Job design involves describing job contents, tasks, and relationships to meet organizational, technical, and individual needs. An effective job design provides duties, incentives, resources, and compensation. Job design theories aim to optimize tasks, like scientific management which standardized and trained workers for accountable tasks. Proper job design motivates efficient managers, improving organizational efficiency and profits, while poor design causes problems like absenteeism. Job design approaches include enlargement, enrichment, simplification, rotation, and quality of life analysis.