One of four presentations on Green Parking and Sustainable Mobility at the 2014 American Planning Association conference.

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Green Parking and Sustainable Mobility
Mark Gander • April 30, 2014 • Atlanta, Georgia

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What is an AECOM?

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Mongkok Area Improvement Plan Hong Kong
To create, enhance and sustain the world’s
built, natural and social environments.

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Urbanization,
Globalization,
Climate Change
…new
chances
Car sharing
and per
usage
models
Location-
based and
ad-hoc
services
Intelligent
parking
solutions
E-Mobility
Intermodal
services
Connectivity
aligned with
travel market
Regulation &
Sustainability
Convenience
Preference
Change
Individualization
Demographic
Change
New approach to urban mobilityThe world is changing

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https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/american_community_survey_acs/cb13-41.html

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Americans spend most of their waking hours
at work. The rest – it seems – are spent en
route
And it hasn’t changed much over the years

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Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Declines

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Decline in Car Use By Demographic

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Projections of VMT Trends
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Top 20 Mega Cities – Regional Transportation Policies
Congestion, low emission zones and road user charging initiatives in the emerging economies
will have a major impact on car mobility
Delhi Mumbai Beijing Shanghai Moscow Seoul New York London Tokyo
Bus Rapid
Transit Lanes
2011 2011
Metro/Subway 2011
Congestion
Charging
Planned Planned 2012 2012 Future Planned Future
Parking Cuts
Road use
Charging/Ban
Yes
1 Week Day
Ban
1 week Day
Ban
1 Week Day
Ban*
Future
EV/Hybrid
Incentives
Bicycle Lanes
Emission
Standard
Euro 4 Euro 4 Euro 4 Euro 4
Euro 3 Euro
4 by 2012
Euro 4
CAFÉ
27.5mpg.
34.1 mpg
by 2016
Euro 4 Euro
5 by 2011
25%
reduction
by 2015
Not planned Existing currently * Voluntary no road usage incentive

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Sustainable Mobility Adoption
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Transformation of the Auto

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Urbanization Drives a New Reality: From Cities Designed around Cars to Cars
Designed around Mega Cities: OEMs to Develop New Vehicles and Platforms
•Megacity Vehicle – be launched in 2013.
•Electro-mobility – ZEV (Li-ion battery with 35 kWh capacity )
•Electric drive - Electric motor for quicker acceleration and zip
drive.
•Lighter drive –CFRP passenger cell, Aluminum chassis.
• City Car in EU and NA
• Compact Vehicle : 3099mm x 1,495mm
• Low emissions; sub 1 litre engine (624cc), EV in future.
• Turning radius: 4m.
• Low vehicle weight: 600 kg (1,300lb)
• ‘City Cars’ – In sync with the city Pixo, Note and Cube
• Compact Vehicle: less than 4,000mm x 1,675mm
• Low emissions: 1-litre engine, EV in future
• Tight turning circle of 4.5m
• Power assisted steering for easy maneuvering in city traffic
• Parking system, Start Stop system, Nissan Connect, foldable
rear seats, customizable setting
NISSAN
BMW
TATA
Though newer cars are
becoming city-centric,
consumers are not relieved off
hassles of purchase,
maintenance, parking,
congestion, insurance and
inspection
Mega Cities need not just a
car, but a flexible, hassle-
free mobility solution that
is eco-friendly.

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Urbanization Impact on Vehicle Technology Planning
Opportunity for OEMs to Develop Technologies for Customers’ Unmet Needs
Ergonomically designed
comfortable seats for
long commuting hours
Turning radius <4.3m to
drive in congested streets
Start Stop System for
frequent stop in traffic
Facebook on wheels,
Internet in cars
3G/Wi-Fi Connectivity - V2V
and V2X communication
Limited boot space
and more head and
leg room
CO2 less than 80
gm/km vehicles
Lightweight
construction
Panoramic roofs
Navigation systems with
route guidance and traffic
information
Customised and
personalised comfort
functions
Smart vehicle
access
Low speed collision
avoidance for enhanced
safety and pedestrian
protection
Simple and easy to use HMI
Vehicle length of
less than 3500mm
Autonomous parking assist
Voice recognition
technology
Mega City Cars

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Global Growth of Car Sharing
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Sharing

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Continuum – Battery Electric Vehicles
Neighbourhood
Electric Vehicles
(NEVs)
NEV is a US DOT
classification for
vehicles weighing less
than 3,000 lbs (GVW)
and having a top speed
of 25 mph. NEVs are
generally restricted to
operate on streets with
a speed limit of 35 mph
or less.
A city car is a
European classification
for small and light
vehicles intended for
use in urban areas
although capable of
operating in mixed city-
highway environment.
In Japan, city cars are
called kei cars.
These vehicles have
an internal combustion
engine (ICE) or other
secondary source
connected in a series
configuration to a
generator to supply the
batteries. The drive
range and speeds are
comparable to IC
engine vehicles.
High-Performance
Electric Vehicles
(HPEVs)
These are sporty
PHEVs or battery
electric vehicles with
top speeds exceeding
100 mph and driving
range exceeding 100
miles. The price of
these vehicles is
expected to approach
or exceed $100,000.
GEM e2, e4, e6; REVA
G-Wiz i; ZENN; ZAP
and others
Smart EV, Th!nk City,
BMW Mini and others
Chevy Volt, Opel
Ampera and others
Tesla, Venturi Fetish,
Lightning GT, etc
City Electric Vehicles
(CEVs)
Toyota Prius PHEV,
Ford Fusion PHEV, etc
Plug-in Hybrid
Electric Vehicle
(PHEVs)
A plug-in hybrid
electric vehicle (PHEV)
has an internal
combustion engine
(ICE) with a motor
along with a battery
connected in parallel to
the ICE. They are
generally regarded as
full hybrids with bigger
motor/battery and a
plug to recharge.
Battery Electric Vehicles: Electric vehicles (EVs) use electric motors instead of an
internal combustion engine (ICE) to propel a vehicle. The electric power is derived
from a battery of one of several chemistries including lead acid, nickel metal
hydride (NiMH) and lithium-ion (Li-ion).
Extended-range
EVs (E-REVs)

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Growth in World EVSE Market Unit Sales

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Vehicle to Grid (V2G)

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smart grids
public
destinati on
vehicle to grid
vehicle to home
markets & operation
payment
administration
fast (AC/DC)
battery swop
behaviour change
inductive
recharging networks
vehicles
cars
commercial
buses
integrated transport
car clubs
parking
extend journeys
ITS
state of charge
range estimatii on
eco-driving
location services
e-payment
mobility
fleets
two wheelers
generate & distribute
renewable energy
standards
interoperability
vehicles & batteries
energy storage
management systems
batteries & materials
vehicle tech
hybrids
navigation
range-extenders
drive trains
regulation
education
skills & services
first responders
manufacturing
sales
maintain/ repair
charge type
standard
connectors
AC/DC
safety
installations
energy mgmt
customer mgmt
back office
charging control
demand forecast
remote switching
private
home
microgeneration
demand management
network controls
public transport
smart ticketi ng
dynamic pricing
smart meters
regeneration
lightweighting
alternative fuels
journey planning
expectation mgmt
tax & incentives
2nd life/ recycling
legal/ commercial
value-add services
leasing
business models
funding

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Fare Card Platform
Green Parking
Integrated Corridor
Management
BRT
Delivery Consolidation
Smart Mobility

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33. © 02014 dan sturges

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New mobility solutions

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NEW MOBILITY
INDUSTRY

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NYC Law 1176 – EVSE Readiness

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Parking is what your car does 90% of the time

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If transportation produces 30% of
all U.S. global warming emissions,
and…
if 60% of U.S. transportation
emissions come from cars
and light trucks
Can structures and lots that
house these vehicles
be sustainable?

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Groundbreaking or Greenwashing?

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Parking Matters - Taming
Source: R. Willson, Parking Reform (2013)

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Parking Matters – Right Sizing
Source: R. Willson, Parking Reform (2013)

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Smarking

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Parking Mobility Services

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Smarking Growth

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Parking as a strategic enabler

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USGBC and LEED®
2011 USGBC Ruling
“Parking garages may not pursue LEED certification. More specifically,
buildings that dedicate more than 75% of floor area (including areas not
covered, enclosed, or conditioned) to the parking and circulation of motor
vehicles are ineligible for LEED.”

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Green Certification

59. MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS TECHNOLOGY & STRUCTURE DESIGN
Parking Pricing Placemaking Automated Payment Systems
Shared Parking Access to Mass Transit Fire Suppression
Transportation Management
Association (TMA)/Organization (TMO)
Traffic Flow Plan No or Low VOC Coatings, Paints, and Sealants
Wayfinding (External/Internal) Tire Inflation Stations
Recycling Program Carshare Program Indoor Water Efficiency
Sustainable Purchasing Program Rideshare Program Water Efficient Landscaping
Marketing/Education Program Alternative Fuel Vehicles EV Charging Stations
Building Systems Commissioning, Re-
Commissioning & Retro-Commissioning
Alternative Fuel Shuttles Mechanical Systems and Controls
Bicycle Parking Lighting Control
Cleaning Products and Systems Bicycle Sharing / Rental Energy Efficient Lighting System
Construction Waste Management Small Vehicle Program: Rates & Spaces Energy Efficient Ventilation System
Regional Materials Motorcycle & Scooter Parking HVAC Systems
Regional Labor Indoor Air Monitoring
Credentialed Management Rainwater Harvesting
Greywater Reuse
Reused, Repurposed, or Recycled Materials
Roofing Systems
LEED or Green Globe Certification
Sustainable Power & Net-Zero Energy
Life Cycle Assessment
for more information: www.greenparkingcouncil.org/certification
Source of Graphic:
AECOM

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EV Charging

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Placemaking

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Parkitecture – Collins Park, MB
Zaha Hadid Architects
Zaha Hadid Architects

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Parkitecture – Miami Beach

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Parkitecture As Placemaking

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Parkitecture As Placemaking

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Park Above, Park Below

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Park Above, Park Below

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Park Above, Park Below

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Park Above, Park Below

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Park Above, Park Below

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Park Above, Park Below

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Build A Better Burb – Rockville Centre
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Transformation and Placemaking -
Philadelphia
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Source: Philadelphia Parking Authority

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Source:Philadelphia Parking Authority

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Source: Philadelphia Parking Authority

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Climate Change is a physical reality
Image: NASA

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Stormwater Management

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Pavement Matters

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Source: AECOM

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NREL Parking Garage

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NREL Parking Garage

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Location: Brooklyn, NY
Manuf: Solaire Canopy
No. of Canopies: 6
System Size: 325 kW
Number of Panels: 1,044
Panel Size: 315W
Panel Manufacturer: MEMC
Inclination: 12º / 1º
Number of Columns: 22

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Parking Matters
Parking supply and management is the difference between smart growth
and congested or sprawled environs, and impacts:
– Parking consumes land and resources
– Parking is expensive
– We need to manage and supply parking in-line with broader goals
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Rawabi EcoCity

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Masdar City

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Conventional City Design

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Design of Masdar City

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Key Points
Demographics, urbanization, technology, climate
adaptation are driving transformative responses in
mobility and parking.
Travel in the fast lane via multi-modal connectivity.
Smart moves in adjusted land use and transit-
oriented development.
Parking policy and management shapes
communities.
Parking design and mobility architecture creates
vibrant places.
Moving forward – parking is part of the solution.
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Thank you!
Mark Gander, AICP
AECOM
605 Third Avenue
New York City, NY 10158
T: (212) 973-3182
mark.gander@aecom.com
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