Ethers are organic compounds that contain an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms by single bonds. Common examples include diethyl ether and anisole. Ethers have higher boiling points than alkanes of similar molecular mass due to the oxygen atom. They are also more soluble in water than alkanes but have lower boiling points than alcohols of similar mass due to the lack of hydrogen bonding. Important properties of ethers include being flammable and reacting slowly with oxygen in air to form unstable peroxides. Cyclic ethers exist such as ethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, furan, and pyran.
13. Ether in the molecule
of which the two
ligands on the ether
group are different.
14. Name both hydrocarbon groups
bonded to the oxygen atom in
alphabetical order and add the word
ether, separating the words with a
space.
CHɜ—O—CH2—CHɜ
Ethyl methyl ether
CHɜ—CH2—O—
Ethyl phenyl ether
17. Name the alkyl group, add the
prefix di- , and then add the word
ether, separating the words with a
space.
CHɜ—O—CHɜ
Dimethyl ether
CHɜ—CH2—O—CH2—CHɜ
Diethyl ether
19. Is an — OR group, an akyl/aryl
group attached to an oxygen atom.
Examples:
CHɜ—O— CHɜ—CH2—O—
Methoxy group Ethoxy group
CHɜ—CH2—CH2—O—
Propoxy group
21. Rule 1: Select the longest carbon chain and
use its name as the base name.
Rule 2: Change the –yl ending of the other
hydrocarbon group to –oxy to obtain the
alkoxy group name; methyl becomes
methoxy, ethyl becomes ethoxy, etc.
Rule 3: Place the alkoxy name with a
locator number, infront of the base chain
name.
34. The boiling points of ethers
are similar to those of
alkanes of comparable
molecular mass and are much
lower than those of alcohols
of comparable molecular
mass.
35. Alkane
CHɜ—CH2—CH2—CH2—CHɜ
Mol. Mass = 72 amu bp=36°C
Ether
CHɜ—CH2—O—CH2—CHɜ
Mol. Mass = 74 amu bp=35°C
Alcohol
CHɜ—CH2—CH2—CH2—OH
Mol. Mass = 74 amu bp=117°C
36. The much higher boiling
point of the alcohol results
from hydrogen bonding
between alcohol molecules.