This document provides a classification of different types of anemia based on cause, red blood cell morphology, and other factors. It begins by defining anemia and listing normal hemoglobin levels. Anemia is then classified based on whether it is caused by blood loss, inadequate red blood cell production, or excessive red blood cell destruction. Red blood cell morphology is also used to classify anemia as normocytic, macrocytic, or microcytic. Each type is described in terms of average cell size and common causes. Normocytic anemia can present with normal or elevated reticulocyte counts. Microcytic anemia is often associated with iron deficiency or thalassemia. Macrocytic anemia includes me
causes of macrocytic anemia pathopysiology, sign and symptoms and the difference between macrocytic anemia megaloblastIc anemia. causes of hypersegmented neutrophils and its association between them. investigation and medical management plus pictures illustration.
causes of macrocytic anemia pathopysiology, sign and symptoms and the difference between macrocytic anemia megaloblastIc anemia. causes of hypersegmented neutrophils and its association between them. investigation and medical management plus pictures illustration.
Megaloblastic anaemia is a red blood cell disorder due to the inhibition of DNA synthesis during erythropioesis.
Mitotically, the inhibition of the DNA synthesis impaires the progression of the cell cycle development from G2 to (M) stage.
Anemia (pronounced /əˈniːmiə/, also spelled anaemia or anæmia; from Ancient Greek ἀναιμία anaimia, meaning "lack of blood") is a decrease in normal number of red blood cells (RBCs) or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood.[1][2] However, it can include decreased oxygen-binding ability of each hemoglobin molecule due to deformity or lack in numerical development as in some other types of hemoglobin deficiency.
A case presented in Medicine grand round on behalf of Department of Endocrinology, BSMMU by Dr. Hasainatul Zannat (Phase A resident, Nephrology) on 17th November, 2013.
Megaloblastic anaemia is a type of anaemia characterized by the formation of unusually large, abnormal and immature red blood cells called as megaloblasts by the bone marrow, which are released into the blood. To know more visit here: www.lazoi.com
2. What is Anaemia?
Definition of Anaemia
Anemia is reduced Haemoglobin concentration in blood more than the
amount appropriate for that age, sex, race and physiological status.
Normal ranges of Hb
Men:
Hb 13.5 -17.5 g/dL
Women: Hb 11.5-16
g/dL
Infants : Hb 14 – 20
g/dL
3.
4. Blood loss
On the basis of
cause
Inadequate production
of normal blood cells
Excessive destruction of
blood cells
Classification of
anaemia
Normocytic
On the basis
of
morphology
of RBC
Macrocytic
Microcytic
5. Classification according to
Morphology of RBC
• The average size of RBC (MCV) provides a convenient and
informative framework to categorize the various types of
anaemia
6. Normocytic Normochromic
Anaemia
• The primary cause - reduction of number of RBCs.
Eg: Endocrine disorders (hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism
and hypoadrenalism)
Haematological disorders(aplastic anaemia ,haemolytic
anaemias)
Acute blood loss
Anaemia of chronic diseases
8. Normocytic anaemia can be presented with elevation of
reticulocyte count or a reduction of reticulocyte count.
Elivated reticulocyte count
• Blood loss
anaemia
• Haemolytic
anaemia
Normal or low reticulocyte
count
• Bone marrow
disorders(Aplastic
anaemia)
• Chronic disease
• Kidney disease
9. Microcytic Anaemia
Many RBCs smaller than normal (MCV<80fL)
The RBCs are usually hypochromic (MCH<27pg)
Increased zone of central pallor
Cells are various in shape & size
11. Microcytic
Anaemia
Iron deficiency anaemia
Due to other reasons
Serum Ferritin level > 50µg/L
Serum Ferritin level > 50µg/L
Thalassaemia trait (α or β)
due to inadequate iron
for Hb synthesis)
Anaemia of chronic disease
Sideroblastic
anaemia(Inherited)
Lead poisoning
13. Macrocytic Anaemia
• The average size of RBCs are larger than normal(>100fL)
• {MCHC is normal or high}
• Can be divided in to 2 types
Megaloblastic anaemia
Non megaloblastic anaemia