The document discusses sustainable urban transport and improving quality of life in cities. It notes that rapid motorization has negatively impacted cities economically, environmentally, and socially. The main problems are listed as energy consumption, emissions, safety issues, congestion, and social exclusion. Solutions proposed include improving transport efficiency, shifting modes to public transit and non-motorized options like walking and cycling, and reducing or avoiding travel. Examples given of successful cities emphasize high quality public transit integrated with land use planning and policies supporting alternatives to private vehicles.

1. 05.10.15 Seite 1
Changing Course in
Urban Transport

2. FOR CHANGE
AN URGENT NEED

3. The adverse impacts of growth in motorization
- in economic, environmental and social terms - are ruining the quality of life in
our cities and our global climate.

4. “We and our children
deserve a higher
quality place to live”
…Even crossing a road can be
dangerous in the current traffic
dominated environment.

7. TRANSPORT DILEMMA
THE URBAN

8. The basic problems of traffic growth are…
EnergyConsumption
CO2 Emissions & Local Air Pollution
Safety Impacts
Social Exclusion
Congestion

9. Energy Consumption

10. CO2 Emissions & Local Air Pollution
Imaginechina, 2009

11. Safety Impacts

12. Worldwide, 1.3 Million road deaths and up to 50 Million people injured per year

13. Congestion

14. Social Exclusion
Carlos Pardo, 2005

15. Challenges in developing cities
10-25% of urban areas are taken by road transportation infrastructure -
A lot of space for cars but…

16. …where is the space for people?
the silent pedestrian, the invisible cyclist must be seen

17. Over time, achieving
greater sustainability
in transport means...
... investing in schemes and
initiatives that improve
accessibility and developing more
effective transit cities.

18. Humans love to move, travel, discover…
by different ways and modes…

19. Trends in cities
§ Rapidly increasing car ownership
and use
§ Declining mode share of public
transport, walking, and cycling
§ Declining city centres; rapid
decentralisation into car-oriented
suburban sprawl
Focus was given to road
design:
§ More infrastructure for cars
§ More space for motorized
vehicles, which let to less density
and often to sprawl
§ Unsustainable focus

20. Ø Greater
demand for
space
Ø Greater
demand for
travel
Ø Living areas
often far away
from
commercial
activities
Ø Greater impact
on traffic
Ø Greater impact
on health and
environment

21. SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
OPTIONS FOR

22. AVOID
Reducing the need to travel
SHIFT
Changing mode choice
IMPROVE
Increasing the energy efficiency
of vehicles, fuels and transport
operations
Carlos Pardo, 2008

23. How to tackle the problem
with urban transport?
Reduced Carbon Emissions
Capacity Building
IMPROVE
Improve the energy efficiency
of transport modes and
vehicle technology
• Low-friction lubricants
• Optimal tire pressure
• Low Rolling Resistance Tires
• Speed limits, Eco-Driving
(Raising Awareness)
• Shift to alternative fuels
• …
SHIFT
Shift to more
environmentally
friendly modes
• Mode shift to Non-Motorized
Transport
• Mode shift to Public
Transport
• Public Transp.Integration
• TransportDemand
Management(TDM)
REDUCE/AVOID
• Integration of transport
and land-use planning
• Smart logistics concepts
• …
Reduce or avoid travel
or the need to travel

24. Traditional focus was given to road design: More infrastructure for cars, more
space for motorized vehicles, unsustainable focus: Question is, how to use
limited road space best

25. Why starting with Liveability?
• A liveable city is a city that provides a high quality of life for its
citizens
• This requires:
• Economic strength
• Social balance
• Ecological viability
• All these elements are interdependent

26. Other factors:
• Safety/Crime
• Schools and education
• Recreation
• Political stability
• Availability of goods/services
• Economic/Business conditions
What influences Liveability?
Direct transport related factors:
§ Infrastructure
§ Accessibility
§ Quality of architecture
§ Urban design
§ Public Transportation
§ Public places
§ ...etc.

27. • Vienna, Austria (1st)
• Zurich, Switzerland (2nd)
• Auckland, New Zealand
(3rd )
• Munich, Germany (4th)
• Vancouver, Canada (5th)
§ Düsseldorf, Germany (6th)
§ Frankfurt, Germany (7th)
§ Geneva, Switzerland (8th)
§ Copenhagen, Denmark (9th)
§ Bern, Switzerland (10th)
Mercer Quality of Living Survey 2014 – Top 10 (worldwide):
Source: VBZ Zurich, 2009, http://vbz.ch.
Rankings of Quality of Living

28. €€€190001500-
2000
Mixed
Traffic
€€
40000 –
60000
Heavy Rail/
Metro
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60000 –
90000
Suburban
Rail
(e.g. Mumbai)
€
€€€
€€€
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14000
€€
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Cyclists
€€
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€€€
€€€
€€€
9000
BRT
single lane
Pedestrians
5000
€€€
€€€
€€€
Regular
Bus
??
BRT
double lane
€
€€€€
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Light Rail
€
€€€
€€€
€€€
€€€
€€€
€€€
€€€
18000 –
20000
(people per hour on 3.5 m wide lane in the city – PPHPD [PAX/hour/direction])
Source: Botma & Papendrecht, TU Delft 1991 andown figures
PPHPD
Range (à)
80000,
HKK
Maximum
PPHPD
achieved&
where (à)

29. Share (%) of public
transport, walking
and cycling
CO2 emissions (kg
per capita per year)
Houston 5% 5690 kg
Montreal 26% 1930 kg
Madrid 49% 1050 kg
London 50% 1050 kg
Paris 54% 950 kg
Berlin 61% 774 kg
Tokyo 68% 818 kg
Hongkong 89% 378 kg
CO2 emissions from passenger transport vs. modal split: Selected
cities, different densities, different lifestyles

30. Adopt
Sustainable
Transportation
Policy and
strategies

31. The push and pull approach

32. Design and implementation of land use
plans
• Curitiba’s solution: Land use and transport plans as part of
a Transit-Oriented Development plan

33. The case of Curitiba: land use and transport

34. The principles of the sustainable approach
High density,
compact
development
Mixed land
uses
Transit
oriented
development
Pedestrian /
NMT scale

35. <<<

39. New York’s
Sustainable Streets

42. Strategic Goals
o Cut annual traffic fatalities by 50% (from 2007 level)
o Implement system of rapid bus lines
o Double bicycle commuting from 2007 to 2012
o Institute complete-street design policy
o Institute programs to treat streets as public space
o Reduce agency energy and vehicle use

45. Examples: Seoul
Improving the level of service for citizens through changes of infrastructure
Before After

46. Examples: Seoul
Demolishing an urban highway created public space and valuable
redevelopment opportunities
Improved public space leads to increased quality of life

47. AFTER

48. Lyon’s waterfront with
bike share
Will our children find
our cities as
entertaining as playing
a video game?

49. TRANSPORT
DEMAND MANAGEMENT

54. PUBLIC
TRANSIT

55. BRT can be very
productive
Guangzhou, China
35,800 pax/day/km

56. BRT Guangzhou (Winner of 2011 STA Award)
• 22.5 km of dedicated bus way
• Over 800,000 passengers per
day on a single corridor
• 27,400 passengers per peak
hour per direction

57. BRT Guangzhou (Winner of 2011 STA Award)

58. BRT Guangzhou (Winner of 2011 STA Award)
Previous Situation

59. Current Situation
BRT Guangzhou (Winner of 2011 STA Award)

61. Carlos Pardo, 2008
Carlos Pardo, 2008

63. A city that is good for children, the elderly,the handicapped, the
poor, is good for everybodyelse.
- Enrique Peñalosa
Carlos Pardo, 2007
Julian Cram, Jon Bewley, Sustrans2008
Transmilenio, 2001

64. NON-MOTORIZED
TRANSPORT

66. Manfred Breithaupt, 2006
Judiza Zahir, 2008

68. Walking areas, proper sidewalks, cycling network, and car-
restricted zones
§ More safety for citizens
§ More pedestrian space
§ More traffic calming
measures
§ Preserve architectural
heritage and aesthetic
value
Promoting Public Space

69. Promoting cycling: Amsterdam
Promoting NMT

70. Promoting cycling: Amsterdam
Promoting NMT

72. “In terms of infrastructure, what differentiates advanced cities are
not highways or subways but quality sidewalks and cycleways”
Enrique Penalosa, former Mayor of Bogota, Colombia

73. Street design: Example from Rotterdam

74. Muenster, Germany- the German
cycling City

75. Main Components of Sustainable Transport
• Public Transport
with priority over
all other modes
on the road
• Non-motorised
transport
• Creating/conservi
ng public space
• PT Integration
• TDM measures
Do you see these factors here?

76. Non-European
Cities:
ü Bogotá
ü Curitiba
üSingapore
üTokyo
Europe:
ü Zurich
ü Vienna
ü Berlin
üAmsterdam
ü Groningen
ü Copenhagen
ü Freiburg
üMuenster
All of these successes featured an integrated and packaged approach:
1. High-quality public transport
2. Improved conditions for walking and bicycling
3. Effective integration of modes
4. Supportive land-use policies
5. Car-restriction measures

77. • Integrated Transport Policy: PT, NMT and IMT
• Modal Share of PT 36%
• More than 2/3 of journeys are done by PT and
NMT
• Vienna top ranked in quality of living surveys
conducted by the British consultancy firm
Mercer during years 2009 to 2012
Examples: Vienna (#1 Quality of living
Index)
Public Transport and NMT
(PT and NMT not for poorer cities, but smart
solutions, promoting growth and attractive-
ness. Proven to be a success factor for high
income and successful cities)

78. Relationship between GDP per Capita and
Individual Motorized Modal Share
Relationship between GDP per Capita and Individual Motorized Modal Share
The transport paradox
“Transport is uniqueas
the only development
sector that worsens as
incomes rise. While
sanitation, health,
education and
employment tend to
improve through
economic development,
traffic congestion tends
to worsen.”
…but still: Decoupling of
economic growth and
individual motorized
transport is achievable!

79. Leadership
World’s best systems
were developed with
high levels of political
support
With strong political
will, anything is
possible
Enrique Peñalosa
Former mayor of BogotaLee Myung-bak
Mayor of Seoul

80. A realtest for the success of interventionscan be seen in how
attractive the city is for children.

81. We can certainly learn
much from the
development of
sustainable mobility
worldwide.
Changing course can
mean that strategic
societal objectives are
achieved, consistent with
individual preferences
and city quality of life
goals.

82. § Active since 2002
§ GIZ SUTP Publications
§ Multimedia (gallery, videos)
§ 35,000 visitors (per month)
§ Approx. 20,000 downloads
(per month)
www.sutp.org
SUTP Website (Engl.,CN, Span.)

83. Training course manuals
• Bus Rapid Transit
• Public Awareness and Behavioural
Change
• Non-motorised Transport
• Cycling-inclusive Policy
Development: A Handbook
• Travel Demand Management
• Mass Transport Options
• Bus Regulation and Planning
• Financing Urban Transport
WWW.capsut.org

84. Our publications

85. • Co-founder and Partner of „Bridging the
Gap Initiative“ (www.transport2020.org)
• Partner and Co-founder of „Partnership on
Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport”
(http://www.slocat.net/ )
• Numerous international partners
• Close cooperation with specialised
German and European consultants
Our Partners and Networks

86. GIZ SUTP project
sutp@sutp.org
transport@giz.de
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