It explains about how climatic changes are inducing natural disaster. It contains a series of climatic changes, which ultimately results in disasters. Enjoy the facts and info.

1. CLIMATIC CHANGES- DOES IT
TRIGGER NATURAL DISASTER ?
KISHORE KUMAR. P
2016630202

2. EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS RESPONSIBLE
FOR NATURAL DISASTERS
• Extreme temperature, high – heat waves.
• Storms, including windstorms, hurricanes, etc.
• High levels of precipitation, and associated
flooding.
• Lack of precipitation, and associated drought.

3. SECONDARY EFFECTS OF CLIMATIC
EVENTS
• Avalanches,
• Rock falls,
• Landslides due to flooding, and
• Forest fires in areas of drought.

4. EVIDENCES

8. EFFECT OF GASES
• Water vapour: Water vapor increases as the Earth's atmosphere warms,
but so does the possibility of clouds and precipitation.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2): A minor but very important component of the
atmosphere, carbon dioxide is released through natural processes such
as respiration and volcano eruptions and through human activities
such as deforestation, land use changes, and burning fossil fuels.
• Humans have increased atmospheric CO2 concentration by more than a
third since the Industrial Revolution began. This is the most important
long-lived "forcing" of climate change.

9. EFFECT OF GASES
• Methane. A hydrocarbon gas produced both through natural sources
and human activities, including the decomposition of wastes in landfills,
agriculture, and especially rice cultivation, as well as ruminant digestion
and manure management associated with domestic livestock.
• On a molecule-for-molecule basis, methane is a far more active
greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, but also one which is much less
abundant in the atmosphere.
• Nitrous oxide. A powerful greenhouse gas produced by soil cultivation
practices, especially the use of commercial and organic fertilizers, fossil
fuel combustion, nitric acid production, and biomass burning.

10. EFFECT OF GASES
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Synthetic compounds entirely of industrial
origin used in a number of applications, but now largely regulated in
production and release to the atmosphere by international agreement
for their ability to contribute to destruction of the ozone layer. They are
also greenhouse gases.

13. SNOW
• Snow is precipitation that forms when water vapor freezes.
• Because snow is so reflective, it plays an important role in regulating
climate: it reflects incoming sunlight back into space, cooling the planet.
• Snow also supports life. Melting of seasonal snow (as well as glaciers)
provides water for drinking and irrigating crops in many parts of the
world.
• Snowmelt moisturizes soil and reduces the risk of wildfire. Too much
snow, however, can lead to springtime floods when the snowpack melts.

14. ARCTIC SEA ICE MINIMUM

17. 350 metres (1,150 feet)
thick and 20 km (12.5
miles)

20. OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
• The ocean absorbs about a quarter of the CO2 we release into the
atmosphere every year, so as atmospheric CO2 levels increase, so do the
levels in the ocean.
• Initially, many scientists focused on the benefits of the ocean removing
this greenhouse gas from the atmosphere.
• However, decades of ocean observations now show that there is also a
downside — the CO2 absorbed by the ocean is changing the chemistry
of the seawater, a process called OCEAN ACIDIFICATION.

23. HOW DOES THE OCEAN AFFECT
THE CLIMATE?
• One way the ocean affects the climate in places like Europe is by
carrying heat to the north in the Atlantic Ocean.
• Way up north, cold water in the North Atlantic ocean sinks very deep
and spreads out all around the world.
• The sinking water is replaced by warm water near the surface that
moves to the north. Scientists call this the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt.
• The heat carried north helps keep the Atlantic ocean warmer in the
winter time, which warms the nearby countries as well.

25. DOES THE SALT IN THE OCEAN DO
ANYTHING?
• The amount of salt in the ocean water also affects currents. Saltier
water is heavier than less salty water.
• When salty ocean water freezes, the ice can no longer hold on to the
salt.
• Instead, the salt mixes with the water below making it saltier and
heavier.
• Glaciers, land ice and icebergs are made of fresh water, so what
happens when this ice melts?

27. COMBINED EFFECT
• The water in the North Atlantic sinks because it's cold, but also because
it's salty.
• Being both cold AND salty makes it really heavy, so it can sink very far.
• But if too much ice melts in the North Atlantic, the water could
become less salty.
• If that happens, what about the Ocean Conveyor Belt?
• Would it stop warming the North Atlantic?
• Could Europe get really cold?

28. EL NINO
• The term El Niño refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate
interaction linked to a periodic warming in sea surface temperatures
across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific.
• Typical El Niño effects are likely to develop over North America during
the upcoming winter season.
• Those include warmer-than-average temperatures over western and
central Canada, and over the western and northern United States.
• Wetter-than-average conditions are likely over portions of the U.S. Gulf
Coast and Florida, while drier-than-average conditions can be expected
in the Ohio Valley and the Pacific Northwest.
• The presence of El Niño can significantly influence weather patterns,
ocean conditions, and marine fisheries across large portions of the
globe for an extended period of time.

33. LA NINO
• La Niña episodes represent periods of below-average sea surface
temperatures across the east-central Equatorial Pacific.
• Global climate La Niña impacts tend to be opposite those of El Niño
impacts.
• In the tropics, ocean temperature variations in La Niña also tend to be
opposite those of El Niño.
• During a La Niña year, winter temperatures are warmer than normal in
the Southeast and cooler than normal in the Northwest.

36. CONSEQUENCES

37. CONSEQUENCES
• The consequences of changing the natural atmospheric greenhouse are
difficult to predict, but certain effects seem likely:
• On average, Earth will become warmer. Some regions may welcome
warmer temperatures, but others may not.
• Warmer conditions will probably lead to more evaporation and
precipitation overall, but individual regions will vary, some becoming
wetter and others dryer.
• A stronger greenhouse effect will warm the oceans and partially melt
glaciers and other ice, increasing sea level. Ocean water also will
expand if it warms, contributing further to sea level rise.

38. CONSEQUENCES
• Meanwhile, some crops and other plants may respond favorably to
increased atmospheric CO2, growing more vigorously and using water
more efficiently.
• At the same time, higher temperatures and shifting climate patterns
may change the areas where crops grow best and affect the makeup of
natural plant communities.

39. HOW CYCLONE IS FORMED ?
• This heat from the ocean combines with the Earth's rotation to create
the cyclone's spin and propulsion.
• As the cyclone moves across cooler waters, land or into unfavorable
wind systems, it gradually begins to dissipate as it loses energy.
• There are a number of additional atmospheric conditions that must be
present in order for a cyclone to form, including moisture layers in the
mid-troposphere, approximately 3 miles above the Earth's surface, and
low vertical wind shear between the Earth's surface and the upper
troposphere.
• Cyclones also need to be at least 310 miles from the equator, where the
deflective Coriolis force of the planet's rotation begins to take effect.

48. THANK YOU

49. REFERENCE
• http://climate.nasa.gov
• http://oceanservice.noaa.gov