This chapter introduces fundamental networking concepts including networking principles, types of networks, networking components, LAN topologies, standards organizations, Ethernet standards, the OSI and TCP/IP models, configuring network interfaces, and network troubleshooting. It aims to provide students with the knowledge needed to install devices on a network and understand basic networking concepts. The chapter covers various networking terms and technologies and includes worksheets, labs, and Packet Tracer activities for students.
The document discusses the network layer in computer networks. It describes the role of the network layer in enabling communication between end devices across networks. It examines the Internet Protocol (IP) as the most common network layer protocol and its key characteristics of being connectionless and unreliable. It also discusses how networks are logically grouped and addressed using hierarchical addressing to allow communication across multiple interconnected networks and the role of routing in forwarding packets between networks.
Q1 On Ch10 Routing Fundamentals And Subnetsjerometnewman
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts such as IP addressing, subnetting, routing protocols, and the OSI model. Specifically, it asks about determining the subnet address from an IP and subnet mask, benefits of subnetting, minimum bits that can be borrowed for subnetting, link-state routing protocols, routing protocol metrics, facts that can be determined from a subnet mask, the router function of path determination, routed protocols, effects of broadcast storms, processes in packet switching, parts of the IP packet header, non-routable protocols, the field that prevents endless loops, protocols that route based on network number only, and the OSI layer that provides reliable connections.
This document provides an overview and configuration guidance for Cisco's CCNA Switching certification course. It covers topics like high availability campus network design, spanning tree protocol operations and configurations, rapid PVST+, and troubleshooting techniques. The agenda includes discussions of STP variants, operations, port states, timers, and features to optimize convergence like PortFast, UplinkFast, BackboneFast, and root guard.
This chapter discusses network access and connectivity. It covers the physical layer, including different cabling media like copper, fiber optic and wireless. It then discusses the data link layer, including common standards, frame structure, logical vs physical topologies for LANs and WANs, and different media access control methods. The objectives are to understand device connectivity options, physical and data link layer functions, select appropriate media, and describe common protocols and standards.
The document discusses the network layer in computer networks. It describes the role of the network layer in enabling communication between end devices across networks. It examines the Internet Protocol (IP) as the most common network layer protocol and its key characteristics of being connectionless and unreliable. It also discusses how networks are logically grouped and addressed using hierarchical addressing to allow communication across multiple interconnected networks and the role of routing in forwarding packets between networks.
Q1 On Ch10 Routing Fundamentals And Subnetsjerometnewman
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts such as IP addressing, subnetting, routing protocols, and the OSI model. Specifically, it asks about determining the subnet address from an IP and subnet mask, benefits of subnetting, minimum bits that can be borrowed for subnetting, link-state routing protocols, routing protocol metrics, facts that can be determined from a subnet mask, the router function of path determination, routed protocols, effects of broadcast storms, processes in packet switching, parts of the IP packet header, non-routable protocols, the field that prevents endless loops, protocols that route based on network number only, and the OSI layer that provides reliable connections.
This document provides an overview and configuration guidance for Cisco's CCNA Switching certification course. It covers topics like high availability campus network design, spanning tree protocol operations and configurations, rapid PVST+, and troubleshooting techniques. The agenda includes discussions of STP variants, operations, port states, timers, and features to optimize convergence like PortFast, UplinkFast, BackboneFast, and root guard.
This chapter discusses network access and connectivity. It covers the physical layer, including different cabling media like copper, fiber optic and wireless. It then discusses the data link layer, including common standards, frame structure, logical vs physical topologies for LANs and WANs, and different media access control methods. The objectives are to understand device connectivity options, physical and data link layer functions, select appropriate media, and describe common protocols and standards.
The document discusses network design models for enterprise networks, including the Cisco Intelligent Information Network (IIN) model, Service-Oriented Network Architecture (SONA) framework, and Enterprise Composite Network model. The IIN integrates network resources across three phases: integrated transport, services, and applications. SONA defines three layers - application, interactive services, and network infrastructure layers. The Enterprise Composite Network model divides the network into the enterprise campus, edge, and service provider edge functional areas.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 7Nil Menon
This document discusses dynamic routing protocols and provides an overview of how they operate. It explains that dynamic routing protocols automatically share information about remote networks to determine the best path. The document compares static and dynamic routing, and outlines the basic process by which routers using dynamic routing protocols like RIP discover networks, exchange routing information, and update their routing tables. Objectives of the chapter are also listed, such as explaining dynamic routing operation and configuring RIP and OSPF protocols.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 3Nil Menon
The document discusses network protocols and communications. It explains that for communication between devices to occur, agreed upon rules and protocols must be followed. Key points covered include common network protocols like TCP/IP, the role of standards organizations in establishing protocols, and how data is encapsulated and moves through the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models when transmitted over a network. The chapter also addresses how devices on a local area network access both local and remote network resources through the use of addressing schemes and default gateways.
The document discusses wide area networks (WAN) and key concepts:
1) A WAN extends the reach of a network beyond a local area and uses shared transmission services from a provider.
2) WAN technologies operate at the physical layer (connections) and data link layer (encapsulation). Common options include leased lines, frame relay, ATM, and broadband technologies.
3) Factors in selecting a WAN include performance needs, connectivity, availability, and cost.
This document outlines tasks for a skills-based assessment lab involving configuration of routers R1, R2, and R3 connected in a network. The tasks include preparing the network by cabling according to a topology diagram, performing basic device configurations on the routers, configuring and activating interfaces, configuring RIP routing, securing the routers, using access control lists, and configuring NAT between two subnets. The goals are to configure various routing protocols, secure the network, and control traffic flow using ACLs and NAT.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 5Nil Menon
This document provides an overview of Ethernet networking concepts including:
- How Ethernet frames are encapsulated and the purpose of the MAC sublayers.
- How MAC addresses are assigned and their role in end-to-end communication.
- The purpose and process of ARP for resolving IP addresses to MAC addresses.
- Basic functions of network switches including building the MAC address table and frame forwarding methods like cut-through switching.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 3Nil Menon
This document discusses VLANs and trunking. It covers VLAN segmentation and implementation, including assigning ports to VLANs, configuring trunk ports, and troubleshooting VLAN and trunking issues. It also addresses VLAN security concerns like spoofing attacks and mitigation techniques like private VLANs. The document provides best practices for VLAN design such as separating management and user traffic into different VLANs.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 4Nil Menon
This document discusses network access and connectivity at the physical and data link layers. It covers various physical media including copper, fiber optic and wireless technologies. Frame structure and data link layer protocols are explained. Media access control methods for local area and wide area networks are also summarized. The objectives are to understand device connectivity options, physical and data link layer standards and protocols, and selecting the appropriate physical media.
This document provides an overview of Cisco's CCNA Routing and Switching certification program. It outlines the key changes being made to the CCNA curriculum and certification exams. The summary is:
Cisco is redesigning its CCNA Routing and Switching certification program to better align with current industry skills demands. The new program introduces 4 core courses and splits the CCNA exam into two parts. Supplemental materials and instructor training are being provided to help students and instructors transition smoothly to the new curriculum and certification.
This chapter of the IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software 4.1 instructional resource provides an overview of advanced personal computer technician jobs and safe lab procedures. It describes situations requiring computer component replacement and teaches how to upgrade, configure, troubleshoot and perform preventative maintenance on personal computer components and peripherals. The chapter objectives and activities, new terms, and changes from the previous version are outlined.
This chapter discusses advanced laptops and portable devices. It describes wireless communication methods, repairs, components, and preventative maintenance for laptops. The chapter objectives are to describe wireless technologies, repairs, laptop components, and troubleshooting techniques. Various worksheets and optional labs are provided as learning activities. New terms introduced include technologies like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, cellular networks as well as components like batteries, RAM, and docking stations. Changes from the previous version include additional details on wireless standards, cellular networks, and the laptop troubleshooting process.
The document discusses mobile devices, including hardware components, operating systems, and common features. It describes that mobile devices have non-upgradeable and non-field serviceable hardware. The main mobile operating systems are Android and iOS, which are compared. Common mobile device features like touchscreens, cameras, and GPS are also outlined. The document provides information on configuring network and email connectivity, securing devices with passcodes, and using cloud services for backup and remote management of smart devices.
The document discusses network design models for enterprise networks, including the Cisco Intelligent Information Network (IIN) model, Service-Oriented Network Architecture (SONA) framework, and Enterprise Composite Network model. The IIN integrates network resources across three phases: integrated transport, services, and applications. SONA defines three layers - application, interactive services, and network infrastructure layers. The Enterprise Composite Network model divides the network into the enterprise campus, edge, and service provider edge functional areas.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 7Nil Menon
This document discusses dynamic routing protocols and provides an overview of how they operate. It explains that dynamic routing protocols automatically share information about remote networks to determine the best path. The document compares static and dynamic routing, and outlines the basic process by which routers using dynamic routing protocols like RIP discover networks, exchange routing information, and update their routing tables. Objectives of the chapter are also listed, such as explaining dynamic routing operation and configuring RIP and OSPF protocols.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 3Nil Menon
The document discusses network protocols and communications. It explains that for communication between devices to occur, agreed upon rules and protocols must be followed. Key points covered include common network protocols like TCP/IP, the role of standards organizations in establishing protocols, and how data is encapsulated and moves through the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models when transmitted over a network. The chapter also addresses how devices on a local area network access both local and remote network resources through the use of addressing schemes and default gateways.
The document discusses wide area networks (WAN) and key concepts:
1) A WAN extends the reach of a network beyond a local area and uses shared transmission services from a provider.
2) WAN technologies operate at the physical layer (connections) and data link layer (encapsulation). Common options include leased lines, frame relay, ATM, and broadband technologies.
3) Factors in selecting a WAN include performance needs, connectivity, availability, and cost.
This document outlines tasks for a skills-based assessment lab involving configuration of routers R1, R2, and R3 connected in a network. The tasks include preparing the network by cabling according to a topology diagram, performing basic device configurations on the routers, configuring and activating interfaces, configuring RIP routing, securing the routers, using access control lists, and configuring NAT between two subnets. The goals are to configure various routing protocols, secure the network, and control traffic flow using ACLs and NAT.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 5Nil Menon
This document provides an overview of Ethernet networking concepts including:
- How Ethernet frames are encapsulated and the purpose of the MAC sublayers.
- How MAC addresses are assigned and their role in end-to-end communication.
- The purpose and process of ARP for resolving IP addresses to MAC addresses.
- Basic functions of network switches including building the MAC address table and frame forwarding methods like cut-through switching.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 3Nil Menon
This document discusses VLANs and trunking. It covers VLAN segmentation and implementation, including assigning ports to VLANs, configuring trunk ports, and troubleshooting VLAN and trunking issues. It also addresses VLAN security concerns like spoofing attacks and mitigation techniques like private VLANs. The document provides best practices for VLAN design such as separating management and user traffic into different VLANs.
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 4Nil Menon
This document discusses network access and connectivity at the physical and data link layers. It covers various physical media including copper, fiber optic and wireless technologies. Frame structure and data link layer protocols are explained. Media access control methods for local area and wide area networks are also summarized. The objectives are to understand device connectivity options, physical and data link layer standards and protocols, and selecting the appropriate physical media.
This document provides an overview of Cisco's CCNA Routing and Switching certification program. It outlines the key changes being made to the CCNA curriculum and certification exams. The summary is:
Cisco is redesigning its CCNA Routing and Switching certification program to better align with current industry skills demands. The new program introduces 4 core courses and splits the CCNA exam into two parts. Supplemental materials and instructor training are being provided to help students and instructors transition smoothly to the new curriculum and certification.
This chapter of the IT Essentials PC Hardware and Software 4.1 instructional resource provides an overview of advanced personal computer technician jobs and safe lab procedures. It describes situations requiring computer component replacement and teaches how to upgrade, configure, troubleshoot and perform preventative maintenance on personal computer components and peripherals. The chapter objectives and activities, new terms, and changes from the previous version are outlined.
This chapter discusses advanced laptops and portable devices. It describes wireless communication methods, repairs, components, and preventative maintenance for laptops. The chapter objectives are to describe wireless technologies, repairs, laptop components, and troubleshooting techniques. Various worksheets and optional labs are provided as learning activities. New terms introduced include technologies like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, cellular networks as well as components like batteries, RAM, and docking stations. Changes from the previous version include additional details on wireless standards, cellular networks, and the laptop troubleshooting process.
The document discusses mobile devices, including hardware components, operating systems, and common features. It describes that mobile devices have non-upgradeable and non-field serviceable hardware. The main mobile operating systems are Android and iOS, which are compared. Common mobile device features like touchscreens, cameras, and GPS are also outlined. The document provides information on configuring network and email connectivity, securing devices with passcodes, and using cloud services for backup and remote management of smart devices.
This chapter discusses advanced troubleshooting techniques and processes. It describes applying a six-step troubleshooting process to issues involving computer components, operating systems, networks, laptops, printers, and security. For each issue type, the chapter outlines the six steps and provides examples of common problems and solutions. The chapter concludes with a summary of describing how to apply the troubleshooting process to advanced problems and presenting advanced diagnostic questions.
This document provides an overview of printers, including different types of printers, how to install and configure printers, preventative maintenance, and troubleshooting. It describes inkjet printers, laser printers, thermal printers, and impact printers. It also outlines the steps for installing and configuring printers, setting up printer sharing, performing preventative maintenance, and going through the troubleshooting process. The goal is to help technicians understand printers in order to install, maintain, and troubleshoot any issues that may arise.
The document provides an overview of the content covered in Chapter 9 of the IT Essentials textbook, which includes explaining the importance of security, describing common security threats, identifying security procedures, preventative maintenance techniques, and how to troubleshoot security issues. It summarizes the learning objectives, lists the worksheets and activities, and previews the key topics covered in each section of the chapter such as viruses, firewalls, wireless security, and installing updates.
The document discusses the responsibilities and skills required of IT professionals. It covers the importance of communication skills in troubleshooting, as well as ethics, legal issues, and how to handle difficult customers. It also describes call center environments and the roles of level 1 and 2 technicians. Key points are that technical expertise must be paired with strong communication, and IT professionals must maintain high ethical and professional standards.
Easy IP Addressing and Subnetting Manual for StartersS Khawaja
This document provides an introduction to IP addressing concepts such as binary to decimal conversion, public and private IP addresses, and classes of IP addresses. It explains that an IP address identifies a node on a network and allows communication between nodes. It also describes the classes of IP addresses (A, B, C, D, E), noting that classes A, B, and C are most commonly used and define ranges for the number of allowed hosts and networks. The document then provides details on class A, B, and C IP addresses and how they divide the available addresses.
IEEE 802 is a set of standards dealing with local and metropolitan area networking technologies. It includes standards for Ethernet, wireless LANs, token ring networks, and other technologies. The standards define the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. Working groups maintain and develop standards for specific technologies areas, such as 802.11 for wireless LANs, 802.3 for Ethernet, and 802.16 for wireless broadband networks. The standards are developed through the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee.
IEEE 802 is a set of standards dealing with local and metropolitan area networking technologies. It includes standards for Ethernet, wireless LANs, token ring networks, and other technologies. The standards define the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. Various working groups maintain and develop standards for different network types within the IEEE 802 framework.
The document discusses networking concepts related to the physical and data link layers. It covers topics like physical layer protocols, Ethernet, cabling types (copper, fiber, wireless), network access methods, data link frames and addresses, and protocols like ARP. The presentation is intended to help students learn objectives for chapters 4 and 5 on network access, Ethernet, and related lower layer concepts.
The document discusses Ethernet technologies and concepts. It covers the basic Ethernet frame format, which includes fields for preamble, start-of-frame delimiter, destination address, source address, length/type, data, and frame check sequence. It also describes half-duplex frame transmission using CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access with collision detection) and the process stations follow to transmit frames and handle collisions. Additionally, it provides background on the development of Ethernet standards and the logical relationship between Ethernet and the OSI reference model.
This chapter discusses network access and connectivity. It covers the physical layer, including different cabling media like copper, fiber optic and wireless. It then discusses the data link layer, including common standards, frame structure, logical vs physical topologies for LANs and WANs, and different media access control methods. The objectives are to understand device connectivity options, physical and data link layer functions, select appropriate media, and describe common protocols and standards.
This chapter discusses network access and connectivity. It covers the physical layer, including different cabling media like copper, fiber optic and wireless. It then discusses the data link layer, including common standards, frame structure, logical vs physical topologies for LANs and WANs, and different media access control methods. The objectives are to understand device connectivity options, physical and data link layer functions, select appropriate media, and describe common protocols and standards.
This document provides an overview of the IoT protocol stack, with a focus on IEEE 802.15.4 and RPL. It describes the 7-layer IoT World Forum reference model and the layers' functions. It then discusses the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for low-rate wireless personal area networks, including its physical layer specifications, MAC layer features, and supported network topologies. Finally, it explains the RPL routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks, covering its directed acyclic graph structure, control messages, objective functions, and self-healing capabilities.
This chapter discusses network access and the data link layer. It covers topics like media access control techniques, common network topologies, frame structure, and physical layer standards and media. The objectives are for students to understand how the data link layer supports communication across networks and the role of the physical layer in this process. Key concepts covered include Ethernet, wireless networks, fiber optic and copper cabling, and an overview of data link layer frame structure.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 8 which covers networking principles, standards, and purposes. It discusses types of networks like LANs, WANs, and WLANs. Key topics covered include network topologies, protocols, hardware components, configuration, troubleshooting and more. The chapter objectives are outlined and various worksheets, activities and labs for students are provided.
Chapter 5: Objectives
-----------------------------------------------------------
Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:
Describe the operation of the Ethernet sublayers.
Identify the major fields of the Ethernet frame.
Describe the purpose and characteristics of the Ethernet MAC address.
Describe the purpose of ARP.
Explain how ARP requests impact network and host performance.
Explain basic switching concepts.
Compare fixed configuration and modular switches.
Configure a Layer 3 switch.
Yaser Rahmati | یاسر رحمتی
Rahmati Academy | آکادمی رحمتی
www.yaser-rahmati.ir
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Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:
1) Describe the operation of the Ethernet sublayers.
2) Identify the major fields of the Ethernet frame.
3) Describe the purpose and characteristics of the Ethernet MAC address.
4) Describe the purpose of ARP.
5) Explain how ARP requests impact network and host performance.
6) Explain basic switching concepts.
7) Compare fixed configuration and modular switches.
8) Configure a Layer 3 switch.
Ethernet is a local area network protocol used in both bus and star topologies. It was developed in 1972 and standardized by IEEE as 802.3. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD access method and has evolved from 10 Mbps speeds using coaxial cable to today's Gigabit speeds using twisted pair or fiber optic cabling. The Ethernet frame contains destination and source addresses, data, and a frame check sequence for error detection.
This document discusses matching network parameters between IBM System p and Cisco networks. It focuses on link aggregation (LA) and configuring multiple VLANs. For LA, it describes setting up an etherchannel on an IBM System p server using two network adapters and the corresponding configuration on a Cisco switch to bundle the network ports. It also discusses changing the LA load balancing hash mode. For VLANs, it mentions connecting Cisco catalyst switches to provide full VLAN connectivity to a virtual I/O server.
This document discusses performance issues related to the interoperability between IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet or wired LAN) and IEEE 802.11 (wireless LAN) standards in a heterogeneous network environment. It provides an overview of the two standards, including their development and key features. The document then examines interoperability issues that can occur when combining these different network types. It describes how data is exchanged between wired and wireless networks at the data link layer. The document also presents results from a simulation that showed LAN data transfer to be faster than WLAN information exchange.
The document is a chapter from a Cisco networking textbook that covers network access and the physical and data link layers. It includes sections on physical layer protocols and network media like copper, fiber optic and wireless; data link layer protocols; and media access control techniques. The chapter aims to explain how these protocols and services support communication across networks and compares different media access control and logical topologies.
The document discusses network access and connectivity. It covers physical layer protocols, network media like copper, fiber and wireless, data link layer protocols, and media access control techniques. Specific topics covered include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, physical and logical network topologies, common network cabling standards, and frame structure. The goal is for students to understand how networks are accessed at the data link layer and below.
The document discusses network access and connectivity. It covers physical layer protocols, network media like copper, fiber and wireless, data link layer protocols, and media access control techniques. Specific topics covered include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, physical and logical network topologies, common network cabling standards, and frame structure. The goal is for students to understand how networks are accessed at the data link layer and below.
This document is a chapter from a Cisco networking textbook that covers network access and the physical and data link layers. It discusses various physical network media like copper, fiber optic, and wireless cables and standards. It also examines data link layer protocols, frame structure, and media access control techniques. Specific topics include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth standards, logical link control, MAC sublayers, and common physical WAN topologies. The objectives are to explain how the physical and data link layers support network communications and compare different media access methods.
The document discusses planning and designing a small network, including:
- Identifying common devices used such as routers, switches, wireless access points, and IP phones.
- Design considerations for a small network like IP addressing, redundancy, traffic prioritization.
- Common network applications and protocols used, including VoIP, DHCP, DNS.
- Ensuring the network can support real-time applications like voice and video.
- Planning for future growth of the network through documentation, traffic analysis, and protocol analysis.
The document discusses the application layer of the OSI model and common application layer protocols. It covers how protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP, IMAP, FTP operate to provide services to end users. DNS and DHCP are also examined, with DNS translating names to IP addresses and DHCP automating IP address assignment. The application, presentation and session layers are described as working together to support applications and exchange data between hosts.
The document discusses the transport layer in computer networks. It describes how transport layer protocols like TCP and UDP support end-to-end communication by establishing connections between applications, segmenting data, and ensuring reliable or unreliable delivery. TCP provides reliable, in-order transmission using sequence numbers, acknowledgments and retransmissions if needed. UDP is connectionless and unreliable but has less overhead than TCP. The document compares TCP and UDP, and explains how applications use each protocol depending on their reliability needs.
This document provides an overview of subnetting IP networks and addressing schemes. It covers subnetting IPv4 networks, including calculating subnets and hosts for various prefix lengths. It also discusses variable length subnet masking to better utilize address space. Finally, it touches on considerations for structured network design and address planning.
The document provides instructor materials for a chapter on IP addressing in CCNA Routing and Switching. It covers IPv4 and IPv6 network addresses, including binary and decimal conversion, address structures, types of IPv4 addresses such as unicast, broadcast and multicast, and public vs private IP addresses. It also describes how to verify network connectivity using ICMP ping and traceroute utilities.
The document provides instructional materials for a chapter on the network layer. It covers topics like network layer protocols including IPv4 and IPv6, routing, routers, and configuring Cisco routers. Sections explain how network layer protocols support communication across networks and the purpose of fields in IPv4 and IPv6 packets. It also details how hosts, routers, and their routing tables determine the path for packets to travel to reach their destination on either the local network or remote networks.
This document provides an overview of chapter 5 topics in the CCNA Routing and Switching curriculum, including Ethernet protocols, LAN switches, and the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). Section 5.1 explains Ethernet encapsulation and frame formats. Section 5.2 describes how switches build MAC address tables to forward frames and the different forwarding methods switches can use. Section 5.3 explains how ARP maps IP addresses to MAC addresses to allow communication on a network.
The document provides an overview of chapter 4 in the CCNA Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks v6.0 instructor materials. The chapter covers network access, including physical layer protocols, network media, data link layer protocols, and media access control. It describes the purpose and functions of the physical layer, different types of physical connections and network interface cards. It also discusses the characteristics of common network media like copper cabling, including unshielded twisted-pair, shielded twisted-pair and coaxial cable. Standards for copper cabling categories are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of network protocols and communication. It discusses how rules and protocols govern communication and facilitate the exchange of information across networks. Standards organizations help establish common protocols to ensure interoperability. The document also examines how data is encapsulated and transferred across network layers using protocols like TCP/IP. Local devices access resources by using network and data link layer addresses.
The document provides instructions for configuring initial settings on a Cisco network device using Cisco IOS software, including configuring hostnames, limiting access to device configurations through passwords, and saving the running configuration. It describes assigning a unique hostname, securing privileged EXEC mode with the enable secret password, securing the console and virtual terminal lines with passwords and login, and using the service password-encryption command to encrypt passwords.
The document provides an overview of chapter 1 from the CCNA Routing and Switching Introduction to Networks course. It discusses how networks are used in everyday life and how they have changed the way people interact, learn, work and play. It also describes the basic components of networks, including end devices, intermediary devices, network media, and topologies. Additionally, it differentiates between local area networks (LANs), which span a small geographic area, and wide area networks (WANs), which interconnect LANs over a wider geographical area.
This document discusses VMware's vShield product line for securing virtualized environments. It begins with an overview of security challenges in virtualization and cloud computing. It then introduces the vShield Edge, App, and Endpoint products which provide cost-effective, simple and adaptive security. vShield Edge secures the network edge with firewall, VPN and load balancing capabilities. vShield App provides application-level protection and elastic security groups. vShield Endpoint offloads anti-virus scanning. Use cases demonstrate how vShield addresses security and compliance needs for service providers, enterprises and View deployments.
This chapter discusses network fundamentals, including setting up a small network with devices, protocols, and security measures. It covers topics such as creating device topologies, selecting devices, addressing schemes, and adding redundancy. The chapter also discusses common network protocols, scaling the network, threats to security, mitigating attacks, using ping and traceroute to test connectivity, show commands to view device information, backing up configuration files using TFTP or USB, and managing router and switch file systems.
This document provides an overview of Ethernet networking concepts including:
- The Ethernet protocol operates at the data link and physical layers and defines the LLC and MAC sublayers for encapsulating data.
- ARP resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses and maintains address mappings in ARP tables to allow communication on Ethernet networks.
- LAN switches perform layer 2 switching using MAC address tables to filter and forward frames to appropriate ports, improving network performance over hubs.
This document discusses subnetting and IP networking. It covers subnetting IPv4 and IPv6 networks, including calculating subnets and hosts, determining subnet masks, and the benefits of variable length subnet masking (VLSM). The objectives are explained such as why routing is needed, IP addressing, and IPv6 address assignments. Key concepts covered include network segmentation, addressing schemes, design considerations and a chapter summary.
This document provides an overview of IP addressing concepts. It begins with an introduction to binary and hexadecimal numbering systems used in IP addressing. The document then covers the basics of IPv4 addressing, including address structure, subnet masks, network vs host portions of addresses, and address types. It also discusses IPv6 addressing and the need to transition to IPv6 to address limitations in IPv4. Key topics include IPv6 address formats and types of IPv6 unicast addresses.
This document provides an overview of network layer concepts including network layer protocols, routing, routers, and configuring Cisco routers. It describes key network layer protocols like IPv4 and IPv6 and how routers use routing tables to forward packets across networks. The document also examines the components of routers and how they boot up and run the Cisco IOS operating system.
This document summarizes the transport layer and the key protocols TCP and UDP. It explains that the transport layer establishes communication sessions between applications, segments data for transmission, and ensures proper delivery. TCP provides reliable, ordered delivery using acknowledgements, while UDP is simpler but unreliable. Popular applications of each are discussed, showing how TCP and UDP address different network requirements.
The document discusses the application layer of the OSI model. It describes how application layer protocols like HTTP, SMTP, and FTP allow end-user applications to access network services and interact with other applications. It also covers protocols that provide IP addressing services, such as DNS for translating names to addresses and DHCP for dynamically assigning IP addresses. The document provides examples of common application layer protocols and how they facilitate file transfers, email, and web browsing. It concludes with a high-level summary of the key roles of the application layer.
This document summarizes a chapter about network protocols and communications. It discusses how protocols establish communication rules and standards organizations develop protocols through processes like RFCs. It also describes how data is encapsulated when moving through networks and OSI and TCP/IP models for conceptualizing network layers. Specific topics covered include protocol suites, addressing, data encapsulation, accessing local and remote network resources, and standards bodies.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.