SlideShare a Scribd company logo
#SmartRoadSense
MOTIVATIONS.1 ROAD NETWORK
Largest single
publicly-owned asset
Main factor of
socio-economic development
The upper layer alone
has a value of about
1 TRILLION Euros
per EU country
TIMELY MAINTENANCE
is essential to
Guarantee driving safety and comfort
Preserve value
Reduce vehicle operating costs
Reduce CO2 emissions
Any Euro not invested in road maintenance
causes 2 Euros of extra operating costs
MOTIVATIONS.2
CO2 EMISSIONS
73.7% of intra-EU
passenger transportROAD PASSENGER TRANSPORT IN EU
MAINLY PRIVATE CARS
CAR OCCUPANCY RATE
About 12%
Well below 2 people/car
About 1.1 people/car
in commuting
PROJECT IDEA
To engage people in monitoring road surface conditions by exploiting
the accelerometers on board of their smartphones
1. CROWD SENSING
2. RIDE SHARING
To induce more sustainable behaviors aimed at reducing CO2 emissions
while also allowing car drivers and passengers to save money
Exploit the sharing economy and the smart specialization
to harness collective intelligence to contribute to the
sustainability of the road network
http://blablacar.com/
http://smartroadsense.it/
PARTNERS
IT IT FR
ITROUKUK
KEY ELEMENTS
CLOUD
CLOUD COMPUTING SHARING ECONOMY
BIG DATA
CROWD SENSING
EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES
COLLECTING INTELLIGENCE
GAMIFICATION
SMART COMMUNITIES
BIG PICTURE
Community
Policy makers
Public administrators
Stakeholders
Environment Road network
Safety
Comfort
Development
Health
Lifestyle
Quality
ABSTRACT.1
Road networks are the largest publicly owned assets and they play a fundamental
role in socio-economic development and competitiveness. At the same time, roads
have huge environmental impacts and maintenance costs.
Passenger cars account for 73.7% of total intra-EU passenger transport, with an
average car occupancy rate well below 2 passengers per car. The resulting traffic
accounts for about 12% of CO2 emissions.
Delayed maintenance impairs road safety and increases cost of intervention, vehicle
operating costs, and emissions.
ABSTRACT.2
The CROWD4ROADS project combines ride sharing and crowd sensing initiatives to
harness collective intelligence to contribute to the solution of the sustainability
issues of road passenger transport, by increasing the car occupancy rate and by
engaging drivers and passengers in road monitoring.
BlaBlaCar (http://blablacar.com/) is the largest trusted ride sharing community
worldwide, with more than 25.000.000 members in 22 countries, while SmartRoadSense
(http://smartroadsense.it/) is a crowd sensing system which makes use of the
accelerometers of car-mounted smartphones to estimate the roughness of the road
surface.
ABSTRACT.3
The CROWD4ROADS platform establishes a synergistic relationship between BlaBlaCar
and SmartRoadSense, exploiting the network effect which is inherent in both the
initiatives, to provide a sizeable impact in terms of car occupancy rate,
road monitoring, and end-user engagement in road maintenance and transport
sustainability.
Scalability issues will be addressed during the project both from a technical and
from a social point of view.
The approach will be validated on representative large scale pilots, involving more
than 1 million people and covering more than 1 million km of roads.
Impacts will be measured in terms of road coverage, car occupancy rates, and open
data volume.
FACT SHEET
• H2020 ICT-10-2015:Collective Awareness Platforms for
Sustainability and Social Innovation
• Coordinator: University of Urbino
• 7 partners
• 4 countries (IT, UK, FR, RO)
• Budget: EUR 1,543,866.76
• Duration: 36 months
• Start date: 01-01-2016
http://c4rs.eu/

More Related Content

What's hot

PPT Automated and connected driving
PPT Automated and connected drivingPPT Automated and connected driving
PPT Automated and connected driving
Eugenio Stoppani
 
7.2 sustainable mobility
7.2 sustainable mobility7.2 sustainable mobility
7.2 sustainable mobility
LeNS_slide
 
Task 4 Eu Best Practices - Bremen (a133921)
Task 4  Eu Best Practices - Bremen (a133921)Task 4  Eu Best Practices - Bremen (a133921)
Task 4 Eu Best Practices - Bremen (a133921)
izham27
 
Adelaide’s transport Twenty minute city | Biocity Studio
Adelaide’s transport Twenty minute city | Biocity StudioAdelaide’s transport Twenty minute city | Biocity Studio
Adelaide’s transport Twenty minute city | Biocity Studio
Biocity Studio
 

What's hot (20)

Future of Transportation - an Introduction
Future of Transportation - an IntroductionFuture of Transportation - an Introduction
Future of Transportation - an Introduction
 
Bangkok
BangkokBangkok
Bangkok
 
Successful Cases of Bloomberg Road Safety Initiative in Addis Ababa
Successful Cases of Bloomberg Road Safety Initiative in Addis AbabaSuccessful Cases of Bloomberg Road Safety Initiative in Addis Ababa
Successful Cases of Bloomberg Road Safety Initiative in Addis Ababa
 
Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility in Urban Areas of Africa - Roger Gorha...
Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility in Urban Areas of Africa - Roger Gorha...Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility in Urban Areas of Africa - Roger Gorha...
Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility in Urban Areas of Africa - Roger Gorha...
 
PPT Automated and connected driving
PPT Automated and connected drivingPPT Automated and connected driving
PPT Automated and connected driving
 
Dubai Mobility Futures and Trends_Case Study
Dubai Mobility Futures and Trends_Case StudyDubai Mobility Futures and Trends_Case Study
Dubai Mobility Futures and Trends_Case Study
 
Caroline Cerfontaine: Public Transport & Shared Mobility in rural areas : Tac...
Caroline Cerfontaine: Public Transport & Shared Mobility in rural areas : Tac...Caroline Cerfontaine: Public Transport & Shared Mobility in rural areas : Tac...
Caroline Cerfontaine: Public Transport & Shared Mobility in rural areas : Tac...
 
7.2 sustainable mobility
7.2 sustainable mobility7.2 sustainable mobility
7.2 sustainable mobility
 
Electric Vehicle and Electricity Demand in the GCC
Electric Vehicle and Electricity Demand in the GCCElectric Vehicle and Electricity Demand in the GCC
Electric Vehicle and Electricity Demand in the GCC
 
Nj future redevelopment forum 2019 lubinsky urban mobility
Nj future redevelopment forum 2019 lubinsky urban mobilityNj future redevelopment forum 2019 lubinsky urban mobility
Nj future redevelopment forum 2019 lubinsky urban mobility
 
Road Safety Condition in Bandung
Road Safety Condition in BandungRoad Safety Condition in Bandung
Road Safety Condition in Bandung
 
10 Cities from the Global Road Safety Initiative
10 Cities from the Global Road Safety Initiative10 Cities from the Global Road Safety Initiative
10 Cities from the Global Road Safety Initiative
 
Transport Issues in Adelaide | Biocity Studio
Transport Issues in Adelaide | Biocity StudioTransport Issues in Adelaide | Biocity Studio
Transport Issues in Adelaide | Biocity Studio
 
Trends in intelligent transport systems
Trends in intelligent transport systemsTrends in intelligent transport systems
Trends in intelligent transport systems
 
Task 4 Eu Best Practices - Bremen (a133921)
Task 4  Eu Best Practices - Bremen (a133921)Task 4  Eu Best Practices - Bremen (a133921)
Task 4 Eu Best Practices - Bremen (a133921)
 
Impacts of Urban Congestion in Supply Chains
Impacts of Urban Congestion in Supply ChainsImpacts of Urban Congestion in Supply Chains
Impacts of Urban Congestion in Supply Chains
 
Transport and Mobility - Fact and Fiction - Part 2
Transport and Mobility - Fact and Fiction - Part 2Transport and Mobility - Fact and Fiction - Part 2
Transport and Mobility - Fact and Fiction - Part 2
 
Adelaide’s transport Twenty minute city | Biocity Studio
Adelaide’s transport Twenty minute city | Biocity StudioAdelaide’s transport Twenty minute city | Biocity Studio
Adelaide’s transport Twenty minute city | Biocity Studio
 
Impact of the Bloomberg Initiative for Global Road Safety: Accra
Impact of the Bloomberg Initiative for Global Road Safety: AccraImpact of the Bloomberg Initiative for Global Road Safety: Accra
Impact of the Bloomberg Initiative for Global Road Safety: Accra
 
Changing course in urban transport
Changing course in urban transportChanging course in urban transport
Changing course in urban transport
 

Similar to KOM Crowd4Roads - Prof. A. Bogliolo UNIURB

Ed Klinger CUSPE Publication
Ed Klinger CUSPE PublicationEd Klinger CUSPE Publication
Ed Klinger CUSPE Publication
Ed Leon Klinger
 
20130319_CCC final report
20130319_CCC final report20130319_CCC final report
20130319_CCC final report
Malte Risto
 
CUTA 2008: Arne Elias Presentation
CUTA 2008: Arne Elias PresentationCUTA 2008: Arne Elias Presentation
CUTA 2008: Arne Elias Presentation
cuta_dn
 

Similar to KOM Crowd4Roads - Prof. A. Bogliolo UNIURB (20)

Smart cars need smart roads in future
Smart cars need smart roads in futureSmart cars need smart roads in future
Smart cars need smart roads in future
 
Ed Klinger CUSPE Publication
Ed Klinger CUSPE PublicationEd Klinger CUSPE Publication
Ed Klinger CUSPE Publication
 
Z_punkt Whitepaper Connected Mobility English
Z_punkt Whitepaper Connected Mobility EnglishZ_punkt Whitepaper Connected Mobility English
Z_punkt Whitepaper Connected Mobility English
 
C4Rs - Crowd Sensing, Gamification and Our roads
C4Rs - Crowd Sensing, Gamification and Our roadsC4Rs - Crowd Sensing, Gamification and Our roads
C4Rs - Crowd Sensing, Gamification and Our roads
 
Thinking Cities N. 7
Thinking Cities N. 7Thinking Cities N. 7
Thinking Cities N. 7
 
20130319_CCC final report
20130319_CCC final report20130319_CCC final report
20130319_CCC final report
 
Intelligent infrastructure and traffic systems
Intelligent infrastructure and traffic systemsIntelligent infrastructure and traffic systems
Intelligent infrastructure and traffic systems
 
Declaration of Amsterdam Autonomous Driving 2016 04-08
Declaration of Amsterdam Autonomous Driving 2016 04-08 Declaration of Amsterdam Autonomous Driving 2016 04-08
Declaration of Amsterdam Autonomous Driving 2016 04-08
 
Crowd4Roads - Kick Off Meeting Ancona (ENG)
Crowd4Roads - Kick Off Meeting Ancona (ENG)Crowd4Roads - Kick Off Meeting Ancona (ENG)
Crowd4Roads - Kick Off Meeting Ancona (ENG)
 
Alexander D'Hooghe - Seamless decentralized mobility @Realty19
Alexander D'Hooghe - Seamless decentralized mobility @Realty19Alexander D'Hooghe - Seamless decentralized mobility @Realty19
Alexander D'Hooghe - Seamless decentralized mobility @Realty19
 
Special Remarks José Viegas
Special Remarks José ViegasSpecial Remarks José Viegas
Special Remarks José Viegas
 
Automated Highway System Report
Automated Highway System ReportAutomated Highway System Report
Automated Highway System Report
 
Autonomous shuttles: unrestricted mobility
Autonomous shuttles: unrestricted mobilityAutonomous shuttles: unrestricted mobility
Autonomous shuttles: unrestricted mobility
 
CUTA 2008: Arne Elias Presentation
CUTA 2008: Arne Elias PresentationCUTA 2008: Arne Elias Presentation
CUTA 2008: Arne Elias Presentation
 
Smart Automotive
Smart AutomotiveSmart Automotive
Smart Automotive
 
IRJET- Design of Parking Area and Traffic Signal for Moodbidri Town based...
IRJET-  	  Design of Parking Area and Traffic Signal for Moodbidri Town based...IRJET-  	  Design of Parking Area and Traffic Signal for Moodbidri Town based...
IRJET- Design of Parking Area and Traffic Signal for Moodbidri Town based...
 
SXSW Proposal - National Strategy for Transportation Data
SXSW Proposal - National Strategy for Transportation DataSXSW Proposal - National Strategy for Transportation Data
SXSW Proposal - National Strategy for Transportation Data
 
TDD 2022 - Swarco - Cristina Ghione - Mobility For Greener Cities
TDD 2022 - Swarco - Cristina Ghione - Mobility For Greener CitiesTDD 2022 - Swarco - Cristina Ghione - Mobility For Greener Cities
TDD 2022 - Swarco - Cristina Ghione - Mobility For Greener Cities
 
Self Driving Vehicles (sept 2012)
Self Driving Vehicles (sept 2012)Self Driving Vehicles (sept 2012)
Self Driving Vehicles (sept 2012)
 
Car Pooling Web App
Car Pooling Web AppCar Pooling Web App
Car Pooling Web App
 

More from Andrea Sergiacomi

More from Andrea Sergiacomi (7)

convegno Adristarter 23 novembre 2016 A. Bogliolo Uniurb progetto C4rs
convegno Adristarter  23 novembre 2016 A. Bogliolo Uniurb progetto C4rsconvegno Adristarter  23 novembre 2016 A. Bogliolo Uniurb progetto C4rs
convegno Adristarter 23 novembre 2016 A. Bogliolo Uniurb progetto C4rs
 
Crowd4Roads - primo incontro Ancona (ITA)
Crowd4Roads - primo incontro Ancona (ITA)Crowd4Roads - primo incontro Ancona (ITA)
Crowd4Roads - primo incontro Ancona (ITA)
 
Crowd4Roads ed il cloud computing
Crowd4Roads ed il cloud computingCrowd4Roads ed il cloud computing
Crowd4Roads ed il cloud computing
 
#LearnPAd prototype early validation - feedbacks from end users
#LearnPAd prototype early validation - feedbacks from end users#LearnPAd prototype early validation - feedbacks from end users
#LearnPAd prototype early validation - feedbacks from end users
 
#learnpad presentation Kom 04.02.14 Regione Marche
#learnpad presentation Kom 04.02.14 Regione Marche#learnpad presentation Kom 04.02.14 Regione Marche
#learnpad presentation Kom 04.02.14 Regione Marche
 
10/09/2015 Presentazione Progetto #LearnPAd - model based social learning for...
10/09/2015 Presentazione Progetto #LearnPAd - model based social learning for...10/09/2015 Presentazione Progetto #LearnPAd - model based social learning for...
10/09/2015 Presentazione Progetto #LearnPAd - model based social learning for...
 
#Learnpad Project - results for the Public Survey on learning needs and chall...
#Learnpad Project - results for the Public Survey on learning needs and chall...#Learnpad Project - results for the Public Survey on learning needs and chall...
#Learnpad Project - results for the Public Survey on learning needs and chall...
 

Recently uploaded

Advancing Impact Measurement | Public Good App House
Advancing Impact Measurement | Public Good App HouseAdvancing Impact Measurement | Public Good App House
Advancing Impact Measurement | Public Good App House
TechSoup
 
一比一原版(QUT毕业证)昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单
一比一原版(QUT毕业证)昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单一比一原版(QUT毕业证)昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单
一比一原版(QUT毕业证)昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单
aveka1
 
Up the Ratios Bylaws - a Comprehensive Process of Our Organization
Up the Ratios Bylaws - a Comprehensive Process of Our OrganizationUp the Ratios Bylaws - a Comprehensive Process of Our Organization
Up the Ratios Bylaws - a Comprehensive Process of Our Organization
uptheratios
 
一比一原版(Adelaide毕业证)阿德莱德大学毕业证成绩单
一比一原版(Adelaide毕业证)阿德莱德大学毕业证成绩单一比一原版(Adelaide毕业证)阿德莱德大学毕业证成绩单
一比一原版(Adelaide毕业证)阿德莱德大学毕业证成绩单
enbam
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Advancing Impact Measurement | Public Good App House
Advancing Impact Measurement | Public Good App HouseAdvancing Impact Measurement | Public Good App House
Advancing Impact Measurement | Public Good App House
 
Item # 7 - BB Inspection Services Agreement
Item # 7 - BB Inspection Services AgreementItem # 7 - BB Inspection Services Agreement
Item # 7 - BB Inspection Services Agreement
 
#Bepartoftheplan on International Day For Biological Diversity 2024
#Bepartoftheplan on International Day For Biological Diversity 2024#Bepartoftheplan on International Day For Biological Diversity 2024
#Bepartoftheplan on International Day For Biological Diversity 2024
 
“Be part of the Plan” International Day For Biological Diversity 2024.
“Be part of the Plan” International Day For Biological Diversity 2024.“Be part of the Plan” International Day For Biological Diversity 2024.
“Be part of the Plan” International Day For Biological Diversity 2024.
 
一比一原版(QUT毕业证)昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单
一比一原版(QUT毕业证)昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单一比一原版(QUT毕业证)昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单
一比一原版(QUT毕业证)昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单
 
Writing Sample-Title: Pioneering Urban Transformation: The Collective Power o...
Writing Sample-Title: Pioneering Urban Transformation: The Collective Power o...Writing Sample-Title: Pioneering Urban Transformation: The Collective Power o...
Writing Sample-Title: Pioneering Urban Transformation: The Collective Power o...
 
PPT Item # 2 -- Announcements Powerpoint
PPT Item # 2 -- Announcements PowerpointPPT Item # 2 -- Announcements Powerpoint
PPT Item # 2 -- Announcements Powerpoint
 
PPT Item # 4 - 525 Argo Avenue ARB Case # 926F
PPT Item # 4 - 525 Argo Avenue ARB Case # 926FPPT Item # 4 - 525 Argo Avenue ARB Case # 926F
PPT Item # 4 - 525 Argo Avenue ARB Case # 926F
 
Up the Ratios Bylaws - a Comprehensive Process of Our Organization
Up the Ratios Bylaws - a Comprehensive Process of Our OrganizationUp the Ratios Bylaws - a Comprehensive Process of Our Organization
Up the Ratios Bylaws - a Comprehensive Process of Our Organization
 
Canadian Immigration Tracker March 2024 - Key Slides
Canadian Immigration Tracker March 2024 - Key SlidesCanadian Immigration Tracker March 2024 - Key Slides
Canadian Immigration Tracker March 2024 - Key Slides
 
Item # 5 - 5330 Broadway ARB Case # 930F
Item # 5 - 5330 Broadway ARB Case # 930FItem # 5 - 5330 Broadway ARB Case # 930F
Item # 5 - 5330 Broadway ARB Case # 930F
 
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale war
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warRussian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale war
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale war
 
PPT Item # 8 - Tuxedo Columbine 3way Stop
PPT Item # 8 - Tuxedo Columbine 3way StopPPT Item # 8 - Tuxedo Columbine 3way Stop
PPT Item # 8 - Tuxedo Columbine 3way Stop
 
Item # 8 -- Tuxedo Columbine 3--way Stop
Item # 8 -- Tuxedo Columbine 3--way StopItem # 8 -- Tuxedo Columbine 3--way Stop
Item # 8 -- Tuxedo Columbine 3--way Stop
 
PPT Item # 6 - 7001 Broadway ARB Case # 933F
PPT Item # 6 - 7001 Broadway ARB Case # 933FPPT Item # 6 - 7001 Broadway ARB Case # 933F
PPT Item # 6 - 7001 Broadway ARB Case # 933F
 
PACT launching workshop presentation-Final.pdf
PACT launching workshop presentation-Final.pdfPACT launching workshop presentation-Final.pdf
PACT launching workshop presentation-Final.pdf
 
CourseHero 9KLDFSKJKSJDFKSDKFJSDKSLFJKSJL
CourseHero 9KLDFSKJKSJDFKSDKFJSDKSLFJKSJLCourseHero 9KLDFSKJKSJDFKSDKFJSDKSLFJKSJL
CourseHero 9KLDFSKJKSJDFKSDKFJSDKSLFJKSJL
 
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 36
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 362024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 36
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 36
 
PPT Item # 9 - 2024 Street Maintenance Program(SMP) Amendment
PPT Item # 9 - 2024 Street Maintenance Program(SMP) AmendmentPPT Item # 9 - 2024 Street Maintenance Program(SMP) Amendment
PPT Item # 9 - 2024 Street Maintenance Program(SMP) Amendment
 
一比一原版(Adelaide毕业证)阿德莱德大学毕业证成绩单
一比一原版(Adelaide毕业证)阿德莱德大学毕业证成绩单一比一原版(Adelaide毕业证)阿德莱德大学毕业证成绩单
一比一原版(Adelaide毕业证)阿德莱德大学毕业证成绩单
 

KOM Crowd4Roads - Prof. A. Bogliolo UNIURB

  • 2. MOTIVATIONS.1 ROAD NETWORK Largest single publicly-owned asset Main factor of socio-economic development The upper layer alone has a value of about 1 TRILLION Euros per EU country TIMELY MAINTENANCE is essential to Guarantee driving safety and comfort Preserve value Reduce vehicle operating costs Reduce CO2 emissions Any Euro not invested in road maintenance causes 2 Euros of extra operating costs
  • 3. MOTIVATIONS.2 CO2 EMISSIONS 73.7% of intra-EU passenger transportROAD PASSENGER TRANSPORT IN EU MAINLY PRIVATE CARS CAR OCCUPANCY RATE About 12% Well below 2 people/car About 1.1 people/car in commuting
  • 4. PROJECT IDEA To engage people in monitoring road surface conditions by exploiting the accelerometers on board of their smartphones 1. CROWD SENSING 2. RIDE SHARING To induce more sustainable behaviors aimed at reducing CO2 emissions while also allowing car drivers and passengers to save money Exploit the sharing economy and the smart specialization to harness collective intelligence to contribute to the sustainability of the road network http://blablacar.com/ http://smartroadsense.it/
  • 6. KEY ELEMENTS CLOUD CLOUD COMPUTING SHARING ECONOMY BIG DATA CROWD SENSING EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES COLLECTING INTELLIGENCE GAMIFICATION SMART COMMUNITIES
  • 7. BIG PICTURE Community Policy makers Public administrators Stakeholders Environment Road network Safety Comfort Development Health Lifestyle Quality
  • 8. ABSTRACT.1 Road networks are the largest publicly owned assets and they play a fundamental role in socio-economic development and competitiveness. At the same time, roads have huge environmental impacts and maintenance costs. Passenger cars account for 73.7% of total intra-EU passenger transport, with an average car occupancy rate well below 2 passengers per car. The resulting traffic accounts for about 12% of CO2 emissions. Delayed maintenance impairs road safety and increases cost of intervention, vehicle operating costs, and emissions.
  • 9. ABSTRACT.2 The CROWD4ROADS project combines ride sharing and crowd sensing initiatives to harness collective intelligence to contribute to the solution of the sustainability issues of road passenger transport, by increasing the car occupancy rate and by engaging drivers and passengers in road monitoring. BlaBlaCar (http://blablacar.com/) is the largest trusted ride sharing community worldwide, with more than 25.000.000 members in 22 countries, while SmartRoadSense (http://smartroadsense.it/) is a crowd sensing system which makes use of the accelerometers of car-mounted smartphones to estimate the roughness of the road surface.
  • 10. ABSTRACT.3 The CROWD4ROADS platform establishes a synergistic relationship between BlaBlaCar and SmartRoadSense, exploiting the network effect which is inherent in both the initiatives, to provide a sizeable impact in terms of car occupancy rate, road monitoring, and end-user engagement in road maintenance and transport sustainability. Scalability issues will be addressed during the project both from a technical and from a social point of view. The approach will be validated on representative large scale pilots, involving more than 1 million people and covering more than 1 million km of roads. Impacts will be measured in terms of road coverage, car occupancy rates, and open data volume.
  • 11. FACT SHEET • H2020 ICT-10-2015:Collective Awareness Platforms for Sustainability and Social Innovation • Coordinator: University of Urbino • 7 partners • 4 countries (IT, UK, FR, RO) • Budget: EUR 1,543,866.76 • Duration: 36 months • Start date: 01-01-2016 http://c4rs.eu/