Changing course in urban transport
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The document discusses sustainable urban transport and improving quality of life in cities. It notes that rapid motorization has negatively impacted cities economically, environmentally, and socially. The main problems are listed as energy consumption, emissions, safety issues, congestion, and social exclusion. Solutions proposed include improving transport efficiency, shifting modes to public transit and non-motorized options like walking and cycling, and reducing or avoiding travel. Examples given of successful cities emphasize high quality public transit integrated with land use planning and policies supporting alternatives to private vehicles.
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Changing course in urban transport
- 1. 05.10.15 Seite 1 Changing Course in Urban Transport
- 2. FOR CHANGE AN URGENT NEED
- 3. The adverse impacts of growth in motorization - in economic, environmental and social terms - are ruining the quality of life in our cities and our global climate.
- 4. “We and our children deserve a higher quality place to live” …Even crossing a road can be dangerous in the current traffic dominated environment.
- 8. The basic problems of traffic growth are… EnergyConsumption CO2 Emissions & Local Air Pollution Safety Impacts Social Exclusion Congestion
- 10. CO2 Emissions & Local Air Pollution Imaginechina, 2009
- 11. Safety Impacts
- 12. Worldwide, 1.3 Million road deaths and up to 50 Million people injured per year
- 13. Congestion
- 14. Social Exclusion Carlos Pardo, 2005
- 15. Challenges in developing cities 10-25% of urban areas are taken by road transportation infrastructure - A lot of space for cars but…
- 16. …where is the space for people? the silent pedestrian, the invisible cyclist must be seen
- 17. Over time, achieving greater sustainability in transport means... ... investing in schemes and initiatives that improve accessibility and developing more effective transit cities.
- 18. Humans love to move, travel, discover… by different ways and modes…
- 19. Trends in cities § Rapidly increasing car ownership and use § Declining mode share of public transport, walking, and cycling § Declining city centres; rapid decentralisation into car-oriented suburban sprawl Focus was given to road design: § More infrastructure for cars § More space for motorized vehicles, which let to less density and often to sprawl § Unsustainable focus
- 20. Ø Greater demand for space Ø Greater demand for travel Ø Living areas often far away from commercial activities Ø Greater impact on traffic Ø Greater impact on health and environment
- 22. AVOID Reducing the need to travel SHIFT Changing mode choice IMPROVE Increasing the energy efficiency of vehicles, fuels and transport operations Carlos Pardo, 2008
- 23. How to tackle the problem with urban transport? Reduced Carbon Emissions Capacity Building IMPROVE Improve the energy efficiency of transport modes and vehicle technology • Low-friction lubricants • Optimal tire pressure • Low Rolling Resistance Tires • Speed limits, Eco-Driving (Raising Awareness) • Shift to alternative fuels • … SHIFT Shift to more environmentally friendly modes • Mode shift to Non-Motorized Transport • Mode shift to Public Transport • Public Transp.Integration • TransportDemand Management(TDM) REDUCE/AVOID • Integration of transport and land-use planning • Smart logistics concepts • … Reduce or avoid travel or the need to travel
- 24. Traditional focus was given to road design: More infrastructure for cars, more space for motorized vehicles, unsustainable focus: Question is, how to use limited road space best
- 25. Why starting with Liveability? • A liveable city is a city that provides a high quality of life for its citizens • This requires: • Economic strength • Social balance • Ecological viability • All these elements are interdependent
- 26. Other factors: • Safety/Crime • Schools and education • Recreation • Political stability • Availability of goods/services • Economic/Business conditions What influences Liveability? Direct transport related factors: § Infrastructure § Accessibility § Quality of architecture § Urban design § Public Transportation § Public places § ...etc.
- 27. • Vienna, Austria (1st) • Zurich, Switzerland (2nd) • Auckland, New Zealand (3rd ) • Munich, Germany (4th) • Vancouver, Canada (5th) § Düsseldorf, Germany (6th) § Frankfurt, Germany (7th) § Geneva, Switzerland (8th) § Copenhagen, Denmark (9th) § Bern, Switzerland (10th) Mercer Quality of Living Survey 2014 – Top 10 (worldwide): Source: VBZ Zurich, 2009, http://vbz.ch. Rankings of Quality of Living
- 28. €€€190001500- 2000 Mixed Traffic €€ 40000 – 60000 Heavy Rail/ Metro €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ €€€€€ 60000 – 90000 Suburban Rail (e.g. Mumbai) € €€€ €€€ €€€ €€€ €€€ €€€ 14000 €€ €€€ €€€ €€€ €€€ Cyclists €€ €€€ €€€ €€€ €€€ €€€ 9000 BRT single lane Pedestrians 5000 €€€ €€€ €€€ Regular Bus ?? BRT double lane € €€€€ €€€€ €€€€ €€€€ €€€€ €€€€ €€€€ €€€€ €€€€ €€€€ €€€€ Light Rail € €€€ €€€ €€€ €€€ €€€ €€€ €€€ 18000 – 20000 (people per hour on 3.5 m wide lane in the city – PPHPD [PAX/hour/direction]) Source: Botma & Papendrecht, TU Delft 1991 andown figures PPHPD Range (à) 80000, HKK Maximum PPHPD achieved& where (à)
- 29. Share (%) of public transport, walking and cycling CO2 emissions (kg per capita per year) Houston 5% 5690 kg Montreal 26% 1930 kg Madrid 49% 1050 kg London 50% 1050 kg Paris 54% 950 kg Berlin 61% 774 kg Tokyo 68% 818 kg Hongkong 89% 378 kg CO2 emissions from passenger transport vs. modal split: Selected cities, different densities, different lifestyles
- 31. The push and pull approach
- 32. Design and implementation of land use plans • Curitiba’s solution: Land use and transport plans as part of a Transit-Oriented Development plan
- 33. The case of Curitiba: land use and transport
- 34. The principles of the sustainable approach High density, compact development Mixed land uses Transit oriented development Pedestrian / NMT scale
- 35. <<<
- 42. Strategic Goals o Cut annual traffic fatalities by 50% (from 2007 level) o Implement system of rapid bus lines o Double bicycle commuting from 2007 to 2012 o Institute complete-street design policy o Institute programs to treat streets as public space o Reduce agency energy and vehicle use
- 45. Examples: Seoul Improving the level of service for citizens through changes of infrastructure Before After
- 46. Examples: Seoul Demolishing an urban highway created public space and valuable redevelopment opportunities Improved public space leads to increased quality of life
- 47. AFTER
- 48. Lyon’s waterfront with bike share Will our children find our cities as entertaining as playing a video game?
- 54. PUBLIC TRANSIT
- 55. BRT can be very productive Guangzhou, China 35,800 pax/day/km
- 56. BRT Guangzhou (Winner of 2011 STA Award) • 22.5 km of dedicated bus way • Over 800,000 passengers per day on a single corridor • 27,400 passengers per peak hour per direction
- 57. BRT Guangzhou (Winner of 2011 STA Award)
- 58. BRT Guangzhou (Winner of 2011 STA Award) Previous Situation
- 59. Current Situation BRT Guangzhou (Winner of 2011 STA Award)
- 61. Carlos Pardo, 2008 Carlos Pardo, 2008
- 63. A city that is good for children, the elderly,the handicapped, the poor, is good for everybodyelse. - Enrique Peñalosa Carlos Pardo, 2007 Julian Cram, Jon Bewley, Sustrans2008 Transmilenio, 2001
- 66. Manfred Breithaupt, 2006 Judiza Zahir, 2008
- 68. Walking areas, proper sidewalks, cycling network, and car- restricted zones § More safety for citizens § More pedestrian space § More traffic calming measures § Preserve architectural heritage and aesthetic value Promoting Public Space
- 72. “In terms of infrastructure, what differentiates advanced cities are not highways or subways but quality sidewalks and cycleways” Enrique Penalosa, former Mayor of Bogota, Colombia
- 73. Street design: Example from Rotterdam
- 74. Muenster, Germany- the German cycling City
- 75. Main Components of Sustainable Transport • Public Transport with priority over all other modes on the road • Non-motorised transport • Creating/conservi ng public space • PT Integration • TDM measures Do you see these factors here?
- 76. Non-European Cities: ü Bogotá ü Curitiba üSingapore üTokyo Europe: ü Zurich ü Vienna ü Berlin üAmsterdam ü Groningen ü Copenhagen ü Freiburg üMuenster All of these successes featured an integrated and packaged approach: 1. High-quality public transport 2. Improved conditions for walking and bicycling 3. Effective integration of modes 4. Supportive land-use policies 5. Car-restriction measures
- 77. • Integrated Transport Policy: PT, NMT and IMT • Modal Share of PT 36% • More than 2/3 of journeys are done by PT and NMT • Vienna top ranked in quality of living surveys conducted by the British consultancy firm Mercer during years 2009 to 2012 Examples: Vienna (#1 Quality of living Index) Public Transport and NMT (PT and NMT not for poorer cities, but smart solutions, promoting growth and attractive- ness. Proven to be a success factor for high income and successful cities)
- 78. Relationship between GDP per Capita and Individual Motorized Modal Share Relationship between GDP per Capita and Individual Motorized Modal Share The transport paradox “Transport is uniqueas the only development sector that worsens as incomes rise. While sanitation, health, education and employment tend to improve through economic development, traffic congestion tends to worsen.” …but still: Decoupling of economic growth and individual motorized transport is achievable!
- 79. Leadership World’s best systems were developed with high levels of political support With strong political will, anything is possible Enrique Peñalosa Former mayor of BogotaLee Myung-bak Mayor of Seoul
- 80. A realtest for the success of interventionscan be seen in how attractive the city is for children.
- 81. We can certainly learn much from the development of sustainable mobility worldwide. Changing course can mean that strategic societal objectives are achieved, consistent with individual preferences and city quality of life goals.
- 82. § Active since 2002 § GIZ SUTP Publications § Multimedia (gallery, videos) § 35,000 visitors (per month) § Approx. 20,000 downloads (per month) www.sutp.org SUTP Website (Engl.,CN, Span.)
- 83. Training course manuals • Bus Rapid Transit • Public Awareness and Behavioural Change • Non-motorised Transport • Cycling-inclusive Policy Development: A Handbook • Travel Demand Management • Mass Transport Options • Bus Regulation and Planning • Financing Urban Transport WWW.capsut.org
- 84. Our publications
- 85. • Co-founder and Partner of „Bridging the Gap Initiative“ (www.transport2020.org) • Partner and Co-founder of „Partnership on Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport” (http://www.slocat.net/ ) • Numerous international partners • Close cooperation with specialised German and European consultants Our Partners and Networks
- 86. GIZ SUTP project sutp@sutp.org transport@giz.de Write to us for any assistance on making Sustainable Urban Transport a reality in your city