VLANs logically segment networks based on functions or project teams, regardless of physical connections. VLANs create broadcast domains by assigning switch ports to VLANs. Routers are used for communication between VLANs. Common VLAN types include port-based VLANs where a device assumes the VLAN of its connected port, and dynamic VLANs where software assigns VLANs based on MAC addresses. VLAN tagging allows a link to carry multiple VLANs by adding a tag to frames to designate VLAN membership.
In computer networking, a single layer-2 network may be partitioned to create multiple distinct
broadcast domains, which are mutually isolated so that packets can only pass between them via one or
more routers; such a domain is referred to as a virtual local area network, virtual LAN or VLAN.
A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a logical group of workstations, servers and network devices that
appear to be on the same LAN despite their geographical distribution. A VLAN allows a network of
computers and users to communicate in a simulated environment as if they exist in a single LAN and are
sharing a single broadcast and multicast domain.
In computer networking, a single layer-2 network may be partitioned to create multiple distinct
broadcast domains, which are mutually isolated so that packets can only pass between them via one or
more routers; such a domain is referred to as a virtual local area network, virtual LAN or VLAN.
A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a logical group of workstations, servers and network devices that
appear to be on the same LAN despite their geographical distribution. A VLAN allows a network of
computers and users to communicate in a simulated environment as if they exist in a single LAN and are
sharing a single broadcast and multicast domain.
in the slide we discuss - VLAN overview, effectiveness, benefits, how VLAN work, memberships mode, operations, creation Guidelines, add VLAN, accessing,managing and verifying .
A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a group of hosts with a common set of requirements that communicate as if they were attached to the same broadcast domain regardless of their physical location
1. An introduction of LAN.
2. An introduction of VLAN.
3. Properties of VLAN.
4. Types of VLAN.
5. VLAN Identification Method
6. VLAN Trunking Protocol.
7. Inter-VLAN routing.
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) provide a way of grouping different network devices to ensure that those devices can communicate directly with one another.
in the slide we discuss - VLAN overview, effectiveness, benefits, how VLAN work, memberships mode, operations, creation Guidelines, add VLAN, accessing,managing and verifying .
A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a group of hosts with a common set of requirements that communicate as if they were attached to the same broadcast domain regardless of their physical location
1. An introduction of LAN.
2. An introduction of VLAN.
3. Properties of VLAN.
4. Types of VLAN.
5. VLAN Identification Method
6. VLAN Trunking Protocol.
7. Inter-VLAN routing.
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) provide a way of grouping different network devices to ensure that those devices can communicate directly with one another.
I tried to make as detailed, clear, abundant example and visual presentation of VLANs as possible. You can contact the e-mail address in the slide to get information about the yours issue or correct my any mistakes.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
2. Overview
• We will not cover all of the slides in this presentation, as we have
covered much of this in previous presentations.
• Define VLANs
• List the benefits of VLANs
• Explain how VLANs are used to create broadcast domains
• Explain how routers are used for communication between VLANs
• List the common VLAN types
• Define ISL and 802.1Q
• Explain the concept of geographic VLANs
• Configure static VLANs on 29xx series Catalyst switches
• Verify and save VLAN configurations
• Delete VLANs from a switch configuration
.
3. VLAN introduction
• VLANs provide segmentation based on broadcast domains.
• VLANs logically segment switched networks based on the functions,
project teams, or applications of the organization regardless of the
physical location or connections to the network.
• All workstations and servers used by a particular workgroup share the
same VLAN, regardless of the physical connection or location.
.
4. VLAN introduction
• VLANs are created to provide segmentation services traditionally
provided by physical routers in LAN configurations.
• VLANs address scalability, security, and network management.
Routers in VLAN topologies provide broadcast filtering, security, and
traffic flow management.
• Switches may not bridge any traffic between VLANs, as this would
violate the integrity of the VLAN broadcast domain.
• Traffic should only be routed between VLANs.
.
5. Broadcast domains with VLANs and routers
• A VLAN is a broadcast domain created by one or more switches.
• The network design above creates three separate broadcast
domains.
.
6. Broadcast domains with VLANs and
routers
• 1) Without VLANs, each group is on a
different IP network and on a different
switch.
• 2) Using VLANs. Switch is configured
with the ports on the appropriate
VLAN. Still, each group on a different
IP network; however, They are all on
the same switch.
• What are the broadcast domains in
each?
1) Without
VLANs
One link per VLAN or a single VLAN
Trunk (later)
2) With
VLANs
10.1.0.0/16
10.2.0.0/16
10.3.0.0/16
10.1.0.0/16
10.2.0.0/16
10.3.0.0/16
7. VLAN operation
• Each switch port can be assigned to a different VLAN.
• Ports assigned to the same VLAN share broadcasts.
• Ports that do not belong to that VLAN do not share these broadcasts.
.
8. VLAN operation
• Static membership VLANs are called port-based and port-centric
membership VLANs.
• As a device enters the network, it automatically assumes the VLAN
membership of the port to which it is attached.
• “The default VLAN for every port in the switch is the management
VLAN. The management VLAN is always VLAN 1 and may not be
deleted.”
– This statement does not give the whole story. We will examine
Management, Default and other VLANs at the end.
• All other ports on the switch may be reassigned to alternate VLANs.
• More on VLAN 1 later.
.
9. VLAN
operation
T w o V L A N s
T w o S u b n e t s
S w it c h 11 7 2 . 3 0 . 1 . 2 1
2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
V L A N 1
1 7 2 . 3 0 . 2 . 1 0
2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
V L A N 2
1 7 2 . 3 0 . 1 . 2 3
2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
V L A N 1
1 7 2 . 3 0 . 2 . 1 2
2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
V L A N 2
Important notes on VLANs:
1. VLANs are assigned on the switch port. There is no “VLAN” assignment done on
the host (usually).
2. In order for a host to be a part of that VLAN, it must be assigned an IP address
that belongs to the proper subnet.
Remember: VLAN = Subnet
1. Assigning a host to the correct VLAN is a 2-step process:
1. Connect the host to the correct port on the switch.
2. Assign to the host the correct IP address depending on the VLAN
memebership
1 2 3 4 5 6 .
1 2 1 2 2 1 .
Port
VLAN
.
10. VLAN operation
• Dynamic membership VLANs are created through network
management software. (Not as common as static VLANs)
• CiscoWorks 2000 or CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworks is
used to create Dynamic VLANs.
• Dynamic VLANs allow for membership based on the MAC address of
the device connected to the switch port.
• As a device enters the network, it queries a database within the switch
for a VLAN membership.
.
11. Benefits of VLANs
• The key benefit of VLANs is that they permit the network administrator
to organize the LAN logically instead of physically.
• This means that an administrator is able to do all of the following:
– Easily move workstations on the LAN.
– Easily add workstations to the LAN.
– Easily change the LAN configuration.
– Easily control network traffic.
– Improve security.
If a hub is connected to VLAN port on
a switch, all devices on that hub must
belong to the same VLAN.
12. N o V L A N s
S a m e a s a s in g le V L A N
T w o S u b n e t s
S w it c h 11 7 2 . 3 0 . 1 . 2 1
2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
1 7 2 . 3 0 . 2 . 1 0
2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
1 7 2 . 3 0 . 1 . 2 3
2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
1 7 2 . 3 0 . 2 . 1 2
2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
• Without VLANs, the ARP Request would be seen by all hosts.
• Again, consuming unnecessary network bandwidth and host processing
cycles.
ARP Request
Without VLANs – No Broadcast Control
13. T w o V L A N s
T w o S u b n e t s
S w it c h 11 7 2 . 3 0 . 1 . 2 1
2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
V L A N 1
1 7 2 . 3 0 . 2 . 1 0
2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
V L A N 2
1 7 2 . 3 0 . 1 . 2 3
2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
V L A N 1
1 7 2 . 3 0 . 2 . 1 2
2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
V L A N 2
Switch Port: VLAN ID
ARP Request
With VLANs – Broadcast Control
1 2 3 4 5 6 .
1 2 1 2 2 1 .
Port
VLAN
15. VLAN Tagging
• VLAN Tagging is used when a link needs to carry traffic for more than
one VLAN.
– Trunk link: As packets are received by the switch from any attached
end-station device, a unique packet identifier is added within each
header.
• This header information designates the VLAN membership of each
packet.
• The packet is then forwarded to the appropriate switches or routers based
on the VLAN identifier and MAC address.
• Upon reaching the destination node (Switch) the VLAN ID is removed from
the packet by the adjacent switch and forwarded to the attached device.
• Packet tagging provides a mechanism for controlling the flow of broadcasts
and applications while not interfering with the network and applications.
.
16. VLAN Tagging
• VLAN Tagging is used when a single link needs to carry
traffic for more than one VLAN.
No VLAN Tagging
VLAN Tagging
.
17. VLAN Tagging
• There are two major methods of frame tagging, Cisco proprietary Inter-
Switch Link (ISL) and IEEE 802.1Q.
• ISL used to be the most common, but is now being replaced by 802.1Q
frame tagging.
• Cisco recommends using 802.1Q.
• VLAN Tagging and Trunking will be discussed in the next chapter.
802.10
.
18. Two Types of VLANs
• End-to-End or Campus-wide VLANs
• Geographic or Local VLANs
.
21. End-to-End or Campus-wide VLANs
• End-to-End or Campus-wide VLANs
– Same VLAN/Subnet no matter what the location is on the network
– Trunking at the Core
– Usually not recommended by Cisco or other Vendors
– Adds complexity to network administration
– Does not resolve Layer 2 Spanning Tree issues
.
22. End-to-End or Campus-wide VLANs
When to use End-to-End?
• Since the core layer router is being used to route between subnets (VLANs),
the rule is:
– The network is engineered to have 80 percent of the traffic contained
within a VLAN.
– The remaining 20 percent crosses the router to the enterprise servers and
to the Internet and WAN.
– Note: This is known as the 80/20 rule. With today’s traffic patterns,
this rule is becoming obsolete.
.
23. Geographic or Local VLANs
• As many corporate networks have moved to centralize their resources,
end-to-end VLANs have become more difficult to maintain.
• Users are required to use many different resources, many of which are
no longer in their VLAN.
• Because of this shift in placement and usage of resources, VLANs are
now more frequently being created around geographic boundaries
rather than commonality boundaries.
24. Geographic or Local VLANs
• This geographic location can be as large as an entire building or as
small as a single switch inside a wiring closet.
• In a VLAN structure, it is typical to find the new 20/80 rule in
effect. 80 percent of the traffic is remote to the user and 20
percent of the traffic is local to the user.
• Although this topology means that the user must cross a Layer 3
device in order to reach 80 percent of the resources, this design allows
the network to provide for a deterministic, consistent method of
accessing resources.
.
25. Configuring static VLANs
• The following guidelines must be followed when configuring VLANs on
Cisco 29xx switches:
– The maximum number of VLANs is switch dependent.
• 29xx switches commonly allow 4,095 VLANs
– VLAN 1 is one of the factory-default VLANs.
– VLAN 1 is the default Ethernet VLAN.
– Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) and VLAN Trunking Protocol
(VTP) advertisements are sent on VLAN 1.
– The Catalyst 29xx IP address is in the VLAN 1 broadcast domain
by default.
– “The switch must be in VTP server mode to create, add, or delete
VLANs.” (This is not true. Switch could be in VTP Transparent
mode. VTP will be discussed in a moment.)
.
26. Creating VLANs
• Assigning access ports (non-trunk ports) to a specific VLAN
Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/9
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan vlan_number
• Create the VLAN: Switch#vlan database
Switch(vlan)#vlan vlan_number
Switch(vlan)#exit
.
27. Creating VLANs
• Assign ports to the VLAN
Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/9
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
• access – Denotes this port as an access port and not a trunk link (later)
vlan
10
Default
vlan 1
Default
vlan 1
.
30. Configuring Ranges of VLANs
SydneySwitch(config)#interface range fastethernet 0/8,
fastethernet 0/12
SydneySwitch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
SydneySwitch(config-if)#exit
This command does not work on all 2900 switches, such as the 2900
Series XL. It does work on the 2950.
vlan 3
.
31. Creating VLANs
vlan
300
Default
vlan 1
Default
vlan 1
SydneySwitch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
SydneySwitch(config-if)#switchport mode access
SydneySwitch(config-if)#exit
Note: The switchport mode access command should be configured
on all ports that the network administrator does not want to become a
trunk port.
• This will be discussed in more in the next chapter, section on DTP.
.
32. Creating VLANs
Default: dynamic desirable
• By default, all ports are configured as switchport mode dynamic
desirable, which means that if the port is connected to another switch with
an port configured with the same default mode (or desirable or auto), this link
will become a trunking link. (See my article on DTP on my web site for more
information.)
• When the switchport access vlan command is used, the switchport
mode access command is not necessary since the switchport access
vlan command configures the interface as an “access” port (non-trunk port).
• This will be discussed in more in the next chapter, section on DTP.
This link will become a trunking link unless one of the
ports is configured with as an access link, I.e.
switchport mode access
.
35. vlan database commands
• Optional Command to add, delete, or modify VLANs.
• VLAN names, numbers, and VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol)
information can be entered which “may” affect other switches besides
this one. (Discussed later).
• This does not assign any VLANs to an interface.
Switch#vlan database
Switch(vlan)#?
VLAN database editing buffer manipulation commands:
abort Exit mode without applying the changes
apply Apply current changes and bump revision number
exit Apply changes, bump revision number, and exit mode
no Negate a command or set its defaults
reset Abandon current changes and reread current database
show Show database information
vlan Add, delete, or modify values associated with a single VLAN
vtp Perform VTP administrative functions.
.
36. Deleting a Port VLAN Membership
Switch(config-if)#no switchport access vlan vlan_number
Deleting a VLAN
• Switch#vlan database
Switch(vlan)#No vlan vlan_number
Switch(vlan)#exit
.