This presentation discusses anemia in teenage girls. Anemia is defined as a decreased level of hemoglobin in the blood below the reference level for age and sex. It is a sign of an underlying condition rather than a disease itself. Common causes of anemia include iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, blood loss, and genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and paleness. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include oral iron supplements, vitamin injections, blood transfusions, or medications. Maintaining a healthy diet with iron-rich and vitamin-rich foods can help prevent and treat anemia.

1. welcome

2. Presentation on ANEMIA IN TEENAGE GIRLS BY the students of IIIrd biochemistry. Sreekrishna college guruvayur.

7. ANEMIA Anemia is not a disease but a sign of some underlying disease.

8. Normal Levels

9. WHO Classification of Anemia

10. Blood the average human has 5 litres of blood it is a transporting fluid it carries vital substances to all parts of the body

11. COMPONENTS OF BLOOD COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

13. Components of Whole Blood Plasma(55% of whole blood) WBC and platelets(<1% of whole blood) Formed elements Erythrocytes(45% of whole blood) Withdraw blood and place in tube Centrifuge 1 2

15. can carry up to 4 molecules of O2

16. associates and dissociates with O2

19. Lack of anemia cause Fe deficiency anemia.

21. Lack of anemia cause Fe deficiency anemia.

24. IRON RICH FOODS SPINACH

25. DRIED FRIUTS

26. CEREALS

27. EGG

28. RED MEAT.

29. CHOCOLATE

32. SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS

33. Symptoms Irritability Lack of Concentration Fatigue Infection Palpitation Weakness Dizziness

34. other symptoms: HEADACHE

35. HAIR LOSS

36. WEAKNESS

37. BRITTLE NAILS

38. PALE SKIN

39. DIFFICULTIES IN CONCENTRATE

41. Most common – hookworm infestation, Round worm, whip worm, etc.

43. Hemorrhagic anemia result of acute or chronic loss of blood

45. Sickle-cell anemiaAnemia: Abnormal Hemoglobin

46. absent or faulty globin chain in hemoglobin Erythrocytes are thin, delicate, and deficient in hemoglobin Thalassemia

47. Sickle-cell anemia results from a defective gene Codes for an abnormal hemoglobin called hemoglobinS (HbS) This defect causes RBCs to become sickle-shaped in low oxygen situations

49. SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

54. Lack of intrinsic factor needed for absorption of B12

55. Treatment is intramuscular injection of B12Pernicious anemia

56. ANAEMIA: Preventable, Yet a Problem!!

57. Management Options Treat the cause before conception balanced diet, education and health support. Build up iron stores during adolescent phase

58. Bloodtransfusion Parenteral Oral Iron Human Recombinant Erythropoietin Injectable Iron Treatment

59. Oral Iron Therapy Ideal dose – 100mg per day (prophylactic) Ferrous gluconate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous succinate, ferrous sulphate, ferrous ascorbate citrate Rise in Hb – 0.8 gm / dl / week Side effects -G I upset most common

61. Iron from animal sources is more easily absorbed than iron from plant foods.

62. Vitamin C increases the uptake of iron, so add foods containing vitamin C (eg. orange juice, tomato salad)

63. Lack of vitamin B12 can contribute to anemia, intake of foods containing vitamin B12, such as beef, pork, eggs, cheese and milk.

65. According to WHO: 1st may 2010 – scientific anemia day.

67. THANK YOU VERY MUCH

68. PRESENTED BY : IIIrd biochemistry students Sreekrishna college guruvayur.