Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892 and immediately established the civic organization La Liga Filipina. The organization aimed to unite the archipelago, provide mutual protection, defend against injustice, and promote education, agriculture, and commerce. However, La Liga Filipina was short-lived as Rizal was arrested just four days later and exiled to Dapitan. In Dapitan, Rizal lived a productive life teaching the local community for four years before returning to Manila, where he was imprisoned and eventually executed in 1896.

1. C h a p t e r 7 ( 1 8 9 1 - 1 8 9 6 )
A n U n e x p e c t e d R e a l i z a t i o n
a n d a n U n e x p e c t e d T u r n o f
E v e n t s

2. Introduction
 The last years of Rizal’s life from the time he left Europe to the time he
was executed divide into two periods: before and after his arrest for the
alleged complicity in the revolution of 1896.
 The first part has been dismissed as anticlimactic and the least productive
period of his life, a rude interruption to his political activity, effectively
silencing him. During this time he was nothing more than an ordinary
citizen except for a minimum of prohibitions on his activities and the
very light supervisions of the Spanish commander of the area that
eventually became his friend.
 The second part, a mere two months, belong to his glory where it set a
seal on his life’s work.

3. L a L i g a F i l i p i n a : F r o m
“ I m a g i n e d ” t o C i v i c
C o m m u n i t y

4. La Liga Filipina
 A week after Rizal arrived in Manila on June 26,
1892, he met a varied group in the house of Doroteo
Ongjunco and the inaugurated the La Liga Filipina.
 The association would die abruptly within four days
with Rizal’s arrest and exile.

5. Where did
the Liga
come from?

6. La Liga Filipina
 It pops without warning, seemingly without any gestation phase, and yet
it must have been important enough in Rizal’s mind for him to want to
inaugurate it very soon after his return to Manila.
 The earliest written notice we have of it is from a letter of Lopez Jaena to
Rizal in February 1892.
 A manuscript survives describing the organization of the Liga.
 It contains its goals, its organizational structure, the duties and rights of
its member and officers, notes on the investment of it funds, and general
rules.
 Rizal claims he wrote the manuscript upon the request of Jose Maria
Basa.

7. La Liga Filipina
 By the time of the writing of the Fili, Rizal’s low opinion of
then expatriate Filipino youth in Spain in particular had been
transformed into a sweeping indictment of the Filipino’s
capacity for self-rule.
 It was therefore imperative that Filipinos become a viable
civic community

8. La Liga Filipina
 In July, 1889, in that letter in Tagalog to del Pilar asking for
many copies of La Solaridad to send to the Philippines, Rizal
remarked “ let us not forget that it is there where ought to
sow if we wish to harvest”.
 In another letter written in October 1891, Rizal reflected on
the five months he spent in the Philippines when he returned
for the first time, callin it “a good book, just as good as the
Noli me tangere”.

9. La Liga Filipina
 Within a week of his arrival in Manila in June 1892, Rizal
unveiled the La Liga Filipina.
 The purposes were as follows:
 To unite the whole Archipelago into one, compact vigorous
and homogenous body.
 Mutual protection in every difficult situation and need.
 Defense against every violence and injustice
 Development of education, agriculture, and commerce
 The study and implementation of reforms.

10. La Liga Filipina
 In July, 1889, in that letter in Tagalog to del Pilar asking for
many copies of La Solaridad to send to the Philippines, Rizal
remarked “ let us not forget that it is there where ought to
sow if we wish to harvest”.
 In another letter written in October 1891, Rizal reflected on
the five months he spent in the Philippines when he returned
for the first time, calling it “a good book, just as good as the
Noli me tangere”.

11. La Liga Filipina
 In the Liga, Rizal offered a solution to the problem he
identified in the last chapter of the Fili. The organization was
going to be the vehicle for bringing about a civic
coommunity and his attempt to fulfill the imperatives of
history “ when a people reach these heights , God provides
the weapon, and the idols and the tyrants fall like a house of
cards”.

12. R i z a l ’ s R e t u r n t o t h e
P h i l i p p i n e s f r o m H o n g
K o n g

13. Rizal’s Return to Philippines from Hong Kong
 From Marseilles, Rizal sailed for Hong Kong where
he would briefly practice ophthalmic medicine.
 It was also in Hong Kong where Rizal translated
into Tagalog “The Declaration of the rights of Man”
(Manga Karapatan ng Tao)- a document written in
the French Revolution of 1789.

14. Rizal’s Return to Philippines from Hong Kong
 Rizal was fully aware of the big possibility that he
would die on his return to the Philippines ( as
expressed on his two letters he left to Dr. Marques)
but did not hesitate to return. His return also proved
his distractors wrong at the time who branded him
as coward for allegedly forgetting the Philippines in
exchange for the comfort of living in Hong Kong.

15. T h e E x a m i n e d L i f e
I n D a p i t a n

16. The Examined Life in Dapitan
 By 1893, he was giving classes a small group of
boys.
 In the middle of 1894, he wrote Blumentritt that he
was trying to teach the poor to make a better living.
 In this first year of exile, he spent the money paid
by a wealthy British patient on Streetlamps for the
town.

17. The Examined Life in Dapitan
 In 1894, he built a reservio, to which an adequate
brought water. The adequate was completed in
1985. These words from an American engineer a
decade later help to appreciate Rizal'a
accomplishment.


18. M i R e t i r o

19. Mi Retiro
 • Is a poem of longing and sadness, as would be
expected of an exile.
 • From 1892 to 1896 , he lived an unexciting but
fruitful life in Dapitan.


20. Mi Retiro
 • He expressed his adoration towards the country he and
the others were fighting for, and voiced out how glad he
was to be able to surrender his life to the Philippines. And
speaks about the men who gave their life for his beloved
country. Rizal said that their dedication and patriotism to
the country is without second thoughts. It doesn’t matter
how one struggles, that all struggles, all deaths are worth it
if it is for the good of the country.


21. Mi Retiro
• It is a sentimental, touching and exquisite poem
describing his home and life in lonely Dapitan.
• Then as he sits, he’s overcome with a sudden memory
of all the things he saw as grief, he realize that they were
what they were and it is his choice to see them as he once
did. Second guessing his choice to stay and die in his own
solitude he decides to return to the world from which he
once chose to retreat.

22. THE STRUGGLE WITH THE
FORCES OF HISTORY

23. THE STRUGGLE WITH THE FORCES OF HISTORY

The last two months of Rizal’s life were spent in
prison in Fort Santiago, Manila.He sailed for
Cuba on September 3, but after reaching
Barcelona on October 3, he was ordered to
return on the Philippines on October 6. He
arrived in Manila on November 3 and was
immediately put in prison.

24. THE STRUGGLE WITH THE FORCES OF HISTORY

Guerrero writes that, by the time Rizal was writing
the Fili, he was no longer a royal reformer
advocating for the gradual and peaceful political
emancipation of the Philippines. Yet he was
convinced that immediate independence would
only mean the rise of tyranny with a Filipino face,
that is, assuming that enough resources could be
marshalled then for a resort to arm with any
chance of success.

25. 
.
But revolution came away. Rizal had warned in “Filipinas
dentro de cien años” “the storage batteries are changing
little by little, and… one day the spark would fly out.” The
Philippines, after all, had a long history of uprisings. All
these, according to Guerrero, would make of Rizal a
“reluctant revolutionary” the embrace of revolution
resulting from “a flexible accommodation to the realities
of the situation” as it became clear to him that there was
little he could expect from Spain as from his own
countrymen whose lack of political commitment, let alone
civic virtues, was plain to see.

26. THE STRUGGLE WITH THE FORCES OF HISTORY

The last chapters of the Fili are heavily corrected,
and Guerrero thought the reason may not only have
been Rizal’s need to reduce the number of chapters
to cut down on printing cost. He speculates: “The
thought of revolution in real life may have called up
too many ‘bloody apparitions’; it also suggested the
many unexpected events, the twists and turns of
circumstance, the sudden whims of individuals, on
which the success of a revolution may hinge”.

27. Rizal's Return to the Catholic Faith
The controversy itself, however is truly curious, give
that the weight of historical evidence in favor of the
event is over whelming, including eyewitness and a
signed document to boot, signed in front of
eyewitness.
Renato Constantino's challenge
Constantino himself did not evade this
contradiction,and his solution is to call Rizal a
limited Filipino.Guerrero has his own solution to the
apparent contradiction.

28. Question for Discussion:
In the discussion of the apparent contradiction,
Rizal is always challenged,so to speak to
account for his actions.Revolution (or the
katipunan) is never called to account.Is this
fair?why should the Revolution be left
unquestioned?

29. Points for Reflection
In the first phase of the Philippines
Revolution (from its inception to the pact
of Biyak na bato).The Revolution were
composed of Tagalogs and
pampangos,as our flag testifies.The first
phase lasted a little over sixteen months.

30. Either The Revolution Was Wrong or Rizal Was
wrong
Perhaps it is the binary frame that is wrong.Today,of course,we
can do nothing less than discover the reasons that brought
Rizal to condemn the Revolution,and he should be judged on
the basis of those reasons.Likewise,we can do nothing less
than discover the reasons that brought Bonifacio and the
Katipunan to seek revolution,and the Revolution should be
judged on the basis of those reasons of course,the decision
to actually hold the Revolution has many aspect to take into
consideration in order to judge it, something Rizal found
himself forced to do.

31. MEMBERS:
MALAZARTE ,DHAILIN P. - BSCRIM 2
DUMAOG JHASTYL G - BS CRIM 2
MACARANDAN, RAEGIE - BS CRIM 2
NAMOCOT , ELBERT- BS CRIM 2
PIÑAFIEL, NIEJEL- BS CRIM 2
ILLANA, RIZZA JOYCE
OMONGOS, CRISCILLAB
GROUP 11- CHAPTER 7