Presentation of IUPAC naming of aldehydes and ketones

1. Nomenclature of Aldehydes &
Ketones

2. Name Components
Prefix Root Ending
Denotes longest carbon
chain containing double bond
Denotes number, location -al -one
& identity of attached Indicates Indicates ketone
groups aldehyde functional group
functional group
The position of the C=O double bond in a ketone must be
indicated in the prefix. The double bond is given preference
in numbering

3. Example
CH3
CH 3 CH
2 H
H3C CH2
5 4 2 C 1
O
The C=O is on C-1 at the end of the chain.
Ending -al The carbonyl C is bonded to H  aldehyde
Root 5 carbons → pent pentanal
Substituent methyl on C-4; start
Prefix
numbering from aldehyde C
4-methylpentanal

4. Example O
5 4
7 1
8 CH2 CH2 C 2 CH3
H3C CH2 CH CH
3
6 Cl Cl
Ending -one
Root 8 carbons → oct octanone
Prefix position of C=O double bond is C-3;
2 Chloro groups on C-2 and C-4
2,4-dichloro-3-octanone

5. Example
O H3C 5 6
C
2 CH
4 CH2
H CH2 CH CH3
1 3
CH2
H3C
Ending -al
Root 6 carbons → hex hexanal
Prefix Start numbering at aldehyde C.
Ethyl group at C4; methyl group at C
4-ethyl-2methylhexanal

6. Example
CH3
O H2C 6
1 5 7
C 3 CH CH2
H3C CH2 CH2 CCl 3
2 4
Ending -one
Root 7 carbons → hept heptanon
Start numbering at C closest to
Prefix
C=O (which is C2). Ethyl group
at C4; 3 chloro’s at C7
7,7,7-trichloro-4-ethyl-2heptanone

7. Practice: Name the following
compounds
CH3 O
Br
C CH2
O H CH CH3 H3C CH2 CH2
CH3 CH2 C
H3C O
CH2
O Br Br
CH2
CH2 C CH2 CH2 CH3
CH2 CH2 CH C H3C C CH2 CH2 CH2
H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 H
O

8. Practice: Name the following
compounds
CH3
O
Br
O C CH2
H CH CH3 H3C CH2 CH2
CH3 CH2 C
2-methylcyclopentanone
H3C 2-methylbutanal O
1-bromo-2-pentanone
CH2 Br Br
CH2 O
CH2 C CH2 CH2 CH3
CH C H3C C CH2 CH2 CH2
CH2 CH2
H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 H
O
3-propyloctanal 4,4-dibromo-3-decanone
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