Case of 3 islands being located in what was going to be the Channel sea. The global temperature and the sea rise occured during the quaternary. Between -20,000 years and -10,000 years between France and England was a cold season wi in average peak of cold would be around - 20,000.

1. Mont Saint Michel/Saint Michael Bay (in Normandy, today): My viewpoint, in France, it is a Landmark within the channel sea and pivotal for the geological event, « which is the quaternary warming up of the atmopshere » . The reason for that is because, « it has witnessed the weather changes during an intense warming up - Global warming ? »- that created channel sea rising and Mont Dol permanently submerged. Motivated by : 1- In the geo-paleo-history of the channel sea, Mont Dol is a twin island of Saint Michael Bay, and 2-As these conditions remained unchallenged in average until today, as shown by Lillimer Mont quaternary good conditions of the environment for life. GS RADJOU -> georges_radjou_wb@hotmail.com THE MECHANISM OF CLIMATE CHANGES THIS HAS HAPPENED 20,000 YEARS AGO THIS MAY HAPPEN AGAIN (excluding the Black Carbon formation causing the global warming)

2. POOLS OF WATER AT QUATERNARY PERIOD 10,000 – 40,000 Mont Dol Mont Saint Michel Lillimer Channel Islands (Like brother and sister islands) Sea levels Between France and England Minimalistic 4,000 10,000 20,000 Maximalistic POOLS OF WATER AT QUATERNARY PERIOD 10,000 – 40,000 Years Sea elevation Mont Dol submerged Pivotal for the geological event Geological climate related conditons of the island remained unchange From -4,000 years GS RADJOU

3. continent Channel Sea Year 20,000 Balance between the Sea and Land in the Quaternary period Ice formation on land Sea Water removed Water Transfer due to the shrinkage Weather freezes Weather warms Year 4,000 Island ICE MELT P E A K S O F C O L D My basic theory of sea rising My basic theory of sea rising Sea opening/closure mechanisms with weather pattern changes SHELF (BEDROCK STONE) ISLAND SHELF (BEDROCK STONE) Mechanisms of sea change GS RADJOU

4. OPENING OF THE SEA SHAPING THE COAST OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND AND THE CHANNEL ISLANDS FRANCE ENGLAND AN INCREASE OF WATER ON LAND WITH THE FREEZE IS CORRELATED TO SEA SHRINKING FREEZE SHRINKING THE SEA Sea decreases with ice formation on land My basic theory of sea rising Mechanism 1 Mechanism 2 Ice formation Ice formation The archaic river (a preview of the channel sea after ice melted) GS RADJOU

5. (The Sea covered more lands when the weather warmed up) Colder quaternary (Peak of cold – 20,000 years) Warmer quaternary River expansion mechanisms FRANCE ENGLAND Average sea level, 21rst century Maximalistic level (warmest quaternary) Minimalistic level (coldest quaternary) CHANNEL STRAIT=> CHANNEL SEA CHANNEL STRAIT => RIVER river Ice formations Ice formations GS RADJOU

6. Mont Dol Bottom of the sea channel Rock formation = sea bed Minimalistic sea water stock Ho Evidence given by first human settlement (in the Mont Dol island soil before submersion helped to know climate/geology related conditions) Mont Saint Michel Why Mt Saint Michel survived the sea rising and not Mont Dol ? Lillimer island Interpretation of Island countries' environmental conditions in the Channel Sea Why Mt Saint Michel survived the sea rising and not Mont Dol ? Minimalistic sea water stock Minimalistic sea water stock Maximal sea water pools removed due to the sea shrinkage are found on the continent (France, England) - 20,000 years peak of cold => sea shrinkage Step 1 Step 2 : Average - 4000 years quaternary, sea rises submerged Mont Dol Bottom of the sea channel Rock formation = sea bed Step 1 Step 2 But , Not St Michael Mont => because closer to the continent (France) Step 1 How the sea levels influencing the islands ? GS RADJOU

7. THE REFERENCE ISLAND IS LILLIMER ISLAND (which has always been the most elevated island-closest to the coast- so when sea rises it was never submerged) GS RADJOU

8. Lillimer Mont Result from the sea warming in Year 4,000 -> (1) Mont Dol is similar (in size also) to Mont Saint Michel, but only Mont Dol is entirely submerged by the sea rising 4,000 years ago. So, Mont Saint Michael was closer to the continental shelf (France continental bedrock) -> At 4,000, the warming of the channel sea during the quaternary period is the warmest period of the quaternary. This is attested by the presence of the same wildlife between Mont Saint Michel and Lillimer island. Remark : The period of harsh conditions for Mont Dol has nothing to compare with Lillimer Mont, which enjoy present weather conditions. But, do these conditons matched also for Mont Saint Michael ? My viewpoint : when referring to Lillimer Mont . « It is No! It is not the same conditions from the time Mont Dol Submerged, the temperature remain nearly the same in average (after the -4,000 years) , as shown by Lillimer conditions. (see indirect reasonning and logic next slide and the use of the temperature test and maximum sea water rise at peak of warming) In summary,i sland location in the channel, showing the process of shrinkage of the sea correlated to an increase of ice on the continent and vice versa : the sea increase due to the warm up of the qua ternaire that submerged Mont Dol GS RADJOU

9. Mont Dol submerged Mont Saint Michel Survived (not submerged) Lillimer Mont Life conditions today Test of water elevation with sea rising Test of Mont Dol submerging with the sea rising Mont Saint Michel is pivotal. It has recorded past and today geological and temperature related conditions that have travelled until today has witnessed by Lillimer wild life condittions Mont Saint Michel pivotal Island for the test. Witnessing condition changes in the quaternary with Temperature increases MONT SAINT MICHAEL IS A DIPLOMATIC ISLAND FOR SEA INCREASE AND CLIMATE CHANGES - IN BETWEEN PAST AND PRESENT WEATHER CONDITIONS (BECAUSE OF THE UNCHANGED WILDLIFE AFTER – 4000 YEARS AS REFFERRED TO LILLIMER ISLAND GS RADJOU

10. Logic for showing that maximum warming up during quaternary helps to submerge Mont Dol, but this was an ultimate temperature in Average as 1- If , it has been a period when water had frozenze again, sea water would shrink again. Mont Dol would be visible again (an not submerged). 2- In fact , Mont Dol never re-submerged again, after – 4,000 years. 3- So , it should be a final average sea level and the warmest temperature in the quaternary as well as less cold temperature for Mont Michael -permanent constant temperature in average as not changed. 4- One should find it at Mont Lillimer. In summary, i f Mont Lillimer had better conditions than Mont Dol, it should be the same for Mont Michael after the – 4,000 years. 6- Counter argument : if Mont Dol had good conditions. It would survive the temperature increase and maybe Lillimer Mont would not be as enjoyable as Mont Dol today (same for Mont Saint Michael that witnessed the changes of environment)- This assumption is obviuosly false based on testimony that Mont Lillimer enjoyed good environment. So, the counter example is rejected and initial debate accepted.

11. To know more : HISTORY AND ECOLOGY OF SAINT MICHAEL BAY EDITION OUEST FRANCE JEAN CLAUDE LEFEUVRE 2010 (« adapted: including the sea channel formation ») GS RADJOU