Downloaded 10 times
![Mass change on Greenland
200
Unfiltered data
Seasonally filtered data
0
Mass Change [Gt]
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
-1400
2007 Extreme Summer Melt
-1600
-1800
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Source: GRACE measurements](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/globalwarmingverycrucial-140225035028-phpapp01/85/Global-warming-68-320.jpg)
Uploaded byBayram Akiyeviç
Global warming
This document discusses the science of climate change and its impacts. It provides evidence that the climate has fluctuated naturally in the past but is now changing due to human activity like burning fossil fuels. This is increasing greenhouse gases and global temperatures, causing sea ice and glaciers to melt, sea levels to rise, and more extreme weather. If emissions are not reduced, significant global impacts are projected this century like worse droughts and storms, flooded coastlines, and threatened ecosystems and food supplies.
More Related Content
Global warming
- 1.
- 2.
- 3. Climate changes 18,000 yearsago Present Glacier ice Sea ice
- 4. Florida’s coast duringthe LGM Climate change has effects 18,000 years ago
- 5. Warming Fluctuate with climate: •Temperature (pa+erns) • Ice cover • Sea level • Precipita7on (pa+erns) • Vegeta7on cover
- 6. Essen1al Principles of Climate Science
- 7. 1. The Sun is the primary source of energy for Earth’s climate system
- 8. Naturally, heat-‐trapping gases in the atmosphere keep the Earth’s surface warm Human ac1vi1es are increasing the concentra1ons of some of these gases, amplifying the natural greenhouse effect
- 9. 2. Climate is regulated by complex interac1ons among various systems
- 10.
- 11.
- 12.
- 13. 3. Life on Earth depends on, is affected by, and affects climate
- 14. 4. Climate varies over space and 1me through both natural and human processes Muir glacier, Alaska August 1941 Muir glacier, Alaska August 2004
- 15. 5. Our understanding of the climate system is improved through observa1ons, theore1cal studies, and modeling
- 16. 6. Human ac1vi1es are impac1ng the climate system
- 17. 7. Climate change will have consequences on the Earth system and human life
- 19. 1824: Jean-‐Bap1ste Fourier discusses greenhouse effect
- 20. 1861: John Tyndall Publishes that CO2 and H2O are greenhouse gasses
- 21. 1896: Svante Arrhenius proposed anthropogenic greenhouse effect; burning fossil fuels will build-‐up CO2 and lead to “desirable” warming
- 22. 1938: G.S. Callendar argues that anthropogenic warming is underway
- 23. 1956: Gilbert Plass calculates that CO2 emissions will have a significant effect on Earth’s radia<on balance, 3°F by end of century
- 24. 1957: Roger Revelle warns "large-‐scale geophysical experiment”; he and David Keeling begin monitoring CO2
- 25. Atmospheric CO2 (ppmv) PresentCO2 concentration (391 ppmv) !+#$ !*#$ !)#$ !(#$ !'#$ !&#$ !!#$ !%#$ !"#$ "+''$ "+('$ "+)'$ "+*'$ "++'$ %##'$
- 27. CO2 concentration after 30years of unrestricted fossil fuel burning (600 ppmv) 270 240 210 180 Temp. Proxy CO2 (ppmv) 300 350 Present CO2 concentration (391 ppmv) 800 600 400 200 Thousands of Years Before Present Petit et al., 1999; Siegenthaler et al., 2005; EPICA Community members, 2004 0
- 28. 1980s: Warmest decade on record
- 29. 1990s: Warmest decade in 1000 years
- 30. Global Instrumental TemperatureRecord 1 Global Temperature anomalies (°C) 5-year running mean 0.8 Global Temperature Anomaly (ºC) 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0 -0.2 Smokin’ -0.4 Hottest decade in 1000 years -0.6 Hottest decade on record -0.8 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
- 31.
- 32.
- 33.
- 35. Hysteresis system that exhibitsnon-linear behavior
- 40. Arc1c Sea Ice Mel1ng 1979
- 41. Arc1c Sea Ice Mel1ng 2005
- 42. Arc1c Sea Ice Mel1ng 2007
- 43. Arc1c sea ice extent Summer Ice Extent (106 km2) '" &#$" &" %#$" %" $#$" $" !#$" !" ()&$" ()'$" ())$" *++$" Source: Na7onal Snow and Ice Data Center
- 44. Arc1c Warming Temperature Anomaly(°C) 2.0 1.0 0.0 All land area Arctic (land north of 65°N) -1.0 1960 1980 2000
- 45.
- 46.
- 47.
- 48.
- 49.
- 50.
- 51.
- 52.
- 54. Sea-‐level rise 1. Thermal expansion 2. Mel3ng small glaciers and ice caps 3. Freshening of water 4. Mel3ng ice sheets • • Greenland: 7.4 m (25’) Antarc7ca: 74 m (250’) • • West Antarc7ca (7 m) East Antarc7ca (67 m)
- 55. “ Those of us who live on small specks of land . . . have not agreed to be sacrificial lambs on the altar of success of industrial civiliza1on. Ambassador Lionel Hurst of An1gua and Barbuda June 28, 2002 Photo by rembcc
- 56.
- 57.
- 58.
- 59.
- 61.
- 62.
- 63.
- 64.
- 65. R. Huff, J. Box, S. Starkweather, T. Albert
- 66. Total melt area Source: Passive Microwave Satellite Melt Record
- 67. 2007 Melt-day anomaly Microwavedata from SSMI reveals more melting days in 2007 than during the period 1988–2006 Credit: NASA/Earth Observatory
- 68. Mass change onGreenland 200 Unfiltered data Seasonally filtered data 0 Mass Change [Gt] -200 -400 -600 -800 -1000 -1200 -1400 2007 Extreme Summer Melt -1600 -1800 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Source: GRACE measurements
- 70.
- 71.
- 72.
- 74. That’s about 600,000 lbs per person on Earth! Since 2003: More than 2 trillion tons of ice in Greenland, Antarc1ca and Alaska has melted
- 75.
- 76.
- 77.
- 78. of 1m can increase the change in mean sea level A ore than 1000 1mes. y of extreme events by m frequenc
- 79.
- 80. 25’ rise in sea level
- 81. 250’ rise in sea level
- 82.
- 83.
- 84.
- 85.
- 86. 10 Data (CDIAC) 9 8 7 Model Scenarios FossilFuel Emissions (Gigatonnes C / yr) Depends on our emissions A1B A1FI (Worst case?) A1T A2 B1 B2 6 5 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
- 87. Global average temperatures will rise 1-‐6°C by 2100
- 88. Increased diseases, both air-‐borne (e.g. asthma) and insect-‐ borne (e.g. malaria)
- 89. Over 1,000,000 species face ex1nc1on
- 91. More extreme weather: Droughts and floods, frosts and heat-‐waves, and severe storms
- 92. Severe water shortages, especially where supply depends on glaciers
- 93. Wide-‐spread hunger due to drought and deser1fica1on
- 95. Numbers of CATEGORY 4 AND 5 storms by ocean basin
- 96. Water temperature and storms severity Atlantic Potential Destructive intensity (PDI) 0.4 Atlantic Storm Intensity (PDI) 0.2 Aug.-Oct. Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Emanuel, K. (2005), Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years, Nature, 2005
- 97. Idealized hurricane simula1ons (9 GCMs, 3 basins, 4 parameteriza1ons, 6-‐member ensembles) 160 Category 5 Category 4 Category 3 140 Number of occurrences Control (mean = 934 mb) 120 High CO2 (mean = 924 mb) 100 80 60 40 20 0 880 900 920 940 Minimum central pressure (mb) Knutson, T. K., and R. E. Tuleya, 2004, Journal of Climate. 960
- 98. 50% Hurricanes are now50% STRONGER and LONGER lasting than 30 years ago
- 99. Coastal flooding and storm surges
- 100. Environmental Refugees Millions of people 150(projected) 50 (projected) 25 1995 2010 Source: IPCC (2007) 2050
- 101. OTHER HAZARDS Glacial quakes Glacier out-‐burst floods
- 102. What can we do?
- 103.
- 104.
- 106.
- 107.
- 108. Biodiesel Cleaner Renewable Reduced emissions Grown on US farms Reduce dependence on foreign oil Increases mileage, power, and engine life
- 109.
- 110.
- 111.
- 112. Don’t buy ocean-‐front property
- 113.
- 114.
- 115. Don’t remain happy in ignorance
- 116.