurity.
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

35. On the contrary, gender
inequality refers to unequal
treatment or perceptions of
individuals based on their
gender. It arises from
differences in socially
constructed gender roles as
well as biologically.
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

36. Gender inequality tends to slow economic
growth and make the rise from poverty more
difficult. It promotes discrimination rather
than development.
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

37. Everyone who believes in the vision of
attaining a full and satisfying life for all
has an obligation to help pursue GAD
WHY US ?
Gender issues affect all of us. But
instead of solving them, we all
contribute to their perpetuation.
Module 1..4 Gender and Development

38. We are mandated by international
treaties/commitments, laws and
policies
We are custodians of peoples’ trust and
resources. We have the power,
knowledge, skills and resources to make
development work for everybody
WHY US ?
Module 1..4 Gender and Development

39. Education is seen as providing key in
promoting gender equality regardless of
the power and status an individual has.
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

40. “Gender equality is not a
woman’s issue, it is a
human issue. It affects us
all.”
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

41. LET US REMEMBER…
As POLICE OFFICERS we play major roles in
creating environment that are free from gender
bias and in encouraging both male and female
to reach their highest potentials in work and
abilities.
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

42. “It is more than just knowing that you
are male or female.
-Cushner, 2012
Module 1.4: Gender and Development

43. 1.What Is Gender And Development?
2.What Is The Difference Between Gender And
Sex?
3.What Is The Difference Between Gender
Equality To Gender Inequality?
4.How do you promote GAD in your workplace
and in your home?
EXAMINATION