Inter-VLAN routing is the process of forwarding network traffic from one VLAN to another VLAN using a
router.
VLANs divide broadcast domains in a LAN environment. Whenever hosts in one VLAN need to
communicate with hosts in another VLAN, the traffic must be routed between them. This is known as
inter-VLAN routing. On Catalyst switches it is accomplished by creating Layer 3 interfaces (Switch virtual
interfaces (SVI)).
Inter-VLAN routing is the process of forwarding network traffic from one VLAN to another VLAN using a
router.
VLANs divide broadcast domains in a LAN environment. Whenever hosts in one VLAN need to
communicate with hosts in another VLAN, the traffic must be routed between them. This is known as
inter-VLAN routing. On Catalyst switches it is accomplished by creating Layer 3 interfaces (Switch virtual
interfaces (SVI)).
in the slide we discuss - VLAN overview, effectiveness, benefits, how VLAN work, memberships mode, operations, creation Guidelines, add VLAN, accessing,managing and verifying .
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch4 - VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)Abdelkhalik Mosa
This chapter discusses in detail the VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP). How the VTP manages the consistency of VLAN configurations? Understanding the different components of the VTP: VTP domain, VTP Advertisements and the different VTP Modes. A switch can be configured in one of three modes: server, client, or transparent.
VTP pruning and the anatomy of VTP advertisements. The different types of VTP advertisements: summary advertisement, subset advertisement and request advertisement. This is followed by showing VTP in action.
Finally, the VTP configuration and the troubleshooting of common VTP connections problems such as incompatible VTP versions, incorrect VTP domain name and the incorrect revision number.
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) provide a way of grouping different network devices to ensure that those devices can communicate directly with one another.
This chapter will cover how to configure, manage, and troubleshoot VLANs and
VLAN trunks. It will also examine security considerations and strategies relating
to VLANs and trunks, and best practices for VLAN design.
in the slide we discuss - VLAN overview, effectiveness, benefits, how VLAN work, memberships mode, operations, creation Guidelines, add VLAN, accessing,managing and verifying .
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch4 - VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)Abdelkhalik Mosa
This chapter discusses in detail the VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP). How the VTP manages the consistency of VLAN configurations? Understanding the different components of the VTP: VTP domain, VTP Advertisements and the different VTP Modes. A switch can be configured in one of three modes: server, client, or transparent.
VTP pruning and the anatomy of VTP advertisements. The different types of VTP advertisements: summary advertisement, subset advertisement and request advertisement. This is followed by showing VTP in action.
Finally, the VTP configuration and the troubleshooting of common VTP connections problems such as incompatible VTP versions, incorrect VTP domain name and the incorrect revision number.
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) provide a way of grouping different network devices to ensure that those devices can communicate directly with one another.
This chapter will cover how to configure, manage, and troubleshoot VLANs and
VLAN trunks. It will also examine security considerations and strategies relating
to VLANs and trunks, and best practices for VLAN design.
Jongwings offer Game/App design & Development service.
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I tried to make as detailed, clear, abundant example and visual presentation of VLANs as possible. You can contact the e-mail address in the slide to get information about the yours issue or correct my any mistakes.
1) Describe the three primary options for enabling inter-VLAN routing.
2) Configure legacy inter-VLAN routing.
3) Configure router-on-a-stick inter-VLAN routing.
4) Troubleshoot common inter-VLAN configuration issues.
5) Troubleshoot common IP addressing issues in an inter-VLAN-routed environment.
6) Configure inter-VLAN routing using Layer 3 switching.
7) Troubleshoot inter-VLAN routing in a Layer 3-switched environment.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
IT0527 Inter-VLAN Routing
1. Lesson 04: Analyzing Inter-VLAN
Routing
Overview
◦ Routing is the process of determining where to send data packets destined for
addresses outside of the network.
◦ Routers gather and maintain routing information to enable the transmission and receipt
of data packets.
◦ For traffic to cross from one VLAN to another, a Layer 3 process is necessary.
Understanding Inter-VLAN Routing
◦ Inter-VLAN communication occurs between broadcast domains via a Layer 3 device.
◦ In a VLAN environment, frames are switched only between ports within the same
broadcast domain.
◦ VLANs perform network partitioning and traffic separation at Layer 2.
◦ Inter-VLAN communication cannot occur without a Layer 3 device, such as a router.
◦ This process uses IEEE 802.1Q to enable trunking on a router subinterface. See the
following diagram for a VLAN-to-VLAN overview.
2. VLAN-to-VLAN Overview
Obtained from Cisco.com.
Router on a Stick
◦ The diagram illustrates a router attached to a core switch.
◦ The configuration between a router and a core switch is sometimes referred to as a
router on a stick.
◦ The router can receive can receive packets on one VLAN and forward them to another
VLAN.
◦ To perform inter-VLAN routing functions, the router must know how to reach all
interconnected VLANs.
◦ There must be a separate connection on the router for each VLAN, or you must enable
802.1Q trunking on those connections.
◦ The router already knows about directly connected networks.
◦ The router must learn routes to networks to which it is not directly connected.
3. Overview of Subinterfaces
◦ To support 802.1Q trunking, you must subdivide the physical Fast Ethernet interface of
the router into multiple, logical, addressable interfaces, one per VLAN.
◦ The resulting logical interfaces are called Subinterfaces.
◦ Without this subdivision, you would to dedicate a separate physical interface to each
VLAN.
Example: Subinterfaces
Obtained from Cisco.com.
◦ In the figure, the FastEthernet0/0 interface is divided multiple subinterfaces:
FastEthernet0/0.1
FastEthernet0/0.2
FastEthernet0/0.3
4. Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing
Obtained from Cisco.com.
Example: Inter-VLAN routing with 802.1Q
◦
In the figure, the fastEthernet0/0 interface is divided into multiple subinterfaces.
◦
Each subinterface represents the router in each of the VLANs for which it routes, except in the native
VLAN (in this example there is only one subinterface).
◦
The 802.1Q native VLAN frames do not carry a tag.
◦
The native VLAN here is represented by the major interface of the trunk; therefore the FastEthernet0/0
interface has an IP address in the native VLAN address space.
5. Example: Inter-VLAN routing with 802.1Q
continues…
◦ Use the encapsulation dot1q vlan identifier IOS command (where vlan identifier is the
VLAN number) on each subinterface to enable 802.1Q encapsulation trunking.
◦ The subinterface number does not have to be the same as the VLAN
number, however, management is easier when the two numbers are the same.
◦ Alternatively, the native VLAN can be configured on a subinterface by using the
encapsulation dot1Q vlan identifier native IOS command on the subinterface.
◦ Ensure that the VLAN assigned as the native VLAN matches the native VLAN on the
switch to which the router connects.
6. Inter-VLAN Routing Using an Internal Router
Internal Router Using a Core 6500 Multilayer switch
◦
◦
Your organization’s Core 6500 switch employs Multilayer Switch Feature Card (MSFC) for inter-VLAN
routing.
◦
While inter-VLAN routing with a router on a tick uses an external router, your own organization
accomplishes the same VLAN routing functionality using a router built in to the Core 6500 switch.
In your organization, the router for inter-VLAN routing resides as a module inside the Core 6500 switch.
Example: Inter-VLAN routing with 802.1Q on a 6500
◦
The is no needs for subinterfaces for inter-VLAN routing in this environment
◦
To configure inter-VLAN routing on your Core 6500 environment you need to do the following:
You need to create a VLAN management interface on the Core 6500 switch to be used as the default
gateway for switches in the vtp client mode.
Assign an IP address to the management interface.
For switches in the vtp client mode, create inter-VLAN routing based on the Core management VLAN ID.
Assign a unique management IP address to each switch on the campus network that are trunking.
Use the Core management IP address as the default gateway for all other switches in the organization.
Configure uplink interfaces as trunking interfaces.
Use encapsulation dot1q.
Use native VLAN 100
Set uplink interface modes to trunk
The following diagram figure show an overview of the process:
8. Lesson 04: Wrap-up
Summary
◦ Inter-VLAN routing using a router on a stick
utilizes an external router to pass traffic between
VLANs.
◦ Inter-VLAN routing using a Core 6500 switch
utilizes an internal to pass traffic between VLANs
◦ A router on a stick is configured with a
subinterface for each VLAN (except possibly for
the native VLAN) and 802.1Q trunk
encapsulation.