The biosocial approach argues that both biological and social factors interact to influence gender development, as biological sex influences the social roles individuals are expected to fulfill but these roles also shape psychological gender differences. Social role theory proposes that physical sex differences lead to specialized social roles for men and women, and people develop characteristics suited to their typical social roles. Studies examining the influence of gender labels on perceptions of children's behavior provide support for the biosocial view that socialization strongly shapes gender development from an early age.
Conducting researches entails a tedious process! However, this ppt introduces students about the nuance of research in the field of sociology. This could also be used in some other fields!
Conducting researches entails a tedious process! However, this ppt introduces students about the nuance of research in the field of sociology. This could also be used in some other fields!
A short description of the problem and the results of the school survey are presented there by lower-secondary students. This is a part of the project "Communication Connects Cultures through Comenius" 2011-2012.
Social Stratification: Class, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and SexChristina Sookdeo
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Defining social stratification and discussing it's most common divisions such as race, class, gender, ethnicity, and sex. Also looks at the impact each has on education.
A short description of the problem and the results of the school survey are presented there by lower-secondary students. This is a part of the project "Communication Connects Cultures through Comenius" 2011-2012.
Social Stratification: Class, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and SexChristina Sookdeo
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Defining social stratification and discussing it's most common divisions such as race, class, gender, ethnicity, and sex. Also looks at the impact each has on education.
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Questions On Gender Identity And Gender Essay
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Discrimination is the unfair or prejudicial treatment of people and groups based on their race, gender, age or sexual orientation, Gender schema theory was introduced by psychologist Sandra Bem in 1981, Gender Categories, androgyny,âturn up the volume on sex differences.â, Bem really advocated gender aschematicity, not androgyny.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana LuĂsa Pinho
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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
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Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The systemâs unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.SĂŠrgio Sacani
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The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...SĂŠrgio Sacani
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The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASAâs Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly AlfvĂŠnic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5âau
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
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Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), NiĹĄ, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
2. Aggression - SLT
⢠We behave aggressively because we imitate
the violent behaviour observed from others.
⢠Our environment is to blame for peopleâs
aggressive behaviour
3. Aggression - Deindividuation
⢠Deindividuation â the loss of individuality and
subsequent feelings of responsibility
⢠How we can become deindividuatedâŚ
4. Ways you can become
DeindividuatedâŚ
⢠1. Hiding your Identity:
⢠Watson et al (1973) â
compared tribes levels of
aggression during war:
â Willingness to kill
â Torture
â Maim in battle
⢠Those tribes that used war
paint to cover their faces were
significantly more aggressive
5. Ways you can become
DeindividuatedâŚ
⢠2. Wearing a UniformâŚ
⢠3. Being part of a CrowdâŚ
6. Institutional Aggression
⢠1. Situational Argument
â Deprivation Model
⢠2. Dispositional Argument
â Importation Model
9. Aggression â Biological Explanations
⢠Genes:
⢠Lagerspetz (1979) bred 25 generations of mice. In
each generation the most aggressive mice were
bred together and the least aggressive mice were
bred together and cross-adopted.
â Results provided 2 distinct strains of mice, aggressive
and docile. Showing a clear genetic contribution to
aggression
12. Aggression â Evolutionary
explanations of Group Displays
⢠Evolutionary benefits of being in a group
⢠Costly Signaling
⢠Deter Free-riders
⢠Threaten Out-Groups
17. Sexual Selection
⢠Buss (1989) â mate selection reflects evolution
⢠Short term strategies used by men
⢠Hour glass figure = fertility
⢠Female most fertile = more masculine men
19. Influence of Childhood
⢠Hazan & Shaver â Continuity Hypothesis
⢠Attachment type and IWM
⢠Security and social competence / security in
relationships
20. Influence of Culture
⢠Collectivist vs. Individualist
⢠Arranged marriage (voluntary/Involuntary)
⢠Social Mobility â greater partner choice
⢠(Levine; Gupta & Singh; Epstein)
23. Gender Schema Theory
⢠As soon as Children can label themselves as male or
female, the environment provides information about
certain toys or activities that are either masculine or
feminine
⢠This allows the child to create in and out-group schemas
⢠Children will be driven to explore in-group activities
25. Biological Approach to Gender: Evaluation Re-Cap!
Which picture represents which study?
What did the study find?
How can it be used to evaluate biological approach? A02 + or -?
25
27. Evolutionary Approach to Gender
Summarise the key Evolutionary theories of Gender. Give an example to illustrate
Division of labour Mate Choice
Empathising-Systematising Theory Tend & Befriend
27
Neanderthals
Kuhn & Stiner
(2006)
Cross-cultural
mate choice
Buss (1989)
Brain scans
Baron-Cohen
(2002)
Stress
Response
Ennis (2002)
28. Biosocial Approach
To Start: Evolutionary A03 5 minutes
Complete the gap fill
following on from last
lesson on evaluation
for the evolutionary
approach of gender.
31. Today we will considerâŚ
⢠What is the BioSocial Explanation of Gender?
⢠What is Social Role Theory and Biosocial
Theory?
⢠How can these be used to evaluate Biological &
Evolutionary approaches?
Biosocial Approach
32. Biosocial Approach
Task: âItâs aâŚ..!â 2 minutes
Imagine a friend or family member
has just had a baby
You want to buy your friend/family
member a present that is useful for
the new arrival.
Describe the kind of gift you would
buy if it was;
A: a baby girl
B: a baby boy
33. Biosocial Approach
What is a Social Role? 2 minutes
In pairs discuss what is a social role?
Agree on a definition and write it down!
Make a list of example social roles for Men and
Women.
34. Biosocial Approach
What is a Social Role?
An expected set of connected behaviours, rights and obligations
that an individual takes according to norms in society.
Men and women are expected to act differently in different social
situation.
The social roles allocated to males and females can be called
âsex rolesâ.
The labelling of an individual can have an influence on how they are
treated (starting from the selection of baby goods!)
36. Biosocial Approach
Sex Roles 5 Minutes
Biological
Physical
Social
Both
Using the sex role table, complete a Venn diagram for male and female sex
roles. For each sex role, decide whether it could be caused by biological
(physical) factors, social factors or both. Place each sex role in the relevant
area of your diagram. You may work in pairs.
37. Biosocial Approach
The Biosocial approach says itâs both!
Eagly & Wood
(2002)
They argue that there is an interaction
between biological and social influences.
While there are some gendered behaviours
which are universal to all, there are
significant cultural differences as well.
There are differences in biology which can
lead to some sex-typed behaviours,
however gender is a socially constructed
concept.
It is not a natural difference, it is a label
and set of roles created by societyâŚ.
Societies differ between cultures, just like
gender!
38. Biosocial Approach
Biosocial Theory, Money & Ehrhardt (1972)
Biology is likely to determine sex and everything
else follows from the label we are given as
either âmaleâ or âfemaleâ.
Differential treatment of boys and girls interact
with biological factors such as prenatal exposure
to testosteroneâŚ
If a genetic male is mislabelled as a girl and
treated as a girl before the age of three, he is
likely to acquire the gender identity of a girl. The
label is vital!
But (A02 Alert!) Which study refutes
this?
39. Biosocial Approach
Eagly & Wood (2002)
Argue that evolutionary theory
states that selective pressures
have caused both physical and
psychological differences in
men and womenâŚ. But this is
not the case.
Evolution may have caused
physical differences, but it is
societyâs sex role allocated to
the man or woman which
causes the psychological
differences in behaviour.
43. ⢠Social role theory argues that physical differences between
men and women allow them to perform certain tasks more
efficiently. Each sex develops characteristics for the tasks
their sex typically performs
⢠For example, menâs greater speed and upper body strength
make them more suitable for hunting. The physical
differences between men and women create social roles â
men are the providers and women take on a domestic role.
⢠This may also explain sex differences in mate choice: each
sex will seek a partner who fulfils the social roles that they
themselves do not.
Biosocial Approach
44. Biosocial Approach
Task 20 Minutes
Use the worksheets to summarise
the 2 studies in exam appropriate
AO2
Think about possible AO3
45. Biosocial Approach
Buss (Re-Examined by Eagly & Wood, 1999)
Buss found evidence that women seek powerful men with
resources and men seek young attractive women in 37
cultures. This was used as support for evolutionary theory.
BUT Eagly and Wood re-examined the data and argued that
it also supports sex differences as caused by differences in
social roles.
They found that in cultures where women had a higher
status and male-female division of labour was less
pronounced, sex differences in mating preferences became
less pronounced
Women have a lesser earning capacity in society and
inevitably seek men with financial power.
46. Baby X Baby Y experiment
Smith and Lloyd (1978)
47.
48. Biosocial Approach
Condry & Condry (1976)
200 male and female adults were shown a video of a
child interacting with a series of toys, including a
jack in the box.
For half the participants the child was introduced as
David (male) and for the other half the child was
introduced as Dana (female).
When the child played with the jack in the box there
was some upset.
When participants thought the child was female they
described her reaction as fearful. When they
thought the child was male, they said he was angry.
Gender labels lead to different
interpretations/treatment of behaviour.
49. ⢠Case study of Mr. Blackwell:
⢠Boy, raised to have a male gender
identity
⢠At puberty, he became a hermaphrodite
when he developed female genitalia
and breasts
⢠His brain was not fully masculinized,
however elected to remain male.
⢠Supports biosocial approach.
Biosocial Approach
Money & Erhdart (1975)
51. Biosocial Approach
Essay Plan
P1 â Bio social Approach explained (interaction)
P2 â Eagly & Wood (Social Role Theory)
P3 â Money â Hypothesised Social roles most important
P4 â AO2 : Further analysis of Bussâs cross cultural study
P5 â AO2 : Social Influence of Gender behaviour (Baby X / Jack in the
box / Mr Blackwell
P6 - ď AO3 â cross cultural and not-reductionist, accounts for Nature
and Nurture
P7 - ď AO3 â case studies required, not generalisable
52. Biosocial Approach
Fact or Fib?
The Biosocial
approach
considers social
influences on
gender in
isolation
53. Biosocial Approach
Fact or Fib?
The Biosocial
Approach
examines how
biological and
social factors
interact.
54. Biosocial Approach
Fact or Fib?
Money and
Erhardt argue
that it is the label
(âmaleâ or âfemaleâ)
alone which
causes our
gender identity.
55. Biosocial Approach
Fact or Fib?
Eagly and
Woodâs Social
Role Theory is
similar to
Money and
Erhardtâs
theory.
56. Biosocial Approach
Fact or Fib?
Social Role Theory
suggests that
Evolution is the
main influence on
gender identity.
57. Biosocial Approach
Fact or Fib?
Social Role
Theory: Hormonal
differences might
be a consequence
of differences in
social roles, rather
than the cause.
Editor's Notes
Stafford & Canary (2006)
HW â find evidence for each
Hines = girls with CAH still played with other girlsBuss mate choiceTend and Befriend
Baron Cohen S â E brainBuss â mate choice