ITE - Chapter 8

IT Essentials PC Hardware
and Software 4.1

Instructional Resource
Chapter 8: Fundamental
Networks

Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1

Chapter 8: Objectives
 Explain the principles of networking.
 Describe types of networks.
 Describe basic networking concepts and technologies.
 Describe the physical components of a network.
 Describe LAN topologies and architectures.
 Identify standards organizations.
 Identify Ethernet standards.
 Explain OSI and TCP/IP data models.
 Describe how to configure a NIC and a modem.
 Identify names, purposes, and characteristics of other technologies that are used to
establish connectivity.
 Identify and apply common preventive maintenance techniques that are used for
networks.
 Troubleshoot a network.

Chapter 8: Critical Concepts
 What is this chapter about and why is it important?
The chapter introduces networking and the basic concepts that are associated
with networking. Networks are everywhere; with voice, video, and data
converging on the same network, it is important for students to be able to install
devices on a network. Even students who are not planning on entering the
networking field must be able to add devices to the network, understand basic
networking concepts as they relate to such installations, and be able to configure
basic network settings.
Included in this introduction are the different types of networks, IP addressing
including using DHCP and ICMP to check for connectivity, network components
and cabling, Ethernet standards, Internet connectivity, and basic network
troubleshooting.


Chapter 8: Activities
 What activities are associated with this chapter?
8.3.2 Worksheet: Identify IP Address Classes
8.4.2 Packet Tracer Activity: Cabling a Simple Network
8.9.1 Worksheet: Internet Search for NIC Drivers
8.9.2 Lab: Configure an Ethernet NIC to use DHCP in Windows XP
8.9.2 Optional Lab: Configure an Ethernet NIC to use DHCP in Windows Vista
8.9.2 Packet Tracer Activity: Adding Computers to an Existing Network
8.10.3 Worksheet: Answer Broadband Questions
8.12.2 Worksheet: Diagnose a Network Problem
Chapter 8 Quiz


Chapter 8: New Terms
 What terms are introduced in this chapter?

1000BASE-T 8.7.1

100BASE-FX 8.7.1

100BASE-TX 8.7.1

100BASE-X 8.7.1

10BASE2 8.4.2

10BASE5 8.4.2

10BASE-FL 8.7.1

10BASE-T 8.7.1

access point 8.4.1

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 8.8.1


Chapter 8: New Terms (continued)

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 8.6

analog transmission 8.10.1

AppleTalk 8.3.4

Application Layer 8.8.2

Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) 8.10.1

attention (AT) command set 8.9.3

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) 8.3.3

bandwidth 8.3.1

Basic Rate Interface (BRI) 8.10.1

bit 8.3.1



bit rate 8.3.1

bridge 8.4.1

broadband 8.10.3

broadband satellite 8.10.3

bus topology 8.5.1

byte 8.3.1

cable modem 8.10.3

Category 3 8.4.2

Category 5 8.4.2

Category 5e 8.4.2



Category 6 8.4.2

cellular WAN 8.10.3

client/server network 8.2.5

coaxial cable 8.4.2

Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique (CCITT) 8.6

computer network 8.1.1

copper cable 8.1.1

CSMA/CD 8.7.1

Data Link Layer 8.8.2

de-encapsulation 8.8.2



default gateway 8.3.3

Dial-up Networking (DUN) 8.9.3

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) 8.10.1

domain 8.2.5

Domain Name System (DNS) 8.3.3

dual ring 8.5.2

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 8.3.3

Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) 8.6

electronic mail (e-mail) 8.1.2

encapsulation 8.8.2



Extended-star topology 8.5.1

external modem 8.9.3

Fast Ethernet 8.7.1

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) 8.5.2

fiber-optic cable 8.1.1

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 8.3.4

full-duplex transmission 8.3.1

half-duplex transmission 8.3.1

hierarchical star topology 8.5.1

High Data Rate DSL (HDSL) 8.10.1



host 8.1.1

hub 8.4.1

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 8.8.1

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 8.3.4

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) 8.3.4

IEEE 802.11a 8.7.2

IEEE 802.11b 8.7.2

IEEE 802.11g 8.7.2

IEEE 802.11n 8.7.2

IEEE 802.3 8.7.1



Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 8.6

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 8.6

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 8.6

Internet 8.10

Internet Architecture Board (IAB) 8.6

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 8.3.5

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) 8.3.4

Internet Protocol (IP) 8.8.1

Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX) 8.3.4

IP address 8.3.2



ISDN DSL (IDSL) 8.10.1

kilobytes per second (KB/s) 8.3.1

Local Area Network (LAN) 8.2.1

logical topology 8.5

MAC address 8.4.1

megabit 8.3.1

Megabits per second (Mbps) 8.3.1

mesh topology 8.5.1

multimode 8.4.2

NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI) 8.3.4



network 8.1

network administration 8.2.5

network basic input/output system (NetBIOS) 8.3.4

network indicator LED 8.9.2

Network Layer 8.8.2

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model 8.8.2

packet 8.3.1

Packet Internet Gopher (ping) 8.3.5

peer-to-peer computing 8.2.4

physical layer 8.8.2



physical topology 8.5

Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) 8.10

Post Office Protocol (POP) 8.3.4

Power Line Communication (PLC) 8.10.2

Presentation Layer 8.8.2

Primary Rate Interface (PRI) 8.10.1

protocol 8.3.4

Protocol Data Unit (PDU) 8.8.2

Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 8.10.4

ring topology 8.5.1



router 8.4.1

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 8.8.1

Secure Socket Host (SSH) 8.3.4

segment 8.4.1

Session Layer 8.8.2

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) 8.4.2

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 8.3.4

simplex 8.3.1

single-mode 8.4.2

star topology 8.5.1



subnet mask 8.3.2

subnetting 8.3.2

switch 8.4.1

Symmetric DSL (SDSL) 8.10.1

TCP/IP Model 8.8

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) 8.6

Telnet 8.3.4

ThickNet 8.4.2

ThinNet 8.4.2

Token Ring network 8.5.2



topology 8.5

tracert 8.9.2

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 8.8.1

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) 8.3.4

Transport Layer 8.8.2

twisted pair 8.4.2

uUnshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) 8.4.2

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 8.8.1

very-high-data-rate DSL (VDSL) 8.10.1

Virtual Private Network (VPN) 8.10.5



Voice over IP (VoIP) 8.10.4

Wide-Area Network (WAN) 8.2.2

Wireless Access Point (WAP) 8.4.1

wireless connection 8.1.1

workgroup 8.2.5


Chapter 8: Changes
 What has changed from the previous version (4.0) of ITEPC?
Page 8.2.5 Explain client/server networks
• Basics of workgroups and domains

Page 8.3.1 Explain bandwidth and data transmission
• Latency

Page 8.3.2 Describe IP addressing
• IP addresses
• Classes
• Subnet Mask

Page 8.3.3 Define DHCP
• Automatic configuration
• APIPA
• NAT


Chapter 8: Changes (continued)
Page 8.3.4 Describe Internet protocols and applications
• TCP/IP properties
• Common protocols and ports
• HTTP, FTP, POP, SMTP, Telnet, and HTTPS

Page 8.3.5 Define ICMP
• Ping

Page 8.4.2 Identify names, purposes, and characteristics of common network
cables
• Connectors
• RJ-45
•RJ-11

Page 8.7.1 Explain cabled Ethernet standards
• IEEE 802.3


Page 8.7.2 Explain wireless Ethernet standards
• 802.11a
• 802.11b
• 802.11g
• 802.11n

Page 8.8.1 Define the TCP/IP model
• Application Layer Protocols
• Transport Layer Protocols
• Internet Layer Protocols
• Network Access Layer ProtocolsPage 8.9.2 Attach a computer to existing
network
• Ipconfig Command
• Ping Command
• Telent Service


Page 8.10.3 Define broadband
• Bluetooth
• Cellular
• Fiber Broadband

Page 8.10.5 Define VPN
• Virtual Private Networks

Page 8.12.1 Review the troubleshooting process
• Identify the Problem
• Establish a Theory of Probable Causes
• Determine an Exact Cause
• Implement a Solution
• Verify Solution and Full System Functionality
• Document Findings


Page 8.12.2 Identify common network problems and solutions
• NIC LEDs are not lit
• A user is unable to use Telnet
• An older laptop cannot detect a wireless router
• A computer has an invalid IP address
• A remote device does not respond to a ping request
• A user is unable to connect to the Internet
• A laptop cannot connect to the wireless network


Chapter 8: Classroom Management
 Use the Cisco Discovery Networking for Home and Small Business curriculum
activities for extra networking practice:
• 3.1.3.2 explains network components
• 3.5.3.2 explains default gateway
• 5.1.3.2 explains network numbers
• 5.2.1.2 explains default subnet mask
• 5.2.2.3 explains public and private IP addressing
• 6.2.7.2 explains port numbers
• 6.3.3.3 explains OSI model
 Use the Cisco Exploration Network Fundamentals curriculum activities for extra
networking practice:
• 4.2.2.1 explains port numbers
• 6.4.1.1 explains the network and host portion of an IP address
 As a class project or homework assignment, the students should research the
technologies that are available in the area to connect to a network, such as cellular,
VoIP, satellite, etc.


Chapter 8: Teaching Analogies
 The OSI model is similar to creating a set of guidelines for building any type of
bicycle. The guidelines specify how to guide and stop the bicycle, how to carry a
person, and what type of tires to use for the bicycle.
 A traditional analog phone call could be compared to the television signals received
through an antenna. A VoIP phone call could be compared to the television digital
signals received through a cable provider.
 Data must be broken up into packets to be sent across the Internet. This is similar to
sorting a big basket of clothes by color and fabric in the laundry room. The capacity
of the washer determines the amount of clothes that can be washed, similar to how a
protocol specifies the amount of data that can go in one packet.
 Protocols are a set of rules that have been developed for a specific type of
communication. An analogy for the different protocols would be the rules that are set
before a meeting, such as agenda items and discussion time limits.


Chapter 8: Suggested Class Discussions
 What are some examples of different types of networks in our lives?
Possible examples may include a phone network, a cell phone network, a
network of friends, or a social or professional network.
 Compare and contrast the OSI versus TCP/IP models. Emphasize how
the TCP/IP model has real protocols where the OSI model is a theoretical
model.
 What are protocols?
 What kind of rules would a network need?
 How do you test communication?


Chapter 8: Best Practices
 Network two computers using a crossover cable or multiple computers using a
switch or hub.
 Share a printer on a network and print to it from another computer on the same
network.
 Configure a wireless access point and have the students connect to it with any
type of wireless device.
 Have the students work in teams to act out the rules of particular protocols, such
as TCP versus UDP.


Chapter 8: Outside Reading
Ethernet and Routing Basics by Cisco Systems
http://www.cisco.com


ITE - Chapter 8

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