As Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) moves into the mainstream, hear the latest research on WMA performance from the respected National Center for Asphalt Technology, which puts various pavement technologies to the test under live traffic on a test track in Alabama.
Warm Mix Asphalt training documents provided by the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) for classes held June 26 & 27, 2013 in California, sponsored by the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA).
Axeon Refining’s warm mix asphalt product offers new advantages to asphalt contractors and road building engineers with zero capital investment. By lowering pavement placement temperatures, the jobsite becomes a more comfortable, odor-free working environment leading to increased productivity
Warm Mix Asphalt training documents provided by the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) for classes held June 26 & 27, 2013 in California, sponsored by the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA).
Warm Mix Asphalt training documents provided by the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) for classes held June 26 & 27, 2013 in California, sponsored by the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA).
Warm Mix Asphalt - Paving the Green WayShu Wei Goh
Field Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt - A technology that allowed the producers of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavement material to lower the temperatures at which the material is mixed and placed on the road.
As Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) moves into the mainstream, hear the latest research on WMA performance from the respected National Center for Asphalt Technology, which puts various pavement technologies to the test under live traffic on a test track in Alabama.
Warm Mix Asphalt training documents provided by the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) for classes held June 26 & 27, 2013 in California, sponsored by the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA).
Axeon Refining’s warm mix asphalt product offers new advantages to asphalt contractors and road building engineers with zero capital investment. By lowering pavement placement temperatures, the jobsite becomes a more comfortable, odor-free working environment leading to increased productivity
Warm Mix Asphalt training documents provided by the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) for classes held June 26 & 27, 2013 in California, sponsored by the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA).
Warm Mix Asphalt training documents provided by the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) for classes held June 26 & 27, 2013 in California, sponsored by the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA).
Warm Mix Asphalt - Paving the Green WayShu Wei Goh
Field Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt - A technology that allowed the producers of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavement material to lower the temperatures at which the material is mixed and placed on the road.
Presentation by Dr. Peter Sebaaly, UNR, at the joint L.A.-Orange County Technical Meeting of the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) on Sept. 30, 2015 in Carlsbad, Calif.
Presentation on asphalt binders by Bob Humer, Asphalt Institute, delivered at the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference April 25-26, 2018 in Ontario, CA.
Experimental investigation and optimization study of combustion chamber geome...IJERD Editor
An experimental investigation and optimization study of various piston geometries was conducted
on Greaves single cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine using straight diesel and blends of rice
bran biodiesel. The three combustion chamber geometries used in this study were Standard toroidal piston
(STP), hemispherical bowl piston (HBP) and Shallow toroidal re-entrant piston (STRP) at compression ratios of
18:1, 19.04:1 and 16.4:1 respectively. Rice bran biodiesel was derived by two step trans-esterification process
with an optimum yield of 86% with molar ratio 1:6, 06% of catalyst (KOH), 90 min reaction time and 65oC
reaction temperature. The performance parameters like brake specific energy consumption, brake thermal
efficiency and the emission parameters like carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen
were analysed in detail. It was noticed that the BSEC of STRP was 12.1% with diesel and 14.02% with B100
biodiesel blend. The brake thermal efficiency was also found to be improved with biodiesel blend with STRP on
comparison with STP and HBP. The carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission was found to decrease with
STRP geometry were as HBP exhibited negative improvement. NOx emission was also found to increase with
STRP.
Presentation by Sallie Houston, VSS Emultech, on asphalt emulsions, including how they are used in various aspects of pavement construction and maintenance. Presentation delivered on Nov. 7, 2019 at the California Asphalt Pavement Association Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference in Sacramento, Calif.
An Experimental Analysis of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteris...IJMER
Bio-diesel is one of the most promising alternatives for diesel needs. Use of edible oils may
create shortage of oil for daily food. This required identification of new kinds of non-edible vegetable oil.
With this objective, the present work has focused on the performance, combustion and emission
characteristics of diesel engine using simarouba oil and its blends with diesel. In this investigation, the
blends of varying proportions of simarouba biodiesel with diesel (S20, S40, S60, S80 & S100) were
prepared, analyzed, and compared the performance, combustion and exhaust emission with diesel using
5.2 kW Single cylinder, 4stroke diesel engine. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics
of blends are evaluated at variable loads and constant rated speed of 1500 rpm and found that the
performance of S20 blend of simarouba oil gives result, that is near to the diesel and also found that the
emission CO, HC, & NOX of this blend is less than the diesel.
Presentation by Dr. Peter Sebaaly, UNR, at the joint L.A.-Orange County Technical Meeting of the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) on Sept. 30, 2015 in Carlsbad, Calif.
Presentation on asphalt binders by Bob Humer, Asphalt Institute, delivered at the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference April 25-26, 2018 in Ontario, CA.
Experimental investigation and optimization study of combustion chamber geome...IJERD Editor
An experimental investigation and optimization study of various piston geometries was conducted
on Greaves single cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine using straight diesel and blends of rice
bran biodiesel. The three combustion chamber geometries used in this study were Standard toroidal piston
(STP), hemispherical bowl piston (HBP) and Shallow toroidal re-entrant piston (STRP) at compression ratios of
18:1, 19.04:1 and 16.4:1 respectively. Rice bran biodiesel was derived by two step trans-esterification process
with an optimum yield of 86% with molar ratio 1:6, 06% of catalyst (KOH), 90 min reaction time and 65oC
reaction temperature. The performance parameters like brake specific energy consumption, brake thermal
efficiency and the emission parameters like carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen
were analysed in detail. It was noticed that the BSEC of STRP was 12.1% with diesel and 14.02% with B100
biodiesel blend. The brake thermal efficiency was also found to be improved with biodiesel blend with STRP on
comparison with STP and HBP. The carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission was found to decrease with
STRP geometry were as HBP exhibited negative improvement. NOx emission was also found to increase with
STRP.
Presentation by Sallie Houston, VSS Emultech, on asphalt emulsions, including how they are used in various aspects of pavement construction and maintenance. Presentation delivered on Nov. 7, 2019 at the California Asphalt Pavement Association Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference in Sacramento, Calif.
An Experimental Analysis of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteris...IJMER
Bio-diesel is one of the most promising alternatives for diesel needs. Use of edible oils may
create shortage of oil for daily food. This required identification of new kinds of non-edible vegetable oil.
With this objective, the present work has focused on the performance, combustion and emission
characteristics of diesel engine using simarouba oil and its blends with diesel. In this investigation, the
blends of varying proportions of simarouba biodiesel with diesel (S20, S40, S60, S80 & S100) were
prepared, analyzed, and compared the performance, combustion and exhaust emission with diesel using
5.2 kW Single cylinder, 4stroke diesel engine. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics
of blends are evaluated at variable loads and constant rated speed of 1500 rpm and found that the
performance of S20 blend of simarouba oil gives result, that is near to the diesel and also found that the
emission CO, HC, & NOX of this blend is less than the diesel.
Dendrimers may be defined as synthetic three-dimensional hyper branched, globular macromolecule, which is characterized by its highly branched 3D structure that provides a high degree of surface functionality.
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (AAS) a.k.a SPEKTROSKOPI SERAPAN ATOM (SSA))Anna Funniisa'
AAS (spektroskopi serapan atom/ Atomic absorption spectroscopy) pertama kali dimanfaatkan Alan Walsh (1955). metode ini sangat tepat untuk analisis zat berkonsentrasi rendah. metode AAS berprinsip padaabsorpsi cahaya oleh atom-atom. Atom menyerap cahaya tersebut pada panjang gelombang tertentu, tergantung sifat unsurnya. Unsur-unsur yang dapat dideteksi oleh AAS/SSA adalah unsur-unsur logam, dan beberapa unsur non-logam (3 unsur).
In this topic , I have classified the classifications of silicates as well as its uses and functions in this modern age . Same goes to silicon and silicone . I also have discussed also the structure of silicone itself . Other than silicon , silicone and silicate , I have also discussed about Zeolites and Tin & Alloys . Enjoy .
Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) is hydrocarbon binder obtained through physical and chemical interaction of crumb rubber (produced by recycling of used tyres) with bitumen and some specific additives.
Presentation by Edgard Hitti of Paramount Petroleum, "Asphalt Binder Update -- New Specification on PG-M" delivered at the CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference Oct. 24, 2013 in Sacramento, Calif.
At the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring “Technical Tune-Up” Educational Workshop held April 5, 2022 in Brea, a presentation titled, "Warm Mix Asphalt Focus, by Cameron Richardson, Technical Marketing Manager, Ingevity. An experienced expert will provide best practices on the use of WMA to maximize the benefits of this technology.
He will cover all aspects from mix design, through production and finishing with compaction.
RoadstaB - Road stabilization technology invented in Russia to withstand the crucial climatic condition, at the same time providing economical, durable, and innovative future alternative road in India. Please do not confuse Road stabilization with Soil Stabilization.
Rheological Characterization of Bituminous Binder containing Wax based Warm M...IOSR Journals
Warm mix asphalt (WMA) has been gaining increasing popularity in recent years due to energy
savings and environmental benefits. The mechanism of WMA is to use some additives or technologies to reduce
the viscosity of bitumen and to modify the rheological behavior of bituminous binders, and thus improve the
workability of the mixture at lower temperature. In this study a paraffin wax based additive Sasobit is used to
reduce the viscosity and thus mixing and compaction temperature during hot mix asphalt production. VG 30
grade bitumen binder is used in the present study. Sasobit is added in the dose of 2 percent, 3 percent and 4
percent by weight of binder. Brookfield viscometer is used to determine the viscosity of the binders with and
without sasobit at test temperature of 90, 120, 150 and 180OC. Dynamic Shear Rheometer is used to study the
Rheological behavior of the modified n unmodified binders. The study shows that the mixing, laying and
compaction temperatures can be reduced considerably when sasobit is added to the binder. Laying and
compaction temperature can be as low as 80OC with VG-30 bitumen when 4 percent sasobit is added and due to
this there will be an overall reduction in quantity of emission of pollutants when the bituminous mix is made at
this low temperature.
Presentation on Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) delivered by Brandon Milar of MeadWestvaco at the CalAPA joint industry-agency Technical Committee meeting Dec. 10, 2014 in San Diego.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Chemical Devulcanization of Whole Truck Tire RubberVignesh Kumar
Recycling of rubber is the need of the hour considering the rapid depletion of resources. Used tires are one waste stream worth to consider for recycling. Possibilities for re-use of tire materials are granulate, reclaim or devulcanizate.
Devulcanization is a chemical process; however, the most efficient devulcanization aids are generally disulfides or mercaptans, which are expensive and have a repellant smell, thus difficult to use on an industrial scale. In order to develop an environmentally-sound and efficient devulcanization process, different rubber chemicals are compared concerning their devulcanization efficiency as well as the smell of the devulcanizate.
Chemical Devulcanization of Whole Truck Tire RubberVignesh Kumar
Recycling of rubber is the need of the hour considering the rapid depletion of resources. Used tires are one waste stream worth to consider for recycling. Possibilities for re-use of tire materials are granulate, reclaim or devulcanizate.
Devulcanization is a chemical process; however, the most efficient devulcanization aids are generally disulfides or mercaptans, which are expensive and have a repellant smell, thus difficult to use on an industrial scale. In order to develop an environmentally-sound and efficient devulcanization process, different rubber chemicals are compared concerning their devulcanization efficiency as well as the smell of the devulcanizate.
Similar to Kict presentation20140314final eng ROAD EXPO 2014 Mongolia (20)
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Kict presentation20140314final eng ROAD EXPO 2014 Mongolia
1. Development and Application of Polymer-
Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt Technology
Customized for Mongolia Road Condition
2nd International Mongolia Road Expo & Conference
March 21-22, 2014., Buyant-Ukhaa Sport‟s Palace
2. 2
Content
Polymer-Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt (PWMA)
Pavement Conditions in Mongolia
Field Applications of PWAM Customized for
Mongolian Road Condition
Development of PWAM Customized for
Mongolian Road Condition
Conclusions
3. 3
KICT Activity in Mongolia
KICT is collaborating with MRT, MRA, UB, ESTO to contribute
to improve Mongolian road condition
MOU
Technical
Support Training
5. 5
Key Factors of Building Good Asphalt Pavement
If anyone wants to build good pavement, you
should consider the following four key factors.
Material
Selection
Mix Design Production Construction
High quality and
consistent materials
should be selected
based on the
standard
specification.
Bitumen & Aggregate
Paving and
compacting process
should be proceed
with proper
temperature.
Mixing and
producing
temperatures
should be controlled
accurately at
asphalt plant.
Design Aggregate Structure
Design Binder Content
Laboratory mix
design and
performance tests
should be
conducted at well
equipped
laboratory.
6. 6
Causes of Early Failures in Mongolian Road
1. Traffic Loading 2. Environment Loading
3. Inappropriate Materials 4. No Quality Control of
Pavement Construction
7. 7
Ulaanbaatar City Road
7
Stripping
Construction
Joint
Thermal Crack
Surface Layer
Base Layer
Crushed Aggregate
Intermediate Layer
Base Layer
Crushed Aggregate
Surface Layer
18cm
4cm
3cm
5cm
6cm
15cm
30cm
Mongolia
Korea
Too thin asphalt layer leads to create crack
faster and other distress
Bad Smoothness
8. 8
South Gobi Road
Heavy Traffic
No QA/QC
Cold Weather
Early Failure after
1 year Service Life
9. 9
Polymer-Modified Asphalt
9
Polymer-modified asphalt
coats aggregates to
enhance adhesion
Aggregate
Aggregate
Asphalt Polymer
+ +
Aggregate
Polymer-Modified Asphalt Mixture
=
Polymer-Modified Asphalt
Polymer
Asphalt
Polymer-modifiedasphalt is
a compositionof bitumen
and polymer
10. 10
Polymer-Modified Asphalt Covers Wide Range of
Temperature
0 10 20 30 40 50 60-10-20-30-40 70 80
PG 58-28
PG 70-34
Unmodified Bitumen
Polymer-Modified Asphalt
This is the benefit
of the Polymer
Temperature ºC
-50
11. 11
Roles of Polymer-Modified Asphalt Pavement
Plastic Deformation
(Rutting)
Low Temperature
Cracking
Heavy Traffic Condition Cold Weather Condition
PMA Pavement leads to 1) Improve rutting resistance
2) Reduce fatigue cracking
3) Mitigate thermal cracking
4) Resist top-down cracking
12. 12
Considerations of Using Polymer-Modified Asphalt Mixture
Warm-mix asphalt technology
can reduce producing and
compacting temperature of
polymer-modified asphalt
mixture to maintain its
workability and compactability
Polymer-Modified Asphalt
Polymer-Modified Asphalt (PMA) mixture
should be produced at 170˚C to 190˚C
and compacted at 140˚C to 160˚C
because of maintaining mixture’s
workability and compactability.
※ If appropriate temperatures are not
achieved, well coating aggregate and
required field density are not
guaranteed
Polymer-Modified
Asphalt
Unmodified
Asphalt
14. 14
Benefits of Warm-Mix Asphalt
By decreased production,
and compaction
temperatures, we have
many benefits
WARM WARM
HOT HOT
Production Process
1. Saving Energy
2. Reducing Emissions
Paving Process
1. Better workability and
compactability
2. Extending Constriction
Period
3. Early Traffic Open
15. 15
Reduction of Traffic Open Time
Temperature vs. Time
WMA Pavement
5 hrs 20 min
HMA Pavement
7 hrs 30 min
Temperature(C)
Time (min)
Temperature Monitoring
16. 16
Extension of Compaction Temperature of Warm-Mix
Asphalt Pavements
200°C 180°C 160°C 140°C 120°C 100°C 80°C 60°C 40°C 20°C
1st 2nd 3rdHot-Mix
Asphalt
Warm-Mix
Asphalt
1st
Compaction
2nd
Compaction
3rd
Compaction
Not
compactable
1st 2nd
3rd Not
compactable
WMA provides longer compaction time
WMA provides longer construction period
Better workability
and
comapctability
17. 17
Extension of Paving Construction Period in Cold Region
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavement
Warm-Mix Asphalt Pavement
Current Period of Road Construction
in Mongolia (6 months)
Changed Period of Road Construction
in Mongolia (7.5 months)
WMA technology would extend construction period, about 2 months
in Mongolia, WMA mixtures are still workable and compactable at
low temperatures.
Extended period of road construction will encourage to build
more roads in Mongolia
12
18. 18
LEADCAP WMA Technology
LEADCAP Family
LEADCAP-B
(Base)
LEADCAP-M
(Modified)
LEADCAP-A
(Advanced)
In 2009, the Korea Institute of
Construction Technology (KICT)
and Kumho Petrochemical, Ltd.
developed a new warm-mix
asphalt technology.
Named “Low Energy and Low
Carbon-Dioxide Asphalt
Pavement (LEADCAP)”
LEADCAP is an additive of a
wax-based composition including
a crystal controller and an
adhesion promoter.
Easy to reduce viscosity of
bitumen to be compacted at
warm temperature
19. 19
Why We Should Use Polymer-Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt
(PWMA) Pavement in Mongolia
Heavy TrafficLow temperature
Thermal Crack
Construction Defect
Rutting Overall Damage
Traffic LoadingEnvironment Loading Quality Control &
Quality Assurance
Polymer Modified Asphalt (PMA) Warm-Mix Asphalt
SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymer)
Rubber : Elastic recovery properties
Wax based composition
Low viscosity
Improve rutting resistanceMitigate thermal cracking Manage temperatures
20. 20
Development of Polymer-Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt
(PWMA) Customized for Mongolian Weather and Traffic
Conditions
Improving
engineering
properties,
particularly, crack
resistance at low
temperature and
rutting resistance at
high temperature
Improving
workability
Providing better
compaction on the
road and the ability
to haul paving mix
for longer distance
Extending the
paving season by
being able to pave at
lower temperature
PMA
WMA
Polymer + LEADCAP
LEADCAP WMA additive
N2 Polymer N4 Polymer
21. 21
Ductility and Viscosity Results
Ductility Viscosity
2.8
1.9
1.7
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Stright Asphalt WMA PMA-N2 WMA PMA-N4
Rotationalviscosity
@135ºC(Pa.s)
Type of Asphalt Binder
The rotational viscosity of WMA
PMA-N2 and WMA PMA-N4
decreases about 0.9Pa.s to
1.1Pa.s compared to straight
asphalt.
It is good indicator of
effectiveness of WMA additive to
reduce the viscosity of polymer-
modified asphalt at 135 ºC
7.9
25.2
29.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Stright Asphalt WMA PMA-N2 WMA PMA-N4
Ductility(cm)
Type of Asphalt Binder
The ductility of WMA PMA-N2 and
WMA PMA-N4 increases about
17.3cm to 21.9 ºC compared to
straight asphalt.
It indicates that WMA PMA would
be more flexible than straight
asphalt at room temperature.
22. 22
PG & Flexibility at Low Temperature
Performance Grade
PG 58-28
PG 70-34
Unmodified
Bitumen
WARM
PMA
Bitumen
58
28
34
70
LowTemp.HighTemp.
Flexibility
Force(MPa) Deformation (mm)
Cold Bending Test
①
②
① Unmodified
Bitumen
② PWMA
Bitumen
24. 24
Field Application of PWMA Pavement in Mongolia
2012 2013
UKHAA KHUDAG –
GASHUUN SUKHAIT
South
Gobi Road
Ulaanbaatar City
Road
Ulaanbaatar City
Road
Project
Site
Project
Site
Project
Site
26. 26
Field Trials of PWMA Pavement in South Gobi Road in 2012
HMA PWMA-1 PWMA-2
Gmm (g/㎤) 2.505 2.492 2.499
Core Density (g/㎤) 2.267 2.295 2.305
Air Voids (%) 9.5 7.9 7.8
Condition Information
Weather Condition 2012.09 (Fall)
Mix Type 19mm Dense-Graded Asphalt
Additive Type-1 PWMA -1
Additive Type-2 PWMA-2
Mixing Type with
LEADCAP
Plant-mixed
Mixing Temp.
150±5˚C (PWMA-1)
155±5˚C (PWMA-2)
Compaction Temp.
140±5˚C (PWMA-1)
145±5˚C (PWMA-2)
27. 27
Field Trials of PWMA Pavement in Ulaanbaatar City Road
in 2012
Condition Information
Weather Condition 2012.09 (Fall)
Mix Type 13mm Dense-Graded Asphalt
Additive Type-1 WMA(LEADCAP)
Additive Type-2 PWMA(PMA+LEADCAP)
Mixing Type Plant-mixed
Mixing Temperature
140±5˚C (WMA)
150±5˚C (PWMA)
Compaction
Temperature
130±5˚C (WMA)
140±5˚C (PWMA)
HMA WMA WMA PMA
Gmm (g/㎤) 2.388 2.443 2.437
Core Density (g/㎤) 2.344 2.341 2.382
Air Voids (%) 1.8 4.1 2.5
28. 28
Field Trials of PWMA Pavement in Ulaanbaatar City Road
in 2013
Condition Information
Weather Condition 2013.09 (Fall)
Mix Type 13mm Dense-Graded Asphalt
Additive Type-2 PWMA(STE-M3)
Mixing Type Plant-mixed
Mixing Temperature 150±5˚C (PWMA)
Compaction
Temperature
140±5˚C (PWMA)
32. 32
Conclusions
1. Early distresses, such as cracks and rutting, have occurred from
Mongolian pavements due to heavy traffic, severe weather condition
and inappropriate quality control of paving construction.
2. Polymer-modified warm-mix asphalt(PWMA) is selected to enhance
rutting and crack resistances at high and low temperatures.
3. Polymer-modified warm-mix asphalt(PWMA) is selected to reduce
the mixing and compacting temperatures and to provide better
compaction on the road and ability to haul paving mix for longer
distances.
4. The PWMA field trials were successfully completed in South Gobi road
and Ulaanbaatar road.
5. Field experiences confirmed that PWMA is effective to produce and
compact asphalt mixture at temperature of 20°C lower than
conventional PMA mixture.
6. Long-term performance and durability of PWMA pavements should be
monitored and researched further.
33. 33
„NOTHING‟ is not an Option
Polymer-Modified Warm-
Mix Asphalt (PWMA)
Pavement will leads to
improve road condition in
Mongolia
Samsung Smart Phone
Hyundai Automobile
34. Thank You
2nd International Mongolia Road Expo & Conference
March 21-22, 2014., Buyant-Ukhaa Sport‟s Palace
БАЯРЛАЛАА