The document summarizes reactions of ketones and their applications. It discusses how ketones are formed by oxidation of secondary alcohols or by dry distillation of calcium salts of carboxylic acids. It then outlines several reactions of ketones including their addition reactions with hydroxylamine to form oximes, hydrazine to form hydrazones, Grignard reagents to form alcohols, and HCN to form cyanohydrins. Applications of products from these reactions include use in oil-based paints, measuring low molecular weight aldehydes and ketones, and in cosmetics and sun damage treatment.

2. Reactions of Ketone
and their application
Organic Chemistry
Instructor : Miss Maria

3. Presented by :Muhammad Asad Ullah
• Roll no : 14221507-005
• Class : Bs-Chemistry
• Semester : 2nd Sem

4. Ketones : If two alkyl group are attached to the carbonyl carbon the
compound is known as ketone.
• Physical properties:
• Colorless liquids
• Higher members being solids
• Pleasant smell

5. Preparation of Ketones
• By oxidation of secondary alcohols:
CH3 CrO3 CH3
CHOH C = O
CH3 CH3
isopropyl alcohol acetone
By dry distillation of calcium salt of carboxylic acid:
Dry distillation of
calcium salt of fatty acid gives ketone.

6. Reactions of ketone
• Addition of hydroxylamine:
ketone gives oximes with hydroxylamine.
• Uses:
Oil based paints
Suppress skinning of paints
Formation of skin on paints

7. Reactions
• Addition of hydrazine :
hydrazine gives hydrazone
• Uses :
Measuring the concentration of low molecular weight aldehydes and
ketones.
Medical

8. • Addition Grignard reagent :
Grignard reagent RMgX reacts with carbonyl
compounds to give alcohol
• Uses :
used as a solvent
naturally found in bear and chickpeas

9. • Addition of HCN :
HCN adds to carbonyl compounds to give cyanohydrin.
• Uses :
Treating sun damage
Treating to dry skin
Used in cosmetics

10. • Reaction with halogens
• Uses :
laboratory reagent
used in coating inks

11. References
• Organic chemistry for B.Sc. By Dr. Abdur Rahman PhD
• Organic chemistry By Peerson
• Industrial chemistry by Hardo Siegel
• Smith Michael B
• March and jerry (advanced organic Chemistry)

12. ANY QUESTION…?