Jose Rizal used his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo to expose the injustices and abuses of power by the Spanish clergy and civil officials in the Philippines. He contributed articles to the newspaper La Solidaridad under the agenda of reforming Philippine society and gaining more rights under Spanish rule, rather than revolution. However, his fearless criticisms provoked animosity from those in power. He advocated for representation in the Spanish parliament, more rights under the law, and Filipino priests rather than Spanish clergy.

1. Jose Rizal: Social concerns