Job analysis involves collecting details about job tasks, behaviors, tools, performance standards, and human requirements. It forms the basis for job descriptions and specifications. A job description outlines the key duties and responsibilities of a role, while a specification lists the necessary skills, qualifications, and experience. Methods for collecting job analysis information include interviews, questionnaires, observation, and participant diaries. Job analysis is important for other HR functions like recruitment, performance management, and training and development. Job design builds on job analysis by specifying individual tasks and combining them into roles to meet employee and organizational needs. Approaches to job design include job enlargement, job enrichment, and job rotation.