This document discusses ketones. It describes ketones as compounds with a carbonyl group where two alkyl groups are attached. Ketones can be colorless liquids or higher members being solids, and they have a pleasant smell. Ketones can be prepared through oxidation of secondary alcohols or by dry distillation of calcium salts of carboxylic acids. Common ketones used for their odor include 2-heptanone in clove flavoring and butanedione in butter flavoring. Ketones undergo addition reactions with hydroxylamine forming oximes and with hydrazine forming hydrazones.

1. KETONES

2. •If two alkyl group are
attached to the carbonyl
group the compound is
known as Ketones.

3. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
KETONES:
•Colorless Liquid
•Higher members of being solids
•Pleasant smell

4. REDUCTION OF KETONES:
• OH
CH3
C O + 2[H] CH3 C H (CH3CHCH3)
CH3
• CH3 OH

5. OXIDATION OF KETONES
•Ketones are not oxidized
under these conditions as
they lack the critical H for the
elimination to occur.

6. PREPARATION OF KETONES:
• By oxidation of secondary alcohols:
CH3 CrO3 CH3
CHOH C O
CH3 CH3
Isopropyl alcohol Acetone

7. BY DRY DISTILLATION OF CALCIUM
SALT OF CARBOXYLIC ACID:
Dry distillation of calcium salt of
fatty acid gives ketone.

8. NUMENCLATURE FOR KETONES
• Assigning the IUPAC names to ketones is similar to naming
aldehydes except that the ending –one is used instead of –
al . The rules for IUPAC ketone nomenclature follow:
 Rule 1… Select as the parent chain the longest carbon
chain that includes the carbon atom of the carbonyl group.

9. Rule 2… Name the parent chain by changing the –e
ending of the corresponding alkane name to –one.
This ending –one is pronounced as ‘’own’’
 Rule 3…Number the carbon such that the carbonyl
carbon atom receives the lowest possible number. The
position of the carbonyl carbon atom is noted by placing
a number immediately before the name of the parent
chain.

10. Rule 4… Determine the identity and location of any
substituents, and append this information to the front
of the parent chain name.
 Rule 5… Cyclic ketones are named by assigning
the number 1 to the carbon atom of the carbonyl
group. The rings is then numbered to give the lowest
number(s) to the atom(s) bearing substituent.

11. REACTIONS OF KETONE
Addition of hydroxylamine:
• ketone gives oximes with hydroxylamine.
Uses:
• Oil based paints
• Suppress skinning of paints
• Formation of skin on paints

12. REACTIONS
Addition of hydrazine :
• hydrazine gives hydrazone
Uses :
• Measuring the concentration of low molecular
weight aldehydes and,ketones.
• Medical

13. •
Ketone

14. SELECTED KETONES
WHOSE USES ARE
BASED ON THEIR
ODOR OR FLAVORS

15. CLOVE FLAVORING
Clove Flavoring.
• A popular flavor in cigarettes, oils, candy
and beer,
• the distinctive flavor and scent
of clove has found its way into
toothpastes,soaps, cosmetics and even
perfumes.
• If you love the taste of clove, we are
confidant you will love Bickford Flavor
sold-world clove flavoring.

16. CLOVE FLAVORING:
0
CH3 C (CH2)4 CH3
2-Heptanone

17. BUTTER FLAVORING
• Artificial butter flavoring may contain diacetyl,
acetylpropionyl, or acetoin, three natural compounds in
butter that contribute to its characteristic flavor.
• Because of this, manufacturers of margarines or similar
oil-based products typically add diacetyl, acetylpropionyl
and acetoin (along with beta carotene for the yellow
color) to make the final product butter-flavored, because
it would otherwise be relatively tasteless.

18. BUTTER FLAVORING:
O O
CH3 C C CH3
Butanedione

19. Prepared by:
Catalina Macatigbac
Charish Vertudazo
Gian Karl Manlangit
SOGOD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL