The document discusses different types of isolation precautions including airborne, droplet, and contact precautions. It provides details on causative agents, patient placement, protective equipment, and criteria for discontinuing isolation for each type of precaution. Empiric isolation is also discussed for patients presenting with certain clinical syndromes until a definitive diagnosis can be made.
Definition of Isolation, Need of isolation, Types of Isolation, Mode Of Transmission Of Disease, Modes of Isolation, Types of precautions, Universal / standard precautions, Transmission based precautions, Advantages of Isolation, Disadvantages of Isolation, Isolation Ward in Hospital, Isolation Room in Hospital, Disease Wise Periods of Isolation Recommended etc.
Hospital acquired infections: The different common sources of infection, their routes of spread and the growing antimicrobial resistance. Also includes a discussion on hospital Infection prevention and control guidelines and the universal and standard precautions.
The nursing technique by which a patient with an infectious disease is prevented from infecting other people is called barrier nursing.Hand hygiene is the simplest, most effective measure for infection control.Contact Precautions
Airborne Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Three more elements have been added to standard precautions. They are:
4.1 Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
4.2 Safe injection practices
4.3Use of masks for insertion of catheters or injection into spinal or epidural areas
Definition of Isolation, Need of isolation, Types of Isolation, Mode Of Transmission Of Disease, Modes of Isolation, Types of precautions, Universal / standard precautions, Transmission based precautions, Advantages of Isolation, Disadvantages of Isolation, Isolation Ward in Hospital, Isolation Room in Hospital, Disease Wise Periods of Isolation Recommended etc.
Hospital acquired infections: The different common sources of infection, their routes of spread and the growing antimicrobial resistance. Also includes a discussion on hospital Infection prevention and control guidelines and the universal and standard precautions.
The nursing technique by which a patient with an infectious disease is prevented from infecting other people is called barrier nursing.Hand hygiene is the simplest, most effective measure for infection control.Contact Precautions
Airborne Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Three more elements have been added to standard precautions. They are:
4.1 Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
4.2 Safe injection practices
4.3Use of masks for insertion of catheters or injection into spinal or epidural areas
Hand washing, also known as hand hygiene, is the act of cleaning hands for the purpose of removing soil, dirt, and microorganisms. If water and soap is not available, hands can be cleaned with ash instead. Medical hand hygiene refers to hygiene practices related to medical procedures.
Surgical Hand Washing
By Josfeena Bashir
Lecturer, BGSBU, Jammu
Introduction
During the 19th century, surgical hand preparation consisted of washing the hands with antimicrobial soap and warm water, frequently with the use of a brush.
Definition
Hand washing is important in every setting, including hospital. It is an effective infection control measures, as it prevent spread of micro organisms. For routine client care, the CDC recommends a vigorous hand washing under a stream of water for at least 10 seconds using soap.
Purpose
To remove transient and resident bacteria from fingers, hand and forearms.
To prevent the risk of transmission of infection to patients.
To reduce the risk of transmission of infection organisms to oneself.
To prevent cross infection among clients.
Equipments/ Articles Used For Hand Washing
Soap in a soap dish
Bacteriocidal or antimicrobial soap.
Surgical scrub brush
Running water
Towel/ sterile towels
Surgical hand washing Steps of procedure
Done mask, hair cover and booties, if required
Perform 5 to 10 minute surgical scrub using counted brush stroke method.
Remove rings, chipped nail polish and watch.
Contd….
Wet hands and arm from elbows to fingerprints under flowing water (use sink with side or foot pedal).
Place soap, preferably antimicrobial/ bacteriostatic, on hands and rub vigorously for 15 to 30 seconds; use scrub brush gently
Contd….
Using circular motion, scrub all skin areas, joints, fingernails, between finger and so forth (on all sides and 2 inches above elbows); slide ring, if present, up and down while rubbing fingers.
Continue scrub for 5 to 10 min or per agency policy.
Contd…
Rinse hands from fingers to elbow under flow of water.
Repeat soaping, rubbing and rinsing until hands and arms are clean.
Pat hands dry with sterile towel, moving from fingers to wrist.
Needle stick injury and hazards of needle stickNCRIMS, Meerut
Needlestick injuries are wounds caused by sharps that accidentally puncture the skin.
Needlestick injuries are a hazard for people who work with hypodermic syringes and other needle equipment.
These injuries can occur at any time when people use, disassemble, or dispose of needles.
Hand washing, also known as hand hygiene, is the act of cleaning hands for the purpose of removing soil, dirt, and microorganisms. If water and soap is not available, hands can be cleaned with ash instead. Medical hand hygiene refers to hygiene practices related to medical procedures.
Surgical Hand Washing
By Josfeena Bashir
Lecturer, BGSBU, Jammu
Introduction
During the 19th century, surgical hand preparation consisted of washing the hands with antimicrobial soap and warm water, frequently with the use of a brush.
Definition
Hand washing is important in every setting, including hospital. It is an effective infection control measures, as it prevent spread of micro organisms. For routine client care, the CDC recommends a vigorous hand washing under a stream of water for at least 10 seconds using soap.
Purpose
To remove transient and resident bacteria from fingers, hand and forearms.
To prevent the risk of transmission of infection to patients.
To reduce the risk of transmission of infection organisms to oneself.
To prevent cross infection among clients.
Equipments/ Articles Used For Hand Washing
Soap in a soap dish
Bacteriocidal or antimicrobial soap.
Surgical scrub brush
Running water
Towel/ sterile towels
Surgical hand washing Steps of procedure
Done mask, hair cover and booties, if required
Perform 5 to 10 minute surgical scrub using counted brush stroke method.
Remove rings, chipped nail polish and watch.
Contd….
Wet hands and arm from elbows to fingerprints under flowing water (use sink with side or foot pedal).
Place soap, preferably antimicrobial/ bacteriostatic, on hands and rub vigorously for 15 to 30 seconds; use scrub brush gently
Contd….
Using circular motion, scrub all skin areas, joints, fingernails, between finger and so forth (on all sides and 2 inches above elbows); slide ring, if present, up and down while rubbing fingers.
Continue scrub for 5 to 10 min or per agency policy.
Contd…
Rinse hands from fingers to elbow under flow of water.
Repeat soaping, rubbing and rinsing until hands and arms are clean.
Pat hands dry with sterile towel, moving from fingers to wrist.
Needle stick injury and hazards of needle stickNCRIMS, Meerut
Needlestick injuries are wounds caused by sharps that accidentally puncture the skin.
Needlestick injuries are a hazard for people who work with hypodermic syringes and other needle equipment.
These injuries can occur at any time when people use, disassemble, or dispose of needles.
A. Standard Precautions-Standard precautions are to be followed for all patients, irrespective of their infection status.
These are to be used to avoid contact with blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions regardless of whether contaminated grossly with blood or not; non intact skin; and mucous membrane.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients
Infection control measure to be undertaken by hospital- Use standard precaution for the care of all patients.
This general mandate is necessary because it is sometimes not known if the patient is colonized or infected with certain pathogenic microorganisms.
Barrier precautions reduce the need to handle sharps.
B. Transmission Precautions- The second tier condenses the disease-specific and categories approach to isolation into new transmission categories to be taken based on the route of transmission of organisms like contact precautions, airborne precautions, etc.
These precautions are designed for specific patients with highly transmissible pathogens
Learn about the newest updates to AORN's evidence-based Recommended Practices for the Prevention of Transmissible Infections. This is the presentation given in a live webinar with Lisa Spruce, RN, DNP, ACNS, ACNP, ANP, CNOR. The webinar is available for free replay at http://bit.ly/1243qQU. 1 contact hour is also available with this webinar replay. See more of AORN's webinars at http://bit.ly/16A2G9v.
any infection developing in a patient after
two days of hospitalization can be labelled as healthcare-associated infection (HAI)or hospital Aquired infection . Among them, there are four
major types which are commonly encountered and
therefore need to be discussed in detail. These are also the
HAIs for which surveillance is recommended.
1. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)
2. Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI)
3. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
4. Surgical site infection (SSI).
Out of these, the first three (CAUTI, CRBSI, VAP) are
together called as device associated infections (DAIs).
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16. TUBERCULOSIS
• Laryngeal/Pulmonary TB with positive
smear sputum sample for acid fast
bacilli is transmitted by airborne.
• After 2 weeks from starting effective
treatment, 3 sputum samples (with 8
hours in between & at least one
morning sample) should be negative
to discontinue the isolation.
17. MERS CoV
• Suspected or confirmed cases of
MERS-COV will be under AIRBORNE
and CONTACT PRECAUTION.
• For positive cases we can discontinue
isolation 48hrs after S/S
disappearance with at least one
negative lab result.
18. Causative agents of diseases under droplet
precaution are greater than 5 μm. They can
travel up to 3 feet (1 meter) before
falling to the ground
19. • Haemophilus influenzae type B
disease, including meningitis,
pneumonia, epiglottis and sepsis
• Streptococcal (group A)
pharyngitis, scarlet fever in
infants and young children
• Influenza, Mumps
21. Protection for HCW
• Standard precautions
• Surgical mask if working within 3
feet of the patient
Patient Transport
• Limit movement
• Mask the patient with
surgical mask
22.
23.
24.
25. Use In addition to standard precaution,
for patients known or suspected to have
serious illness transmitted through
contact
29. Protection for HCW
• Handwashing
• Gloves
• Gown
Patient Transport
• Limit movement
30.
31.
32.
33. MDRO
• All Colonization/Infection patients
with MDRO should be under Contact
Isolation.
• Isolation can be discontinued after
receiving 3 negative lab result 48hrs
after antimicrobial discontinuation.
34. • The risk of infection transmission may
be highest before a definitive
diagnosis can be reached
• Therefore, patients with certain
clinical syndromes should be isolated
empirically until we have a definitive
diagnosis.
35. Example
Patient with chronic cough more than 2
weeks, fever, weight loss, and night sweat.
The patient should be under empiric
airborne Isolation until sputum sample AFB
lab result is received
If positive continu isolation. If 3 negative ,
D/C isolation
36. PROTECTIVE ISOLATION
• It is implemented for
immunocompromised patient.
• Patient is placed in positive pressure
room. With HEPA-FILTER for air
supply.
• Sick people are not allowed to visit
the patient.
• Pets and plants are also not allowed.
