1. The document provides an overview of early Middle Eastern civilizations including Mesopotamia, Sumer, Babylon, Persia, and the origins of Islam. It discusses the rise and fall of empires and dynasties as well as religious, social, and political developments.
2. Key civilizations discussed include the Sumerians who developed cities, writing, and religion in Mesopotamia around 3000 BC. The Babylonians created the first law code under Hammurabi in the 18th century BC. The Persian Empire stretched from Libya to India under Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC. Islam originated in the 7th century AD under the prophet Muhammad.
3. Major
Muhammad was a merchant from Mecca who heard the call of God and preached Islam as a new monotheistic religion. In 622, due to danger in Mecca, he moved to Medina, marking the start of the Muslim calendar. Islam spread throughout Arabia, North Africa, the Middle East and Spain between the 7th and 13th centuries. The five pillars of Islam are the obligations of Muslims which are to give alms, go on pilgrimage to Mecca, pray five times a day, fast during Ramadan, and have faith.
The document summarizes the peoples and civilizations of the Americas between 400 CE and 1500 CE. It describes the diverse landscapes of North and South America and discusses the first peoples who crossed the Bering Land Bridge from Asia over 10,000 years ago. It then outlines the major indigenous civilizations that developed across North and Mesoamerica, including the Olmec, Teotihuacan, Maya, Toltec, Aztec, and Inca. It provides details on their social structures, religious beliefs, and accomplishments.
The document provides an overview of life in Europe during the Middle Ages from 800-1500 CE. It discusses the development of trade and cities, the rise of the manorial system and self-sufficient manors, the feudal system and roles of nobles, vassals, and peasants. It also summarizes developments in the Catholic Church, architecture, literature, clothing, and the impact of the plague and Hundred Years War on late medieval Europe.
The Arabian Peninsula was a harsh desert environment, forcing tribes to cooperate for survival. Muhammad received revelations in the 6th century CE and spread the new religion of Islam, establishing the Five Pillars. After his death, the Rashidun Caliphs and Umayyad Dynasty expanded the Arab Empire across North Africa and Spain. The Abbasid Dynasty built the capital in Baghdad and oversaw a golden age. Successors like the Seljuk Turks and Mongols later assumed control of former Arab lands.
The document provides an overview of the origins and rise of Islam from 600-1200 CE. It discusses:
1) The origins of Islam in Arabia in the 7th century CE under the prophet Muhammad and the formation of the Umma Islamic community.
2) The rapid military conquests of the early Islamic caliphates from the 7th-8th centuries CE that expanded the new religion throughout the Middle East, North Africa and into Spain.
3) The decline of the Abbasid caliphate from the 9th century CE as the Islamic world politically fragmented, though religious identity was maintained by scholars, and various regional powers rose to prominence.
Great states arose in West, East, and South Africa as a result of the spread of Islamic trade and culture. In West Africa, Islam spread through cultural diffusion while East African port cities were colonized. This introduced new religions, literacy, trade practices, and arts to African kingdoms. Powerful states like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai emerged along the Niger River, benefiting from the trans-Saharan gold and salt trade with North Africa. Wealthy city-states also developed in East Africa along trade routes to India and China, introducing Arabic and African cultures. Eventually, European powers began colonizing the African coasts in the 15th-16th centuries to gain control of the lucrative trade networks.
Islam originated in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century CE under the teachings of the prophet Muhammad. It then rapidly expanded across the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia through both military conquests and peaceful missionary activities. Key beliefs include monotheism, five pillars of faith, and sharia law. The religion experienced divisions between the Sunni and Shi'a sects following a dispute over leadership succession. The expansion of Islam was aided by developments like the camel saddle which improved travel across deserts. Major Islamic empires included the Abbasid Caliphate centered in Baghdad and various sultanates in places like India and West Africa.
Islam originated in the 7th century AD on the Arabian Peninsula. The religion was founded by the prophet Muhammad after he began receiving revelations from God (Allah) at age 40. Muhammad's teachings were based on strict monotheism and he and his followers faced persecution in Mecca, leading to the migration (Hijra) to Medina in 622 AD which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Islam then rapidly spread across Asia, Africa, and parts of Europe through military conquests and trade routes, establishing a large empire with political and cultural influence. Key beliefs include submission to Allah as the one true God and Muhammad as his final prophet. The Quran is the holy text and the five pillars provide a
Muhammad was a merchant from Mecca who heard the call of God and preached Islam as a new monotheistic religion. In 622, due to danger in Mecca, he moved to Medina, marking the start of the Muslim calendar. Islam spread throughout Arabia, North Africa, the Middle East and Spain between the 7th and 13th centuries. The five pillars of Islam are the obligations of Muslims which are to give alms, go on pilgrimage to Mecca, pray five times a day, fast during Ramadan, and have faith.
The document summarizes the peoples and civilizations of the Americas between 400 CE and 1500 CE. It describes the diverse landscapes of North and South America and discusses the first peoples who crossed the Bering Land Bridge from Asia over 10,000 years ago. It then outlines the major indigenous civilizations that developed across North and Mesoamerica, including the Olmec, Teotihuacan, Maya, Toltec, Aztec, and Inca. It provides details on their social structures, religious beliefs, and accomplishments.
The document provides an overview of life in Europe during the Middle Ages from 800-1500 CE. It discusses the development of trade and cities, the rise of the manorial system and self-sufficient manors, the feudal system and roles of nobles, vassals, and peasants. It also summarizes developments in the Catholic Church, architecture, literature, clothing, and the impact of the plague and Hundred Years War on late medieval Europe.
The Arabian Peninsula was a harsh desert environment, forcing tribes to cooperate for survival. Muhammad received revelations in the 6th century CE and spread the new religion of Islam, establishing the Five Pillars. After his death, the Rashidun Caliphs and Umayyad Dynasty expanded the Arab Empire across North Africa and Spain. The Abbasid Dynasty built the capital in Baghdad and oversaw a golden age. Successors like the Seljuk Turks and Mongols later assumed control of former Arab lands.
The document provides an overview of the origins and rise of Islam from 600-1200 CE. It discusses:
1) The origins of Islam in Arabia in the 7th century CE under the prophet Muhammad and the formation of the Umma Islamic community.
2) The rapid military conquests of the early Islamic caliphates from the 7th-8th centuries CE that expanded the new religion throughout the Middle East, North Africa and into Spain.
3) The decline of the Abbasid caliphate from the 9th century CE as the Islamic world politically fragmented, though religious identity was maintained by scholars, and various regional powers rose to prominence.
Great states arose in West, East, and South Africa as a result of the spread of Islamic trade and culture. In West Africa, Islam spread through cultural diffusion while East African port cities were colonized. This introduced new religions, literacy, trade practices, and arts to African kingdoms. Powerful states like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai emerged along the Niger River, benefiting from the trans-Saharan gold and salt trade with North Africa. Wealthy city-states also developed in East Africa along trade routes to India and China, introducing Arabic and African cultures. Eventually, European powers began colonizing the African coasts in the 15th-16th centuries to gain control of the lucrative trade networks.
Islam originated in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century CE under the teachings of the prophet Muhammad. It then rapidly expanded across the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia through both military conquests and peaceful missionary activities. Key beliefs include monotheism, five pillars of faith, and sharia law. The religion experienced divisions between the Sunni and Shi'a sects following a dispute over leadership succession. The expansion of Islam was aided by developments like the camel saddle which improved travel across deserts. Major Islamic empires included the Abbasid Caliphate centered in Baghdad and various sultanates in places like India and West Africa.
Islam originated in the 7th century AD on the Arabian Peninsula. The religion was founded by the prophet Muhammad after he began receiving revelations from God (Allah) at age 40. Muhammad's teachings were based on strict monotheism and he and his followers faced persecution in Mecca, leading to the migration (Hijra) to Medina in 622 AD which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Islam then rapidly spread across Asia, Africa, and parts of Europe through military conquests and trade routes, establishing a large empire with political and cultural influence. Key beliefs include submission to Allah as the one true God and Muhammad as his final prophet. The Quran is the holy text and the five pillars provide a
The document provides an overview of world history from 600 to 1450 CE, covering the rise of Islam, developments in major civilizations like China and Europe, and the spread of religions. It discusses the origins and beliefs of Islam, how the religion spread across the Middle East, Northern Africa and South Asia through military conquests and missionary activities. It also summarizes key events and developments in civilizations and empires across Afro-Eurasia during this period.
Muhammad spread the beliefs and practices of Islam through conquest. His successors built an empire stretching from Spain to India. In the 7th century, a split created the Sunni and Shiite sects of Islam. The nomadic Arabs originated from the Arabian Peninsula and organized into tribes. Muhammad received revelations from God through the angel Gabriel and founded Islam, with beliefs including monotheism, following the Five Pillars of Islam, and adhering to Sharia law.
The Crusades were military expeditions organized by the Pope between 1096-1272 with the goal of retaking Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule. There were eight Crusades in total with varying results. Crusaders wore crosses and were forgiven of sins by the Pope. The Crusades established various military orders like the Hospitallers who helped pilgrims, the Knights Templar who protected pilgrims, and the Order of the Holy Sepulchre who guarded Jesus's tomb. The Crusades also resulted in Crusader states being founded in the Holy Land.
The document provides an overview of world history from 600 to 1450 CE, covering the rise of Islam, developments in various civilizations, and the spread of major religions. Key events and beliefs of Islam are outlined, including the life of Muhammad and the five pillars of Islam. The Islamic empires that formed are described, as well as how Islam spread through military conquest and trade. Developments in civilizations like China, Japan, India, Europe, Africa, and the Americas are summarized.
The document provides an overview of world history from 600 to 1450 CE, covering the rise of Islam and its spread across the Middle East, Northern Africa, and South Asia through both military conquest and missionary activity. It also discusses the Tang and Song dynasties in China, the rise and spread of major civilizations like the Maya, Aztec, and Inca in Meso and South America, and developments in regions like Europe, Africa, India, and Japan during this time period. Key events, beliefs, and empires discussed include the life of Muhammad and the beginnings of Islam, the Islamic Abbasid and Umayyad caliphates, the spread of trade networks, and the influence of major religious groups like Christianity
After Muhammad's death, Abu Bakr became the first caliph or successor and led the armies to unify Arabia through military campaigns. The Muslim state expanded through conquests of Persia and Byzantium. Early caliphs came from the Umayyad family who moved the capital to Damascus and continued expanding the empire into places like Central Asia, Northern India, and North Africa. In 771, Arabs and Berbers invaded Spain and conquered it quickly, then moved into France but were defeated at the Battle of Tours. Later the Abbasid dynasty came to power in 749 and reorganized government. Islam spread rapidly through trade and conquered lands, reaching places like India and Africa.
Mohammed, born in 570 AD in Mecca, received revelations from God and began preaching monotheism. In 622, he fled persecution in Mecca and established a new community in Medina, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar. By 630, Mohammed had conquered Mecca and established Islam as the dominant religion. Upon his death in 632, disputes over succession led to divisions between Sunnis and Shias.
Islam: The Creation and Spread (The Rise of Islam)Katie
This presentation was developed for an AP World History class, but can be used for any class dealing with the rise and spread of Islam. I hope that you find it helpful. Please feel free to leave comments about the presentation. Thanks for watching!
Islam spread rapidly across Arabia in the decades following the prophet Muhammad's death in 632 CE. Arab armies conquered vast lands, reaching as far as Spain by 711 CE and establishing an empire that stretched from Spain to Pakistan. However, the lack of a clear succession plan after Muhammad caused conflicts between those who supported Muhammad's son-in-law Ali and the Umayyad clan who ultimately took control. This split Muslims into the Sunni and Shi'a branches that remain today. The Umayyads went on to establish their capital at Damascus and build a powerful caliphate, though internal rivalries remained.
This document summarizes the rise of Islam in Arabia. It details the life of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, who received revelations from God and taught monotheism. After facing persecution in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina, where he became the political and religious leader. Muhammad's followers, called Muslims, began converting more tribes to Islam and raiding caravans traveling to Mecca. By 632 when Muhammad died, much of Arabia had accepted Islam as its dominant faith.
The document discusses the early expansion of Islam following the death of Muhammad. It summarizes that under the first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar, the Islamic empire grew rapidly to include Syria, Persia, and parts of North Africa within 25 years and additional territories like parts of India and Spain within 100 years. It also explains how the Islamic community divided between the Sunni and Shia sects following disagreements over succession after the death of the third caliph Uthman. Specifically, some protested Ali's selection as caliph due to his relation to Uthman's killers, leading to ongoing tensions.
Islam originated in the 7th century in the Arabian Peninsula. The prophet Muhammad received revelations from God and began preaching the religion of Islam. After Muhammad's death, his followers spread Islam across Asia, North Africa, and parts of Europe. Islam is a monotheistic faith that believes in one God and that Muhammad is his final prophet. The religion's core beliefs and practices are outlined in the Five Pillars of Islam.
The document provides an overview of Islam and its expansion into al-Andalus (Islamic Iberia). It discusses the origins and spread of Islam from the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century. It then focuses on the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD and the establishment of the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba, which later became the independent Caliphate of Cordoba - a golden age of prosperity. This caliphate eventually broke into rival taifa kingdoms, with the Taifa of Granada surviving until 1492. The economy was based on trade and highly developed agriculture, and society was multi-cultural with Muslim and non-Muslim populations. Islamic culture flour
African civilizations were typically organized around kinship groups with decentralized political authority. Common elements included use of Bantu languages, animistic religions, and veneration of ancestors. North Africa was influenced by Mediterranean traders and later the Romans, and Christianity spread. The arrival of camels enabled trans-Saharan trade networks, through which Islam spread south, replacing Latin and Christianity as dominant. Major West African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai controlled gold and salt trade routes across the Sahara and grew wealthy. Other notable states included the Christian kingdoms of Nubia, Axum, the Hausa city-states, and the Benin Kingdom known for its bronze art.
Islam spread to West Africa through trans-Saharan trade routes, with Muslim traders and missionaries introducing the religion to the kingdom of Ghana in the 11th century. Though the king of Ghana did not convert, he allowed Muslim communities to establish mosques and settlements. Over time, more of the population adopted Islam. In the 13th century, the leader of Mali, Mansa Musa, went on a pilgrimage to Mecca that demonstrated his wealth and expanded Islamic influence, helping the religion to spread further south. While many West Africans converted, they also maintained older religious practices of worshipping ancestors and using amulets.
The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Umayyad Caliphate between 661-750 CE and the transition to the Abbasid Caliphate. It describes how the Umayyads established the first Islamic dynasty in Damascus after the Muslim Civil War, but internal divisions and indulgence in luxury weakened their rule over time. The Abbasids then overthrew the Umayyads in 750 CE with the support of non-Arab Muslims, establishing a new capital in Baghdad and administrative structure influenced by Persian traditions that led to two centuries of stability and prosperity known as the Golden Age of Islam.
The document discusses the spread of Islam from the 7th century onwards from the Arabian peninsula to three continents within half a century. It notes that Islam spread primarily through religious appeal and conversion rather than by force, except in Arabia where some tribes were warred against for not accepting Islam. It then discusses various Muslim invasions and rulers in India from the 11th century onward, including the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire. It also briefly mentions the political aspects of Islam derived from the Quran and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad.
This document provides an overview of the religious and historical significance of Jerusalem. It discusses how Jerusalem is sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The document then details the 5000 year history of Jerusalem, including its occupation by various rulers and civilizations like the Canaanites, Jebusites, Israelites, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Muslims, Ottomans, and British. It describes some of Jerusalem's most important religious sites and provides pictures of landmarks like the Dome of the Rock, Church of the Holy Sepulcher, and Western Wall. In conclusion, it notes Jerusalem remains a diverse and active city today as Israel's capital.
The document summarizes the history of Spain from the Muslim conquest in the 8th century through the late 15th century. It describes how Spain was ruled by Muslims for several centuries and became a center of learning, trade, and religious tolerance before the Reconquista led to the rise of Christian rule and the expulsion of religious minorities. It then discusses how Ferdinand and Isabella unified Spain under Catholicism through the Inquisition and drove exploration to build the Spanish empire.
This document provides primary source materials for students to learn about the immigrant experience. It includes several online resources with firsthand accounts, photos, and other historical documents from immigrants who came through Ellis Island and Angel Island. Students are prompted to review the sources and answer questions that require them to analyze the information and describe aspects of individual immigrants' journeys, the immigration process, and what they observed at Ellis Island and Angel Island. The final part instructs students to create a Google Map marking significant immigration locations and routes, including their own family's journey to America.
The Turks migrated from Central Asia to Anatolia in the 10th century, converting to Islam along the way. They were initially bought and trained as slaves by the Abbasid Empire, but rose to power and established control. The Seljuk Turks conquered territory from the Abbasids and Byzantines, securing the support of local Persians by adopting Persian culture and language. At their peak, the Seljuks ruled over Anatolia and confronted threats from Crusaders and the Mongols, though their empire eventually fractured into smaller kingdoms.
The document provides an overview of world history from 600 to 1450 CE, covering the rise of Islam, developments in major civilizations like China and Europe, and the spread of religions. It discusses the origins and beliefs of Islam, how the religion spread across the Middle East, Northern Africa and South Asia through military conquests and missionary activities. It also summarizes key events and developments in civilizations and empires across Afro-Eurasia during this period.
Muhammad spread the beliefs and practices of Islam through conquest. His successors built an empire stretching from Spain to India. In the 7th century, a split created the Sunni and Shiite sects of Islam. The nomadic Arabs originated from the Arabian Peninsula and organized into tribes. Muhammad received revelations from God through the angel Gabriel and founded Islam, with beliefs including monotheism, following the Five Pillars of Islam, and adhering to Sharia law.
The Crusades were military expeditions organized by the Pope between 1096-1272 with the goal of retaking Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule. There were eight Crusades in total with varying results. Crusaders wore crosses and were forgiven of sins by the Pope. The Crusades established various military orders like the Hospitallers who helped pilgrims, the Knights Templar who protected pilgrims, and the Order of the Holy Sepulchre who guarded Jesus's tomb. The Crusades also resulted in Crusader states being founded in the Holy Land.
The document provides an overview of world history from 600 to 1450 CE, covering the rise of Islam, developments in various civilizations, and the spread of major religions. Key events and beliefs of Islam are outlined, including the life of Muhammad and the five pillars of Islam. The Islamic empires that formed are described, as well as how Islam spread through military conquest and trade. Developments in civilizations like China, Japan, India, Europe, Africa, and the Americas are summarized.
The document provides an overview of world history from 600 to 1450 CE, covering the rise of Islam and its spread across the Middle East, Northern Africa, and South Asia through both military conquest and missionary activity. It also discusses the Tang and Song dynasties in China, the rise and spread of major civilizations like the Maya, Aztec, and Inca in Meso and South America, and developments in regions like Europe, Africa, India, and Japan during this time period. Key events, beliefs, and empires discussed include the life of Muhammad and the beginnings of Islam, the Islamic Abbasid and Umayyad caliphates, the spread of trade networks, and the influence of major religious groups like Christianity
After Muhammad's death, Abu Bakr became the first caliph or successor and led the armies to unify Arabia through military campaigns. The Muslim state expanded through conquests of Persia and Byzantium. Early caliphs came from the Umayyad family who moved the capital to Damascus and continued expanding the empire into places like Central Asia, Northern India, and North Africa. In 771, Arabs and Berbers invaded Spain and conquered it quickly, then moved into France but were defeated at the Battle of Tours. Later the Abbasid dynasty came to power in 749 and reorganized government. Islam spread rapidly through trade and conquered lands, reaching places like India and Africa.
Mohammed, born in 570 AD in Mecca, received revelations from God and began preaching monotheism. In 622, he fled persecution in Mecca and established a new community in Medina, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar. By 630, Mohammed had conquered Mecca and established Islam as the dominant religion. Upon his death in 632, disputes over succession led to divisions between Sunnis and Shias.
Islam: The Creation and Spread (The Rise of Islam)Katie
This presentation was developed for an AP World History class, but can be used for any class dealing with the rise and spread of Islam. I hope that you find it helpful. Please feel free to leave comments about the presentation. Thanks for watching!
Islam spread rapidly across Arabia in the decades following the prophet Muhammad's death in 632 CE. Arab armies conquered vast lands, reaching as far as Spain by 711 CE and establishing an empire that stretched from Spain to Pakistan. However, the lack of a clear succession plan after Muhammad caused conflicts between those who supported Muhammad's son-in-law Ali and the Umayyad clan who ultimately took control. This split Muslims into the Sunni and Shi'a branches that remain today. The Umayyads went on to establish their capital at Damascus and build a powerful caliphate, though internal rivalries remained.
This document summarizes the rise of Islam in Arabia. It details the life of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, who received revelations from God and taught monotheism. After facing persecution in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina, where he became the political and religious leader. Muhammad's followers, called Muslims, began converting more tribes to Islam and raiding caravans traveling to Mecca. By 632 when Muhammad died, much of Arabia had accepted Islam as its dominant faith.
The document discusses the early expansion of Islam following the death of Muhammad. It summarizes that under the first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar, the Islamic empire grew rapidly to include Syria, Persia, and parts of North Africa within 25 years and additional territories like parts of India and Spain within 100 years. It also explains how the Islamic community divided between the Sunni and Shia sects following disagreements over succession after the death of the third caliph Uthman. Specifically, some protested Ali's selection as caliph due to his relation to Uthman's killers, leading to ongoing tensions.
Islam originated in the 7th century in the Arabian Peninsula. The prophet Muhammad received revelations from God and began preaching the religion of Islam. After Muhammad's death, his followers spread Islam across Asia, North Africa, and parts of Europe. Islam is a monotheistic faith that believes in one God and that Muhammad is his final prophet. The religion's core beliefs and practices are outlined in the Five Pillars of Islam.
The document provides an overview of Islam and its expansion into al-Andalus (Islamic Iberia). It discusses the origins and spread of Islam from the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century. It then focuses on the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD and the establishment of the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba, which later became the independent Caliphate of Cordoba - a golden age of prosperity. This caliphate eventually broke into rival taifa kingdoms, with the Taifa of Granada surviving until 1492. The economy was based on trade and highly developed agriculture, and society was multi-cultural with Muslim and non-Muslim populations. Islamic culture flour
African civilizations were typically organized around kinship groups with decentralized political authority. Common elements included use of Bantu languages, animistic religions, and veneration of ancestors. North Africa was influenced by Mediterranean traders and later the Romans, and Christianity spread. The arrival of camels enabled trans-Saharan trade networks, through which Islam spread south, replacing Latin and Christianity as dominant. Major West African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai controlled gold and salt trade routes across the Sahara and grew wealthy. Other notable states included the Christian kingdoms of Nubia, Axum, the Hausa city-states, and the Benin Kingdom known for its bronze art.
Islam spread to West Africa through trans-Saharan trade routes, with Muslim traders and missionaries introducing the religion to the kingdom of Ghana in the 11th century. Though the king of Ghana did not convert, he allowed Muslim communities to establish mosques and settlements. Over time, more of the population adopted Islam. In the 13th century, the leader of Mali, Mansa Musa, went on a pilgrimage to Mecca that demonstrated his wealth and expanded Islamic influence, helping the religion to spread further south. While many West Africans converted, they also maintained older religious practices of worshipping ancestors and using amulets.
The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Umayyad Caliphate between 661-750 CE and the transition to the Abbasid Caliphate. It describes how the Umayyads established the first Islamic dynasty in Damascus after the Muslim Civil War, but internal divisions and indulgence in luxury weakened their rule over time. The Abbasids then overthrew the Umayyads in 750 CE with the support of non-Arab Muslims, establishing a new capital in Baghdad and administrative structure influenced by Persian traditions that led to two centuries of stability and prosperity known as the Golden Age of Islam.
The document discusses the spread of Islam from the 7th century onwards from the Arabian peninsula to three continents within half a century. It notes that Islam spread primarily through religious appeal and conversion rather than by force, except in Arabia where some tribes were warred against for not accepting Islam. It then discusses various Muslim invasions and rulers in India from the 11th century onward, including the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire. It also briefly mentions the political aspects of Islam derived from the Quran and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad.
This document provides an overview of the religious and historical significance of Jerusalem. It discusses how Jerusalem is sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The document then details the 5000 year history of Jerusalem, including its occupation by various rulers and civilizations like the Canaanites, Jebusites, Israelites, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Muslims, Ottomans, and British. It describes some of Jerusalem's most important religious sites and provides pictures of landmarks like the Dome of the Rock, Church of the Holy Sepulcher, and Western Wall. In conclusion, it notes Jerusalem remains a diverse and active city today as Israel's capital.
The document summarizes the history of Spain from the Muslim conquest in the 8th century through the late 15th century. It describes how Spain was ruled by Muslims for several centuries and became a center of learning, trade, and religious tolerance before the Reconquista led to the rise of Christian rule and the expulsion of religious minorities. It then discusses how Ferdinand and Isabella unified Spain under Catholicism through the Inquisition and drove exploration to build the Spanish empire.
This document provides primary source materials for students to learn about the immigrant experience. It includes several online resources with firsthand accounts, photos, and other historical documents from immigrants who came through Ellis Island and Angel Island. Students are prompted to review the sources and answer questions that require them to analyze the information and describe aspects of individual immigrants' journeys, the immigration process, and what they observed at Ellis Island and Angel Island. The final part instructs students to create a Google Map marking significant immigration locations and routes, including their own family's journey to America.
The Turks migrated from Central Asia to Anatolia in the 10th century, converting to Islam along the way. They were initially bought and trained as slaves by the Abbasid Empire, but rose to power and established control. The Seljuk Turks conquered territory from the Abbasids and Byzantines, securing the support of local Persians by adopting Persian culture and language. At their peak, the Seljuks ruled over Anatolia and confronted threats from Crusaders and the Mongols, though their empire eventually fractured into smaller kingdoms.
The document summarizes major developments in Europe between 500-1200 CE:
1) The decline of the Western Roman Empire led to the emergence of the Middle Ages and new political systems like feudalism replaced Roman traditions. 2) Germanic invasions disrupted trade, depopulated cities, and shifted populations to rural areas in Western Europe. 3) New languages like French and Spanish developed from Latin as Germanic peoples mixed with Romans. 4) The Catholic Church survived the fall of Rome and became a unifying institution across Europe during the Middle Ages. 5) Feudalism established a pyramid-like hierarchy of lords, vassals, and knights in which land was exchanged for military service.
Elder Bednar teaches that we each carry individual loads in life composed of demands, opportunities, obligations, and afflictions. We should periodically assess if our loads are producing spiritual traction to help us progress on the path back to God. While loads are personalized, covenants can ease them, and it is through the Atonement that we can bear them. We learn that just as diamonds are strengthened through pressure, we are strengthened through our loads. We also have heavenly help through ministering angels and mortal friends who act as agents to help ease our burdens.
The document outlines an interactive lesson plan for students to learn about various aspects of the Civil War such as military background, weapons, battles, costs, and legacy. Students will be paired up and use laptops to access an online interactive map and videos through links provided to answer questions from various sections. The goal is for students to gain an overview of the Civil War through exploring the digital resources and discussing thematic assessment questions afterwards.
This document provides 7 steps for students to create a Google Map tracing their family's immigration history. Students will draw immigration routes on a map from where their mother's and father's families originated, indicating entry points and cities lived in before arriving in Provo, Utah. Students will then connect and label the immigration paths on the map, and include 3 family stories directly on the map. Finally, students will share the completed map with their teacher.
During the 20th century, Europeans colonized many parts of the world. The document-based question essay analyzes the positive and negative effects Europeans had on these colonial areas from 1900-1930. Positives included bringing modern tools/inventions like railroads, food production, and missionaries. Negatives were killing native populations, taking away land/responsibility, and forcing religious beliefs. The essay would group documents showing these themes and identify how an additional document from a colonized person positively reacting could provide further perspective.
This document provides an overview of different instructional design models through a series of slides. It begins with providing context on the history of instructional design. It then defines key concepts like instructional design, systematic approaches, and models. The bulk of the document describes six different instructional design models through graphics and explanations of each model's steps or phases. It concludes by defining and providing graphics for concepts related to learning theories - constructivism, empiricism, behaviorism, information processing theory, and educational technology.
1) The document discusses the growth and expansion of Islam from the 7th century to the 13th century. It describes Muhammad receiving visions from God in 610 AD and gaining followers in 622 AD.
2) After Muhammad's death in 632 AD, the Arabian Peninsula came under Islamic control led by successors called Caliphs. The Arab Empire expanded under the Caliphs across the Middle East, North Africa and parts of Asia.
3) The document outlines the split between the Sunni and Shia groups in the 700s AD and how the term "Arab" came to refer to Arabic speakers rather than those from Arabia specifically. It also discusses the Mongol conquests that ended the Arab Empire in
The document provides information on the Middle Ages, Byzantines, and Islam. Regarding the Byzantines, it summarizes that the Eastern Roman Empire survived after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It was centered in Constantinople and thrived under Emperor Justinian in the 6th century, reconquering western territories. The Byzantine Empire influenced neighboring Slavic peoples and their Cyrillic alphabet but eventually fell to the Ottoman Turks in the 15th century. For Islam, it notes that the religion originated in the Arabian Peninsula under the prophet Muhammad and expanded rapidly through military conquests. Islamic society was based on religion and divided between Arabs, converts, and other religious groups. Cities had distinctive architecture including mosques and markets
This document provides an overview of major themes and developments in different world civilizations between 600-1450 CE. It discusses the rebuilding of declining empires like the Byzantine and Tang/Song Dynasties in China. It also summarizes the rise and spread of Islam across the Middle East, Northern Africa and South Asia through military conquest and trade. Other topics covered include decentralized feudal systems in Western Europe and Japan.
The document provides information about Spain during the Middle Ages. It discusses the various groups that inhabited the Iberian Peninsula during this time period, including the Visigoths, Muslims, and Christians. The Visigoths established a kingdom in Toledo after conquering Roman Hispania in the 5th century AD. In 711 AD, Muslim forces conquered the Visigothic Kingdom and established al-Andalus, a Muslim state covering much of modern-day Spain and Portugal. For several centuries, Christian kingdoms in the north fought to regain territory from al-Andalus in a process known as the Reconquista, which ended in 1492 with the fall of Granada.
The document provides an overview of the Islamic world from approximately 600 to 1400 CE. It discusses the origins and spread of Islam under Muhammad, the establishment of Islamic states and caliphates, as well as the cultural and intellectual achievements during this period. Key events included the expansion of Islam across North Africa and into Spain and Central Asia, the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, and the fragmentation of political authority among competing states.
The Byzantine Empire emerged after the fall of Rome, with its capital in Constantinople. It included parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Emperor Justinian expanded the empire through conquest but strained its resources. He also codified Roman law and built churches. The Orthodox Church worked closely with the government. Meanwhile, the prophet Muhammad spread Islam through the Middle East and North Africa. The Quran outlined the religion's beliefs and duties. As Islam expanded through trade and war, conquered lands adopted Islamic culture and governance. Non-Muslims faced restrictions and high taxes. Muslim advances in fields like banking, science, and navigation aided their expansion.
Here are some key comparisons to know for the exam:
- Japanese and European feudalism both involved decentralized political systems dominated by warrior elites (samurai and knights) who owed allegiance to lords in exchange for land. However, Japanese feudalism was more decentralized and based on personal loyalty rather than land ownership.
- Both eastern and western Europe saw the rise of centralized monarchies and nation-states, but eastern Europe faced more disruption from nomadic invasions like the Mongols while western Europe was influenced by the Catholic church.
- Major cities in societies like China, India, Middle East acted as centers of trade, administration, and culture. European cities were more commercial centers while Chinese cities emphasized bureaucracy
The document summarizes the rise of the Arab Islamic Empire from 622-1450 AD in three parts: 1) The birth of Islam under Muhammad and the early conquests that unified Arabia from 622-632 AD. 2) The expansion of the Islamic empire through military conquest and conversion from 633-750 AD into North Africa, Spain, the Middle East and parts of India. 3) The cultural and intellectual golden age of the empire from 800-1255 AD, particularly in Spain, followed by its decline after the Mongol invasion and sack of Baghdad in 1258 AD.
THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION AND THE BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION.pdfYassinChahid
The document summarizes the development of early civilizations from the Paleolithic era to ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China. It describes how hunter-gatherer societies transitioned to agriculture and settlements with the Neolithic Revolution approximately 10,000 years ago. This led to more complex political and social structures and the rise of the first major civilizations along rivers like the Tigris/Euphrates, Nile, Indus, and Yellow River between 3500-2500 BCE. Key developments included writing systems, organized religion, social hierarchies, architecture, and trade between regions.
The document provides answers to review questions about Islam and its spread from the 7th-15th centuries. It discusses how Islam addressed problems in nomadic Arabian societies, the basic beliefs and pillars of Islam, and how Islam transformed from a nomadic to global civilization by 850 through trade, military expansion, and establishing an empire spanning Europe, Asia and North Africa. It also summarizes the major characteristics of the Abbasid Caliphate, changing roles of women in Islamic society over time, Islam's attitude towards slavery, the extent of Islam's conversion in various regions, characteristics of Sudanic states and Swahili city-states, and the Byzantine Empire.
The Mayan Temple of the Great Jaguar in Tikal, Guatemala was built in the 8th century AD to serve as the tomb for ruler Chan K'awill. The 144 foot tall temple has a steep pyramid shape with nine large steps and hundreds of small steps, topped by a temple with a roof featuring carvings. While its explicit purpose was as a tomb, it also served to accentuate the ruler's power and status by widening the physical distance between those at the top and bottom of the structure.
This document provides an overview of Islamic civilizations and history. It begins with definitions of Islam and key terms like Allah, Muslim, and mosque. It then discusses the prophet Muhammad and the hijrah. Key events and figures of early Islamic history are outlined, including the Kabbah, caliphs like Abu Bakr, the Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates. The document also summarizes pillars of Islam, divisions in the religion, important structures like the Dome of the Rock, the Islamic Golden Age, Al-Andalus, the Ottoman Empire, and cultural works like One Thousand and One Nights.
AP World History: Modern Period 1, c. 1200-1450 CE ReviewDave Phillips
The act of the countess of Béarn swearing homage to her overlord, the king of Aragon, is most closely identified with the political system of feudalism. Under feudalism, lords granted land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and military service. In this image, the countess is demonstrating her loyalty and subservience to the king as her overlord by swearing homage. This reflects the hierarchical social and political relationships characteristic of feudalism.
The document summarizes the history and origins of Islamic civilization in Arabia before and during the rise of Islam under the prophet Muhammad. It describes how: (1) Before Muhammad, Arabia was inhabited by nomadic tribes without strong political entities who followed pagan, Jewish, or Christian faiths; (2) Muhammad received revelations in 610 CE and taught monotheism, establishing the religion of Islam; (3) His followers rapidly expanded the new Islamic state across the Middle East and North Africa through military conquests. Islamic civilization entered a golden age under the Abbasid caliphs and advanced philosophy, science, and culture while transmitting knowledge to Europe. However, Islamic dominance declined by the 15th century with the rise of other empires.
1. The document discusses the Abbasid Caliphate from the 10th-11th centuries, noting several caliphs like Al Muti, At Tai, and Al Qadir and how they grew weaker over time due to the influence of other dynasties like the Buwayids.
2. It also discusses important scientific advances during this period by figures like Ibn Sina and Al-Haytham in fields like medicine, optics, and astronomy.
3. Concurrently, it outlines the rise of other Islamic empires like the Fatimid Caliphate based in Egypt and the Seljuk Turks who came to dominate the Abbasids.
The document provides an overview of key events and developments during the Early Middle Ages in Europe:
1. It describes the Germanic migrations into the Western Roman Empire beginning in the 3rd century CE due to Roman weakness, and the division of the Roman Empire into Western and Eastern halves in 395 CE.
2. It discusses the Visigoths, a Germanic tribe that entered the Roman Empire to escape the Huns, later receiving land in Gaul before being expelled by the Franks and establishing a kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula.
3. It outlines the Byzantine Empire, the continuation of the Eastern Roman Empire with its capital of Constantinople, and its gradual territorial losses over subsequent centuries under
The Visigoths invaded and settled in Hispania in the 5th century, establishing a kingdom with its capital in Toledo. The Visigothic Kingdom lasted until 711 AD when the Muslims invaded and conquered most of the Iberian Peninsula, establishing the emirate of Al-Andalus. Al-Andalus became an independent province ruled from Cordoba and brought Islamic culture and rule to Iberia for over 800 years. Meanwhile, the Christian kingdoms expanded northward until they began the Reconquista in the 11th century, eventually conquering the last Muslim kingdom of Granada in 1492.
The four Rightly Guided Caliphs succeeded Muhammad as leaders of the Muslim community after his death - Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. However, disagreements over succession led to a split between Sunnis and Shias. Meanwhile, the Islamic empire expanded rapidly under the Umayyad dynasty, conquering lands from Persia to North Africa and establishing cities like Baghdad and Cordoba that became centers of trade, culture, and learning. Factors like military victories, treaties, merchant activity, and the introduction of new crops and technologies contributed to the spread of Islam across Afro-Eurasia.
During the period from 570-1000 CE, the Arab empire experienced a golden age of trade and urbanization. Major cities like Baghdad, Cairo, and Damascus served as centers for trade along the Silk Road as well as administrative and cultural hubs. Ships and caravans traded goods like gold, slaves, silk, spices, and other commodities across Africa, Asia, and Europe. This flourishing trade led to large, prosperous cities and the rise of Islamic architecture including grand mosques and palaces.
The document summarizes the rise of Islam. It describes how the religion was founded in 610 AD by the prophet Muhammad in Mecca and spread across the Arabian Peninsula and beyond through military conquests under the first four caliphs. The Muslim empire grew rapidly to span over 6000 miles due to factors like disciplined armies and allowing conquered peoples to keep their faith if they paid a tax. However, internal divisions later emerged between the Sunni and Shia over who should lead the Muslim community after Muhammad.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, sought to fulfill his grandfather's goal of conquering all of China. He established the Yuan Dynasty, which united China for the first time in over 300 years. Kublai Khan made Beijing his capital and opened China to foreign trade while making few changes to Chinese culture and government. However, the Mongol rule faced problems due to the small Mongol population ruling over many Chinese and resentment grew over time. Various rebellions eventually led to the fall of the Yuan Dynasty after Kublai Khan's death.
First Empires of india & Rrade of Indian Culture (2018)Cassidy Baker
The Mauryas and the Guptas established two major empires in ancient India but neither unified the subcontinent permanently. Under Chandragupta Maurya and his grandson Ashoka, the Mauryan Empire stretched across northern India. Ashoka promoted Buddhism after feeling remorse for the violence of his conquests. The Gupta Empire saw a cultural flowering under Chandragupta I, his son Samudra Gupta, and grandson Chandragupta II, but also broke apart after their deaths. Increased trade under the Guptas spread Indian religions like Hinduism and Buddhism throughout Southeast Asia.
Indo-Europeans + Indian Religions (2018)Cassidy Baker
The document provides information on Indo-European migrations to India beginning around 1700-1200 BC. It discusses how Indo-European pastoral groups like the Aryans migrated from central Eurasia to places like Anatolia and India. In India, the Aryans established kingdoms and developed the caste system, dividing society into distinct social classes. It also describes how the Hittite Empire rose in Anatolia and how the Aryans transformed India, establishing Vedic culture and sacred texts like the Vedas, Mahabharata, and Bhagavad Gita. The document contains questions for an AP India test focusing on these migrations and their impacts on languages, empires, and social systems
The document provides an overview of the expansion of the Ottoman and Safavid empires between the 15th and 17th centuries. It discusses key Ottoman sultans like Osman, Orkhan I, Mehmet II, and Suleiman the Magnificent who expanded the empire through military conquest. The empire thrived under Suleiman's rule but later declined due to corruption and weak rulers. It also outlines the rise of the Safavid Empire in Persia under leaders like Ismail I and Shah Abbas, who made Shi'a Islam the official religion and blended Persian and Islamic influences. The Safavid Empire also declined after incompetent rulers took power.
The document provides background information on the Atlantic slave trade. It discusses when the slave trade began in the 1450s, the reasons it started which included labor shortages and beliefs of superiority. It describes the three phases of the slave trade: capture in West Africa, the treacherous Middle Passage journey across the Atlantic, and seasoning in brutal work camps in the Caribbean. The document also examines the triangular trade route between Africa, North America, and the Caribbean that facilitated the slave trade and the growth of slavery in America through the invention of the cotton gin.
APW: Review Days (+ answers to questions)Cassidy Baker
This document outlines a daily study plan for a history class, assigning 50 points for each day's work. The plan includes:
1. 20-40 multiple choice practice questions on a timed section of history.
2. Correcting the practice questions.
3. Reviewing test formats, materials, or commonly missed topics.
4. Studying individually or with partners using flashcards, textbook sections, or practice exams. Proof of study is required.
Study options include flashcards, textbook review, practice exams, short answers, essays, or timelines. An optional Kahoot review is included at the end of some days. The goal is to prepare students for an AP history test through
The document summarizes the key events leading up to and during World War 1. Rising tensions between European powers due to nationalism, imperialism, and military buildup set the stage. Immediate sparks included ethnic conflict in the Balkans and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. This caused alliances to pull major powers into a war characterized by trench warfare and stalemate on the Western Front, as well as mobile but bloody fighting on the Eastern Front against Russia. Over four years, new military technologies emerged but failed to break the deadlock, leading to enormous casualties before the war finally ended in 1918.
Europe Chapter 24 (Revolutions, Nationalism, Art)Cassidy Baker
Europe faced revolutions and the rise of nationalism in the 19th century. Liberal uprisings challenged absolute monarchies as new ideologies like nationalism emerged. Nationalist groups in places like Greece and Germany helped establish independent nation-states. At the same time, artistic and intellectual movements like Romanticism grew in response to industrialization and political changes.
Constantinople became the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of Rome to Germanic tribes in the 5th century. Under the rule of Justinian in the 6th century, the Byzantine Empire reconquered much of the territory once held by Rome. Byzantine culture was influenced by Roman traditions but spoke Greek, and its legal code and architecture, such as the Hagia Sophia, had lasting influence. However, the empire gradually declined due to unrest, plague, and attacks from neighboring powers.
Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus around 1000 BC. It developed into a Republic in 509 BC after overthrowing the last king. The Republic expanded through military conquests including defeating Carthage in the Punic Wars. Tensions grew between the patricians and plebeians leading to the rise of populists like Julius Caesar who became dictator for life. After his assassination, Octavian became the first emperor, Augustus, beginning the Roman Empire. The Empire reached its height under emperors like Trajan but declined due to military overspending and invasions by Germanic tribes, with the Western half falling in 476 AD. Rome left a lasting cultural legacy including its system of law,
This document provides an overview of ancient Greek geography, history, and culture. It discusses how Greece's mountainous landscape separated communities and led to the development of independent city-states. It describes the early Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations and the legendary Trojan War. It outlines the rise of Sparta and Athens as powerful city-state models with differing governments and social structures. The document also summarizes Greece's conflicts with Persia and the cultural achievements during Athens' Golden Age under Pericles, including advances in philosophy, drama, architecture, and democracy.
Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, sought to fulfill his grandfather's goal of conquering all of China. He established the Yuan Dynasty, which united China for the first time in over 300 years. Kublai Khan made Beijing his capital and opened China to foreign trade while making few changes to Chinese culture and government. However, the Mongol rule faced problems due to the cultural differences between the Mongols and the many Chinese people they ruled over. Within a century, the Yuan Dynasty fell apart due to overexpansion, luxury, peasant rebellions, and natural disasters.
The document provides an overview of the early Muslim world from 600-1250 CE. It discusses the geography of the Arabian Peninsula and the importance of Mecca as a trade and religious center. It describes the life of the prophet Muhammad and the origins and key beliefs of Islam, including the five pillars. It explains the rapid expansion of the early Muslim empire through military conquests and voluntary conversions. The caliphates that arose helped spread Islam across large parts of Africa and Asia, establishing an empire and cultural achievements in education, science, and architecture.
The document discusses key events of World War 2 in Europe and Asia. It describes Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 which marked the start of the war, as well as Germany's swift defeat of France in 1940 through the use of blitzkrieg tactics. It also discusses the Holocaust and the systematic murder of 6 million Jews by Nazi Germany. The summary ends with the Allied invasion of Normandy on D-Day in 1944 and Hitler's failed counteroffensive which marked the beginning of the end for Nazi Germany.
1. The Space Race between the US and USSR in the 1950s-1970s led to early cooperation between scientists of the two countries and helped advance space exploration.
2. By the 1970s, the US and USSR had begun working together on projects like the Apollo-Soyuz mission, though their space programs also developed independently thereafter.
3. Advances in science and technology in recent decades have greatly increased global interdependence through developments like the Internet, video communications, and international scientific projects like the International Space Station.
This document provides instructions for an assignment where students will be divided into groups to present on early American tribes. Each group will create a Google Slides presentation on their assigned tribe. The presentation must include title, time period, location, beginnings, leaders, cities, government, economy/trade, and other required topics. Students will divide up the content and add their slides to a shared Google Slide show for their group before presenting to the class.
AP World: Mongols (12:2) + Mongol Reading ResourcesCassidy Baker
The Mongols, a nomadic people from the Mongolian steppe, conquered much of Asia under the leadership of Genghis Khan in the 13th century. Genghis Khan united the Mongol tribes and built a powerful military force that allowed the Mongols to establish the largest contiguous land empire in world history. After Genghis Khan's death, the Mongol Empire was divided into four khanates that were ruled by his descendants and continued expanding the empire's territories to include regions like Korea, Persia, Russia, and parts of Eastern Europe. The Mongol Empire promoted trade and interaction between different peoples during a period of stability known as the Pax Mongolica.
The document provides a detailed overview of the history of ancient Rome from its founding through the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Some key points covered include:
- Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus around 1000 BC and gradually grew to dominate the Italian peninsula through conflict with neighboring groups like the Etruscans and Greeks.
- The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC and was ruled by elected leaders and a senate, though real power was held by wealthy patricians.
- Rome expanded greatly through the Punic Wars against Carthage in the 3rd-2nd centuries BC, gaining control of the Mediterranean.
- Conflicts between political factions led to the rise of Julius
Constantinople became the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of Rome, carrying on Roman traditions for over 1000 years. Under Justinian, the empire reconquered Italy and North Africa but eventually declined due to plague, religious conflicts, and attacks from invaders. The Byzantine Empire influenced the development of Orthodox Christianity and spread the faith to Slavic peoples through missionaries like Saints Cyril and Methodius.
The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...Phoenix O
This manual will guide you through basic skills and tasks to help you get started with various aspects of Magic. Each section is designed to be easy to follow, with step-by-step instructions.
A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...OH TEIK BIN
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/presentations
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/documents
Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma teaching of Kamma-Vipaka (Intentional Actions-Ripening Effects).
A Presentation for developing morality, concentration and wisdom and to spur us to practice the Dhamma diligently.
The texts are in English and Chinese.
The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - MessageCole Hartman
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...franktsao4
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
The forces involved in this witchcraft spell will re-establish the loving bond between you and help to build a strong, loving relationship from which to start anew. Despite any previous hardships or problems, the spell work will re-establish the strong bonds of friendship and love upon which the marriage and relationship originated. Have faith, these stop divorce and stop separation spells are extremely powerful and will reconnect you and your partner in a strong and harmonious relationship.
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1. The Book of Job: God's infinite wisdom is the key to acknowledging his jus...
Ap middle eastreviewnotes
1. AP Middle East Review
1. Early Middle East
I. Mesopotamia
● Means the land between two rivers
● Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (Fertile Crescent)
● Many important civilizations formed in this area
II. Sumerian Civilization
● 3000 BC city-states developed
● They all shared common characteristics
● Constant fighting led to political instability
● Extensive trade with Egypt and the Indus Valley
III. Sumerian Government, Religion & Society
1. Government was a theocracy when priests or religious rulers govern society.
2. Were polytheistic and had 3000 gods
3. Woman were inferior to men, wore veils
4. Priests had political power
5. Social Structure: 1. Ruler 2. Nobles 3. Priests 4. Commoners 5. Farmers 6. Slaves
IV. Sumerian Jobs & Achievements
● Job specialization: merchants, artisans, and scribes
● Created a number system based on 60.
● Developed astronomy, algebra & geometry
● Created the wheel and schools
● Early use of bronze tools, chariots
● Created cuneiform is the earliest form of writing
● The Epic of Gilgamesh
V. Art & Architecture
● Created Ziggurats: temples built for the gods to bring the people closer to the gods
VI. The Fall of Sumer
● The Sumerian civilization was weakened severely by Saragon of Akkad.
● Saragon created the world’s first major empire (The Akkadians)
VII. Babylonian Empire
● Around 1792 BCE Hammurabi created the Babylonian Empire.
● Hammurabi created the first law code based on an “eye for an eye”
● The punishment fit the crime and was based on social rank and gender
● Ex. If a nobleman puts out another nobleman’s eye, his eye shall be put out.
● Ex. If a slave put out a nobleman’s eye, the slave shall be put to death.
● slaves were considered property
● innocent until proven guilty
VIII. Nebuchadnezzar II
● From 1500 BCE until 610 BCE Mesopotamia was divided.
● The Chaldeans reunited Mesopotamia
2. ● Nebuchadnezzar II became the new king of the Neo-Babylonians in 610 BCE
● He destroyed Jerusalem and exiled the most prominent Jews
● He also built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon for his wife
● After Nebuchadnezzar’s death Babylon was ruled by weak rulers.
● Babylon fell to Cyrus the Great of Persia.
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2. Middle East Civilizations
I. The Hittites
Years: 1700 – 1200 BCE
● Assimilated Sumerian culture
● Warriors that used iron weapons
● polytheistic and adopted gods from Sumer and Babylon
II. The Assyrians
Years: 911-612 BCE
a. Created a world empire
b. iron weapons
c. used cavalry
d. Created longitude & latitude
e. Helped spread cultural diffusion
f. Polytheistic: Adapted religion from Sumerians
III. The Chaldeans
Years: 626 – 539 BCE
a. Ruled by Nebuchadnezzar
b. Known as the Neo-Babylonians
c. Built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
d. Polytheistic
IV The Persians
Years: 530 – 331 BCE
● Empire stretched from Libya to Turkey in the east and to India in the west
● postal system and a network of roads
● Ruled with satraps: governors of areas that ruled in the emperor's name
● The empire fell to Alexander the Great
a. Zoroastrianism: preached monotheism
b. Religion is tolerant of other faiths
c. Zoroaster convinced king to convert
d. Was not a widespread religion
V. The Hebrews
Years: ca. 2000 BCE
a. known as Israelites or Jews
b. Practiced monotheism
c. Enslaved by Egypt 1400- 1200 BCE
d. Moses led the Exodus of the Jews out of Egypt
e. Received the 10 Commandments
1. Judaism and Monotheistic
2. Judaism is the basis for Christianity & Islam
3. VI The Phoenicians
Years 1200 – 800 BCE
a. skilled traders & sailors that migrated throughout the Mediterranean
b. Known as the “carriers of civilization” because they spread people, goods and ideas to their
numerous colonies
c. Their economy prospered due to extensive trade
d. Created the world's first alphabet
VII The Lydians
Years: 600- 500 BCE
1. First metal coinage & portable currency
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3. UMYYADS & ABBASIDS
VI. Umayyads
i. 656-661 Ali had become the fourth caliph
ii. He was assassinated
iii. 661 Mu'awiyah becomes new caliph
iv. Umayyads rule all of Arabia
v. Move capital from Mecca to Damascus
vi. This caused a permanent shift is Islam
a. Shi’a: only follow Ali and his descendants
b. Sunni: Follow all caliphates
i. Umayyads: tax the mawali
ii. They could not serve in army or in government
iii. Dome of the Rock is built
iv. Allow for religious toleration with Jews and Christians
VII. Decline
i. Luxurious living for the caliphates
ii. Revolts began
iii. Civil wars between Shi’a and Sunni
iv. Abbasids take over in 750
VIII. Differences between Sunnis and Shia’s
SUNNI MUSLIMS SHIA MUSLIMS
90 % of all Muslims 10 % of Muslims
Sunni comes from “Sunnah” means the
custom or “way of the prophet
Shi’a comes from shi’at’ ali Which means
partisans of Ali
Will recognize all caliphates Will not recognize all caliphates, only
followers of Ali
Less emphasis on imams Imam means spiritual “leader”
For the shia, only imams can interpret the
Qur’an
4. Both interpret the Qur'an differently
Shi’a idealize suffering and martyrdom
Ashura is a Shi’a tradition and it marks the anniversary of the martyrdom of Husayn
Further Division
● split between Sunni, Shia has remained bitter
● Third group developed within Islam—the Sufis
● Sufis seek mystical, personal connection with God, using range of practices including breath
control and meditation in rituals
IX. Abbasids
1. Take over in 750 CE led by Abu Abbas and the Shi’a
2. Good administrators, efficient bureaucracy
3. 762 CE move the capital to Baghdad
4. Large and growing population
5. Cities were urban centers
6. Merchants traded with Africa, Russia and India
7. Supported the integration of the mawali
8. Actively supported conquered areas to convert to Islam
9. Abbasids invited all to join in, turned Islam into universal religion, attracted people of many
cultures
X. Women in the Abbasid Dynasty
a. Beginning of Islam women had rights
b. They could inherit property, own business, divorce men, get an education
c. By the late 7th century male dominance was enforced by the Qur’an
d. Abbasids create the use of the veil and the harem
e. Wives of caliphs were concubines kept in secluded quarters
f. Women were always chaperoned
XI. Achievementsof the Abbasid
i. Golden Age of Islam began in 750 and lasted until ca. 1400
ii. Mawali became integrated into the empire, no special taxes, worked in gov’t
iii. Creation of universities of Cordoba and Baghdad
iv. Literature: 1001 Arabian Nights
v. Traded with numerous countries
vi. Used Steel swords and a credit based economy
vii. Advances in arts, sciences, medicine and math
viii. Al-Razi treated diseases: small pox and measles
ix. Influenced by Western culture
XII. Decline
1. Mid 9th century
2. Empire became too big to control
3. Many civil wars
4. Peasants rebellions
5. Empire became divided into separate states
6. Mongols invaded from Asia
7. The empire fell in 1258
5. XIII. al-Andalus
● 711 CE: Berbers (peoples from North Africa) conquer Iberian Peninsula
● Al-Andalus refers to the areas on the Iberian Peninsula (Spain & Portugal) governed by the
Muslims (known as Moors)
● Failed expansion into Europe 732 CE
● capital at Cordoba
● preserved Greco-Roman traditions + blended them with new advances from the Muslim world
XIV. Mamluk Dynasty
● 13th century: Mamluks (slaves turned soldiers) establish control over Egypt after fall of Abbasids
● Mamluks: converts to Islam, strict observance of Islam
● Maintained trade routes through Egypt
4 Origins of Islam
I. Arabian Peninsula
a. Harsh desert
b. Bedouins: nomads that herded camels and goats
c. Clans were the basis of society
d. Led by Sheikh: the patriarch of a tribe or family
e. Strife and rivalry between clans
II. Muhammad
a. Born 570 CE in Mecca a leading commercial center
b. Founder of Islam
c. 610 has his first revelation, met an angel Gabriel
d. considered a prophet of God
III. Mecca to Medina
a. In Mecca he was seen as a threat
b. Muhammad’s flight from Mecca and to Medina in 622 called the Hijra
c. Organizes the umma: Islamic communities that accept him as a messenger
d. 629 mawali: non-Arab converts to Islam
e. 630 makes trip back to Mecca
f. 632 dies without a successor...But all of Arabia is under Muslim control
IV. Beliefs of Islam
a. Monotheistic
b. Allah the one true god
c. Koran or Quran the Islamic holy book
d. Shariah: The code of law based on the Koran.
e. Five Pillars of Islam: Faith in Allah, Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca, Fasting: daylight hours of
Ramadan, Give Alms: charity and the Hajj: one pilgrimage to Mecca during lifetime
V. After Muhammad’s Death
i. 632: Abu Bakr becomes first caliph or successor of Muhammad
ii. 634 Arabia under the caliph’s control
6. iii. Caliph was a spiritual leader of Islam
iv. Issue of succession caused division
1. Ottoman Empire
I. Rise of the Ottoman Empire
○ Migrated to Asia Minor (Turkey) late 1200s.
○ Ottomans were vassals of the Seljuk Turks,
○ Ottoman state created by Osman I in 1280
○ GOVERNMENT: run by the sultan.
○ ministers were viziers, or high ranking officials
○ Ulema are Muslim scholars of Islamic studies.
II Ottoman Military
○ Gunpowder Empire, artillery, or cannons into their armies + ships.
○ Janissaries were recruited at childhood from conquered Christian communities.
○ Converted to Islam and loyal to the sultan.
○ Received training as modern infantry and gunpowder
III Ottoman Military Conquests
○ Conquered Balkans late 1300s
○ Navies gained hegemony over the eastern Mediterranean.
○ Destruction of the Byzantine Empire in 1453.
○ New capital, Istanbul.
○ Selim I:
1. North Africa +conquered Egypt.
2. Controlled of important coastal ports in Tripoli, Tunis and Algiers.
○ Suleiman I:
1. Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566).
2. Attacked territories of Romania, Hungary, and Austria’s Holy Roman Empire.
3. Known as the Lawgiver
4. He also supported religious tolerance
5. Was responsible for a Golden Age
IV. Women in the Ottoman Empire
○ Queen mother ran the household and had diplomatic relations with foreign officials.
○ Right to own property and retain property after marriage.
○ Women also bought and sold real estate
V Religion and Politics
1. Ottomans ruled Sunni + Shiite Muslims
2. Governed Jews, Orthodox Christians, Catholic and Protestants.
3. No equal rights
4. Pay a special head tax.
5. Millet administrative unit for each religious group
6. Sultan position was hereditary
7. Concubines lived in a sacred place known as a harem.
7. VI Fall of the Empire
○ The sultans since Suleiman were men of little ability, and poorly trained.
○ Trade routes no longer as important for Europe
○ Big population, less controllable
○ The sick man of Europe.
○ WWI Marked the end of the Ottoman Empire
6. The Safavid Empire
VII. The Beginning of the Safavid
○ Safi al-Din Sufi mystic from Iran
○ followed the Shi’a branch of Islam
○ Always in conflict with the Ottomans (Sunni Muslims)
○ Redhead army for wearing red headgear
VIII. The Safavid Dynasty
● Shah Isma’il I became ruler at 14 years old
● founded the Safavid Dynasty in 1502
● Killed thousands of Sunni Muslims for not converting
● Constantly at war with the Ottomans
● Shah Abbas the Great
○ Golden Age in 1587
○ Reformed government, military and civilian life.
○ Armies had modern artillery.
○ Religious toleration
○ Established relations with Europe.
○ Opened empire to other cultures
IX. Decline of the Safavids
■ Abbas killed and blinded his sons
■ weak leaders allowed attacks from outsiders
■ Grandson Safi was incompetent
■ Nadir Shah Afshar a Sunni came to rule
■ Assassinated by his own men in 1747
■ Created a legacy based on Persian culture
■ Left Shi’ism as the staple religion in the region
7. The Mughal
X. India after the Gupta
○ Gupta Empire fell in 550
8. ○ India then made up of local kingdoms
○ Trade linked India to China and Middle East
○ Delhi Sultanate ruled from 1206-1526
○ Delhi were Muslims who ruled in north India
○ Sultan was the ruler, and was religiously tolerant
XI. Mughal
■ 1526 Babur conquers Delhi
■ Set up the Mughal Empire 1526- 1857
■ Babur:
■ Great military leader
■ Weak administrator
■ Expanded to the Indus and Ganges plains
■ Akbar a.k.a Akbar the Great
■ Babur’s grandson
■ 1556-1605
■ Military leader and great administrator
■ Blended Hindu and Islamic religions called Divine Faith
■ religious toleration
■ Opened up all jobs to Hindus
■ Ended tax on non-Muslims
■ Modernized the army and reforms
■ Gave women more rights
XII. Successors of Akbar
○ Jahangir weak ruler but loved art and music
○ Shah Jahan built Taj Mahal
○ He too was weak, hated military. Loved arts and architecture
XIII. Internal revolt
○ 1600s Aurangzeb rules
○ Persecutes Hindus
○ Heavy taxes on non-Muslims
○ peasants revolt
○ Rulers not focused on internal affairs
○ Conquering weakened the treasury
○ Refused to compete with European technology
This ended the Mughal in 1857
8. Mustafa Kemal
I. The Rise of Mustafa Kemal
● The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in WWI.
● After the loss, the empire fell apart
● The Greeks attempted to overtake Turkey
● Mustafa Kemal was nationalist leader of the Young Turks
● The Young Turks rose up to defeat the sultan and the Greeks in 1919
● Kemal took the name Atatürk or “Father of the Turks”
● Became President of Turkey in 1923
II. Atatürk’s Reforms
● Turkey was predominantly Muslim
● Wanted to reform Turkey using Western ideas
9. ● He introduced western customs and clothes
● Western ideas in gov’t by creating a parliament
● Changed legal code from Islamic to Western
● Educational system became coeducational
● He gave women full social and political rights.
● He used ruthless actions to institute change in Turkey
9. OPEC & Terrorism
III. Pan-Arabism
● Pan-Arabism is a nationalist movement for unification among the Arab peoples and nations of the
Middle East.
● Pan-Arabism is a form of cultural nationalism.
I. OPEC
1. The Middle East controls two-thirds of the world’s oil reserves
2. In 1960, the Middle East united with a few other oil-exporting countries, like Venezuela, to form
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries).
3. OPEC members countries have controlled the price of oil since 1960
II. The Persian Gulf War
1. Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990 under Saddam Hussein
2. Iraq wanted to gain control of a greater percentage of the world’s oil reserves
3. The UN and U.S sent forces to drive the Iraqis out of Kuwait
4. Kuwait was liberated and Iraq was humiliated
5. Iraq was then subjected to UN monitoring, severe limitations on its military activities and
economic sanctions.
6. Hussein still remained in power
7. Hussein held on to his brutal dictatorship for another 10 years
8. 2005 Hussein was captured
9. Hussein was executed in December 2006
III. Taliban and Al Queda
● The Taliban formed in Afghanistan following the fall of the U.S.S.S
● They are a Islamic fundamentalist group
● The gov’t imposed strict Islamic law
● It was also a safe haven for Osama Bin Laden and his terrorist group Al Queda
● Al Queda despises the United States, Saudi Arabia and Israel
● Al Queda wants these countries removed to stop infecting Islamic culture
● On Sept. 11 2001, Al Queda operatives attacked the World Trade Center in NYC
● Al Queda also organized other attacks
● The U.S and UN targeted and removed the Taliban from power
● Al Queda in still a major terrorist threat