This document discusses iron deficiency anemia, including its normal hemoglobin ranges, classification, etiological factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and management. It is classified based on red blood cell morphology and etiology. Causes include low iron diet, growth spurts, GI problems, and blood loss. Diagnostic tests include hemoglobin measurement, complete blood count, peripheral smear, and iron studies. Management involves oral and parental iron therapy, blood transfusion, dietary changes including iron-rich foods, and preventive measures like exclusive breastfeeding and iron-fortified formula.

1. Iron
deficiency
anemia
Nidhi Chauhan
M.Sc Nursing Previous Year
Govt. College of Nursing, Jodhpur

2. introduction

3. Normal range of
hemoglobin
At birth- 13.5–16.5 gm/dl
½ to 2 year- 10.5-12 gm/dl
12-18 yr(girl)- 12-14 gm/dl
12-18 yr (boy)- 13-14 gm/dl

4. definition

5. Classification of
anemia
On the basis of morphology of RBC
On the basis of etiology

6. Morphological
classification
Size
Normocyte
s
Microcytes
Macrocyte
s
Shape
Spherocytes
Drepanocytes
Other shapes
Color
Normochromic
Hypochromic
Hyperchromic

7. Etiological classification
Decreased
RBC
production
• Aplastic anemia
• Iron deficiency
anemia
• Vitamin b12
deficiency
• Thalassemia
Increased
RBC
destruction(int
ra-
corpuscular)
• Sickle cell
anemia
• Hemoglobin C
anemia
• G 6 PD anemia
Increased
RBC
destruction(ex
tra-
corpuscular)
• Hemolytic
anemia
• Autoantibody
induced anemia
• Anemia
associated with
drugs, toxins,
poisons etc

9. Etiological
factors

10. Low iron
diet
Growth
spurt

11. GI
problems Blood loss

14. Grey hair Puffiness of eyes
Tachycardia Platynychia

15. Diagnostic tests
1 • Hemoglobin measurement
2 • Complete blood count
3 • Peripheral blood smear
4 • Iron studies

16. management
Oral therapy
Parental therapy
Blood transfusion
Dietary management

17. Oral therapy
• Ferrous sulphate
• Preterm infants-- 2-4 mg/kg/day
• Full term infants--1 mg/kg/day
• Children 1-3 yr-- 7 mg/kg/day
• Children 4-8 yr-- 10 mg/kg/day
• Children 9-13 yr-- 8 mg/kg/day
• Male 14-18 yr-- 11mg/day
• Female 14-18 yr-- 15 mg/day

19. Parental therapy
• Parental iron-Dextron, Sodium ferric
gluconate, iron sucrose, ferumoxitol
• Indications:-
Intolerance to oral iron
Malabsorption
Severe blood loss
• Dose – 1-3 mg/kg diluted in 150 ml of
normal saline and starts as slow
infusion over 30-90 minutes.

20. Blood transfusion

21. Dietary management

22. Preventive measures
Exclusive Breast feeding up to 6 months
Iron fortified formula after 6 months
Avoid cow’s milk before 1 yr of age
Limit cow’s milk intake up to 24 oz/day after 12
months
Intake of iron rich diet
Cooking in cast iron utensils