Rizal spent time in Brussels writing his second novel El Filibusterismo and contributing articles to La Solidaridad. While there, he resided at a boarding house run by the Jacoby sisters and developed a romance with Suzanne Jacoby. However, concerns over his family's situation in the Philippines and a desire to oversee their legal case prompted Rizal to travel to Madrid in 1890.
POEMS OF RIZAL
Sa Aking Mga Kabata
“To my fellow children”
a poem about the love of one's native language written in Tagalog.
Jose Rizal wrote it in 1869 at the age of eight.
The poem was widely taught in Philippine schools to point out Rizal's precociousness and early development of his nationalistic ideals.
Mi Primera Inspiracion
“My first inspiration”
first poem written by Dr. Jose Rizal during his third academic year in Ateneo de Municipal.
He wrote the poem in 1874, before he turned 14.
He was delighted to see his mother, Doña Teodora Alonso, released from prison that same year so he dedicated the poem to her.
He also dedicated this poem to his mother’s birthday.
Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria
“Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light”
Rizal wrote this poem in the year 1876 at the age of fifteen.
It was written in Ateneo de Municipal in Manila.
The poem was written during the Spanish Government.
Alianza Íntima Entre La Religión Y La Buena Educación
“The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education”
Poem he wrote to show the important relationship between religion and education.
During the summer of April 1876, before entering his fifth year in Ateneo Municipal in June, Jose Rizal previous to turning fifteen wrote this poem along with Por La Educación Recibe Lustre La Patria.
Religious Poems
Al Nino Jesus
“To the Child Jesus”
written in Spanish by Jose Rizal in 1875 at the age of 14 during his stay Ateneo De Municipal.
After his mother’s imprisonment, he wrote many poems, mostly inspired by his friend and professor: Father Sanchez.
Among the poems he wrote, in 1875 were
the ff:
Felicitacion (Felicitation)
El Embarque Himno a la Flota de Magallanes (The Departure: Hymn to Magellan’s Fleet)
Y Es Español: Elcano, el Primero en dar la Vuelta al Mundo (And He Is Spanish Elcano, the First to Circumnavigate the World)
El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo)
In 1876, he wrote other poems on various topics. Among these are:
Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo
“In Memory of My Town”
Which was also another tender poem about the town where he was born.
Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo
“In Memory of My Town”
Rizal wrote it in 1876 when he was 15 years old while a student in the Ateneo de Manila.
This poem is about the Calamba, the place where he was born, which he loved very dearly.
The following year of 1877 also showed a lot of poetry that were written by him:
El Heroismo de Colon
“The Heroism of Columbus”
This poem praises Columbus for his adventurous spirit and his success as an explorer.
2 Reasons why famous poem of Rizal, “To The Filipino Youth” was described as “winning classic in Philippine Literature”
It was the first Spanish poem written by a Filipino, which gained recognition among known Spanish authors,
It contained for the first time, the nationalistic sentiment insinuating that the Filipinos, and no
POEMS OF RIZAL
Sa Aking Mga Kabata
“To my fellow children”
a poem about the love of one's native language written in Tagalog.
Jose Rizal wrote it in 1869 at the age of eight.
The poem was widely taught in Philippine schools to point out Rizal's precociousness and early development of his nationalistic ideals.
Mi Primera Inspiracion
“My first inspiration”
first poem written by Dr. Jose Rizal during his third academic year in Ateneo de Municipal.
He wrote the poem in 1874, before he turned 14.
He was delighted to see his mother, Doña Teodora Alonso, released from prison that same year so he dedicated the poem to her.
He also dedicated this poem to his mother’s birthday.
Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria
“Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light”
Rizal wrote this poem in the year 1876 at the age of fifteen.
It was written in Ateneo de Municipal in Manila.
The poem was written during the Spanish Government.
Alianza Íntima Entre La Religión Y La Buena Educación
“The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education”
Poem he wrote to show the important relationship between religion and education.
During the summer of April 1876, before entering his fifth year in Ateneo Municipal in June, Jose Rizal previous to turning fifteen wrote this poem along with Por La Educación Recibe Lustre La Patria.
Religious Poems
Al Nino Jesus
“To the Child Jesus”
written in Spanish by Jose Rizal in 1875 at the age of 14 during his stay Ateneo De Municipal.
After his mother’s imprisonment, he wrote many poems, mostly inspired by his friend and professor: Father Sanchez.
Among the poems he wrote, in 1875 were
the ff:
Felicitacion (Felicitation)
El Embarque Himno a la Flota de Magallanes (The Departure: Hymn to Magellan’s Fleet)
Y Es Español: Elcano, el Primero en dar la Vuelta al Mundo (And He Is Spanish Elcano, the First to Circumnavigate the World)
El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo)
In 1876, he wrote other poems on various topics. Among these are:
Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo
“In Memory of My Town”
Which was also another tender poem about the town where he was born.
Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo
“In Memory of My Town”
Rizal wrote it in 1876 when he was 15 years old while a student in the Ateneo de Manila.
This poem is about the Calamba, the place where he was born, which he loved very dearly.
The following year of 1877 also showed a lot of poetry that were written by him:
El Heroismo de Colon
“The Heroism of Columbus”
This poem praises Columbus for his adventurous spirit and his success as an explorer.
2 Reasons why famous poem of Rizal, “To The Filipino Youth” was described as “winning classic in Philippine Literature”
It was the first Spanish poem written by a Filipino, which gained recognition among known Spanish authors,
It contained for the first time, the nationalistic sentiment insinuating that the Filipinos, and no
Chapter 13 15: Chapter 13: Rizal's Visit to the United States 1888 Chapter 1...TriciaVillalobos
Life and Works of Rizal : Chapter 13: Rizal's Visit to the United States 1888
Chapter 15: Second Sojourn of Rizal In Paris and the Universal Exposition
Chapter 13 15: Chapter 13: Rizal's Visit to the United States 1888 Chapter 1...TriciaVillalobos
Life and Works of Rizal : Chapter 13: Rizal's Visit to the United States 1888
Chapter 15: Second Sojourn of Rizal In Paris and the Universal Exposition
This Part 5 comes from VOLUME FOUR: CHAPTER FIVE
of my now lengthy work. It begins with INTERNATIONAL PIONEERING5: 1982-1988
Autobiography is a literary form by which I attempt to centre my life in a literary way, a way that embellishes and defines, describes and delineates, that has been centred at least since my late teens when this pioneering venture began. This literary effort is not the only form; it is also method and function. I bring together form, method and function in one process, one expression. I like to think there is an intellectual, a spiritual union, a conjoining, here. Poetry attempts to whittle this conjoining away, to scatter it, fragment it. Life is an immense series offragments. Perhaps my poetry, as well as some of my prose, especially my more confessional journals, even defaces my life from time to time by inscribing, describing some of my sins of omission and commission which have been many.
There are many forces that attempt to fracture whatever unity, oneness and centring there has been in my life. That is putting the function of poetry about as negatively as one can. On a more positive note, poetry does more for me than I can describe in a few words here. Since my autobiography is really poetic autobiography, I think I try to combine the positive aspects of both genres. My autobiography weaves continuities and digs holes to find air-pockets. It engages in ventilations, drillings, exposures, divergencies and plays with time and space in a multitude of ways.-Ron Price with thanks to "Poetry: The Autobiography of a Thirst," Poetry and Autobiography: Internet.
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unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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4. Why are
you
leaving
Paris?
Because the cost
of living here in
Paris is very high
and the gay
social life in the
city is hampering
my literary works.
Sure? Isn’t it
because
you’re
running away
from a girl in
London?
5. Ok
then!
Of course
not! The
prices here
are just
really high.
Well then,
you can stay
in my place
without
paying any
rent.
Thank you,
but no
thanks my
friend.
7. They stayed in a boarding house at
38 Rue Philippe Champagne.
Rizal lived in this house when
he wrote his novel‘El Filibusterismo’
in 1890-1891
The boarding house is run by two Jacoby
sisters named Suzanne and Marie.
8. • Rizal spent his time writing
his second novel, El
Filibusterismo.
• He also wrote articles for La
Solidaridad and letter for his
family and friends.
• He also spent his remaining
time doing gymnastic in the
gymnasium, target practice
and fencing at the armory.
9. The articles he wrote for La Solidaridad during his stay in Brussel.
• “A La Defensa” (To La Defensa), April 30, 1889.
• “La verdad Para Todos” ( The Truth For All), May 31, 1889.
• “Vicente Barrantes’(Teatro Tagalo) June 15, 18889
• “Una Profanacion” (A Profanation), July 31, 1889
• “Verdades Nuevas” (New Truths), July 31, 1889
• “Crueldad” (Cruelty), August 15, 1889
• “Differencias” (Differences), September 15, 1889
• “Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences), November 30, 1889
• “Llanto y Risas” (Tears and Laughters), November 30, 1889
• “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude), January 15, 1890
Articles published in La Solidaridad
10. New tagalog orthography
• Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala
The New Orthography of the Language
• Rizal adapted the Filipinized tagalog in his
translations of Schiller’s Wilhelm Tell and
Andresen’s Fairy Tale
• Rizal gave credit to Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de
Tavera’s work El Sanscrito en Lengua Tagala
11. “I put this on record so that when the history
of this orthography is traced, which is
already being enlightened Tagalists, that
what is Caesar‟s be given to Caesar. This
innovation is due solely to Dr. Pardo de
Tavera „s studies on Tagalismo. I was one of
its most zealous propagandists”
12. Rizal Criticizes Madrid Filipinos for Gambling
MAY 28, 1890 –
Rizal wrote to
Marcelo H. del Pilar to
remind the Filipinos in
Madrid that they went
to Europe to work for
their Fatherland’s
freedom and not to
gamble.
13. “ Luna in Paris complains about the gambling of the Filipinos in
Madrid, and so does Ventura. They say that according to news from the
Philippines, the parents are very much disgusted…I am afraid we are
serving the friars‟ scheme. There is nothing at home to remind them that
the Filipino does not come to Europe to gamble and amuse himself, but
to work for our liberty and for the dignity of his race. It is not necessary
to leave the Philippines to gamble, for they already gamble very much.
If we who are called upon to do something, if we, in whom the poor
place their modest hopes, spend our time in these things precisely when
the years of youth should be employed in something more noble and
lofty for the very reason that youth is noble and lofty, I fear much that
we are fighting for a useless illusion, and that, instead of being worthy
of liberty we are worthy of slavery.
I appeal to the patriotism of all Filipinos to give the Spanish people
proof that we are superior to our misfortune and that neither are we
capable of being brutalized, nor can our noble sentiments be deafened
with the corruption of customs."
14. • Through gambling they are showing that
the Filipinos are not worthy of freedom
but of slavery
• They should spend their time doing
something noble and generous because
the youth is noble and generous
• The gambling Filipinos in Madrid became
very angry when they learned of Rizal’s
moralizing that they called him “Papa”
(pope) instead of “Pepe”.
15.
16. PRESINTEMENT OF DEATH
• Rizal had a bad dreams during the night in Brussels.
• LETTER TO DEL PILAR:
• In my childhood I had a strange belief that I
would not reach 30 years of age.
• I am preparing myself for death.
• Laong Laan (Ever Ready) is my true name.
17. SUMMARY OF RIZAL’S LETTER TO DEL PILAR:
“Sad presentiments (intuitions) assault me though I do not give them
entire credence (belief). In my childhood I had a strange belief that I
would not reach thirty years of age. I do not know why I thought, this.
There were two months during which almost every night I had no other
dream than that my friends and relatives were dead. Although I do not
believe in these things and although my body is very strong and I have no
illness and have no fear. I‟am preparing myself for death and for any
eventuality. Laong Laan is my name (Laging Handa) is my true name.
• Rizal wanted to finish his second novel before
went to his grave.
18. PREPARATION TO GO HOME
• Rizal could not stay in Brussels writing a book while
his parents, relatives and friends in the Philippines
were prosecuted.
RIZAL’S LETTER TO PONCE:
“I want to go back to the Philippines, and although I know it would be daring
and imprudent, what does that matter ?
The only thing that can detain me is a doubt whether my parents agree. Iam
afraid to disturb their last years .
In case they should object my homecoming, I would work for a livelihood in
some part of the world.”
• Rizal’s friends warned him of the danger that
awaited him at home
19. Something happened that made Rizal change his plan
in returning to the Philippines when he received a
letter from Paciano which related that they lost the
case against the Dominicans in Manila but they
appealed it to the Supreme Court in Spain.
June 20, 1890 – Rizal wrote to M. H. Del Pilar retaining the
latter’s service as a lawyer and informed Del Pilar that he was
going to Madrid, in order to supervise the handling of the case.
July 29, 1890 – he wrote a letter to Ponce announcing that he
was leaving Brussels at the beginning of the following month and
would arrive Madrid about the 3rd and 4th of August.
Decision to go to Madrid
20. August 1890 - He arrived in Madrid, burdened with sorrow
brought about by terrible news about his family and the
worsening trouble in his hometown
Spanish newspapers.
- El Resumen, El Dia, La Justicia and El Globo
“to cover the ears, open the purse, and fold the arms”
– El Resumen (liberal Spanish newspaper), in an article they published which talks
about the colonial policy of the Spaniards especially those in the Philippines and
other colonies
December 1890 - Rizal spent a cold month with a letter from
Leonor Rivera asking his forgiveness and telling him about
her forthcoming marriage to an Englishman chosen by her
mother.
21. To my Muse
Invoked no longer is the Muse,
The lyre is out of date;
The poets it no longer use,
And youth its inspiration now imbues
With other form and state.
If today our fancies aught
Of verse would still require,
Helicon’s hill remains unsought;
And without heed we but inquire,
Why the coffee is not brought.
In the place of thought sincere
That our hearts may feel,
We must seize a pen of steel,
And with verse and line severe
Fling abroad a jest and jeer.
22. Muse, that in the past inspired me,
And with songs of love hast fired me;
Go thou now to dull repose,
For today in sordid prose
I must earn the gold that hired me.
Now must I ponder deep,
Meditate, and struggle on;
E’en sometimes I must weep;
For he who love would keep
Great pain has undergone.
Fled are the days of ease,
The days of Love’s delight;
When flowers still would please
And give to suffering souls surcease
From pain and sorrow’s blight.
23. One by one they have passed on,
All I loved and moved among;
Dead or married—from me gone,
For all I place my heart upon
By fate adverse are stung.
Go thou, too, O Muse, depart,
Other regions fairer find;
For my land but offers art
For the laurel, chains that bind,
For a temple, prisons blind.
But before thou leavest me, speak:
Tell me with thy voice sublime,
Thou couldst ever from me seek
A song of sorrow for the weak,
Defiance to the tyrant’s crime.
24. Romance with petite Jacoby
As the despondent Rizal was preparing for
his trip to Madrid, two things brought some
measure of cheer to him:
• First, was the summertime festival of
Belgium which was celebrated in carnival
style with:
Colorful costumes
Fantastic floats and
Many days of merriment
• Second, was his romance with
Petite Suzanne Jacoby,
the pretty niece of his land ladies.
25. Leaving Brussels, Rizal left the young Suzanne a
box of chocolates.
Two months later, Suzanne wrote a letter to Dr.
Rizal, saying:
“After your departure, I did not take the chocolate. The box
is still intact as on the day of your parting. Don’t delay too
long writing us because I wear out the soles of my shoes for
running to the mailbox to see if there is a letter from you.
There will never be any home in which you are so loved as in
that in Brussels, so, you little bad boy, hurry up and come
back…”
26. In her another letter,
“Where are you now? Do you think of me once in a while? I am
reminded of our tender conversations, reading your letter, although it is cold
and indifferent. Here in your letter I have something which makes up for your
absence. How pleased I would be to follow you, to travel with you who are
always in my thoughts.
You wish me all kinds of luck, but forget that in the absence of a
beloved one a tender heart cannot feel happy.
A thousand things serve to distract your mind, my friend; but in my
case, I am sad, lonely, always alone with my thoughts – nothing, absolutely
nothing relieves my sorrow. Are you coming back? That’s what I want and
desire most ardently – you cannot refuse me.
I do not despair and I limit myself to murmuring against time which
runs so fast when it carries us toward a separation but goes so slowly when
it’s bringing us together again.
27. I feel very unhappy thinking that perhaps I might never see you again.
Goodbye! You know with one word you can make me very happy.
Aren’t you going to write to me?
To her surprise, Rizal returned to Brussels by the middle
of April 1891 and stayed again in the Jacoby’s boarding
house.
Rizal’s return however was not specifically for Suzanne
for the hero just busied himself revising and finalizing
the manuscript of El Fili for publication.
On July 5, 1891, Rizal bade goodbye to Brussels and
Suzanne, never to come back again in Belgium and in her
arms.
28. El Filibusterismo
“Reign of Greed”
Aim:
to address and reform the Spanish system
Writing of the novel:
Started writing in Calamba 1887 – revised the
plot and some chapters and continued in Paris
- then to Brussels – completed on March 29
1891 at Biarritz- published on September 1891
at Ghent.
It was partially funded by his friend Valentin
Ventura.
Comparison: (nher, I really don’t know if
nindot ba ni i.apil or dili,basin lang buh)
In Noli ma Tangere , there is aspiration, beauty,
romance, and merc, while, in El Filibusterismo,
all the reader will feel is bitterness, hatred, and
antipathy.
29. Aim:
(1) to work peacefully for political and social reforms
(2) to portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines
so that Spain may remedy them
(3) to oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism
(4) to advocate liberal ideas and progress
(5) to champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino
people to life, democracy and happiness
The articles he wrote for La Soli during his stay in Brussel.
“A La Defensa” (To La Defensa), April 30, 1889.
“La verdad Para Todos” ( The Truth For All), May 31, 1889.
“Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo,” June 15, 18889
“Una Profanacion” (A Profanation), July 31, 1889
“Verdades Nuevas” (New Truths), July 31, 1889
“Crueldad” (Cruelty), August 15, 1889
“Differencias” (Differences), September 15, 1889
“Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences), November 30, 1889
“Llanto y Risas” (Tears and Laughters), November 30, 1889
“Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude), January 15, 1890