The document discusses the onset of convection of a Maxwellian fluid in a porous medium with variable gravity. It uses the positive operator method to establish that the principle of exchange of stabilities (PES) is valid when gravity is non-negative throughout the fluid layer. The problem is mathematically formulated using governing equations for a Rayleigh-Bernard situation in a viscoelastic fluid-saturated porous medium under variable gravity. Linearized perturbation equations are derived to analyze the physical problem.
The role of strain rate in the dynamic response of materialsAI Publications
We start with the response of ductile materials. To understand the response of these materials to fast dynamic loadings, we introduce two approaches to dynamic viscoplasticity. These are the flowstress approach and the overstress approach, and strain rate has different roles with these two approaches. At very high loading rates the flowstress approach implies very high strength, which is hard to explain by microscale considerations, while the overstress approach does not.We then demonstrate the advantage of using the overstress approach by applying the two approaches to the elastic precursor decay problem. Next use the overstress approach to treat the following problems: 1) the 4th power law response in steady flow of ductile materials; 2) high rate stress upturn (HRSU) of ductile materials; and 3) HRSU of brittle materials. With these examples we demonstrate the advantage of using the overstress approach over the flowstress approach. It follows that HRSU means High (strain) Rate Stress Upturn and not High Rate Strength Upturn, as would follow from using the flowstress approach.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI)inventionjournals
This document presents a study of unsteady magnetopolar free convection flow through a porous medium with radiation and variable suction. The governing equations for this problem are derived and solved using a series expansion method. Results are presented graphically showing the effects of various parameters like permeability, magnetic field, thermal Grashof number, and slip on velocity, angular velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, and heat transfer rate for the fluids air and water. Key findings include that decreasing thermal Grashof number decreases skin friction in air but increases it in water, and decreasing the temperature jump parameter increases the heat transfer rate.
Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity that possesses both magnitude and direction. The conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant unless an external force acts on it. Viscoelastic materials exhibit both viscous and elastic properties, straining over time when stress is applied but also partially recovering when stress is removed. Common tests used to characterize viscoelastic materials include creep-recovery, stress relaxation, and cyclic tests by applying and removing constant loads/strains over time.
Critical analysis of zwietering correlation for solidsfabiola_9
This document provides a critical analysis of limitations in the Zwietering correlation for predicting the just suspended speed (Njs) of solids in stirred tanks. It reviews how factors like particle properties, liquid viscosity, geometry, and scale-up are either not fully captured or have limited ranges of applicability in the Zwietering correlation. New data on the effects of off-bottom clearance and solids concentration show these cannot be explicitly accounted for using the Zwietering equation form and suggest modified exponents are needed for solids concentration above 2% by weight.
This document summarizes a research article that investigates the steady, two-dimensional Falkner-Skan boundary layer flow over a stationary wedge with momentum and thermal slip boundary conditions. The flow considers a temperature-dependent thermal conductivity in the presence of a porous medium and viscous dissipation. Governing partial differential equations are non-dimensionalized and transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The equations are highly nonlinear and cannot be solved analytically, so a numerical solver is used. Numerical results are presented for the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, velocity and temperature profiles for varying parameters like the Falkner-Skan parameter and Eckert number.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of Hall current, chemical reaction, and viscous dissipation on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow, heat, and mass transfer along a porous flat plate. The governing equations were solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method. Parameters like the magnetic field, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, and modified Grashof numbers for heat and mass transfer were varied to examine their impacts on velocity, temperature, and other variables. The results provide insight into complex coupled transport processes with potential applications in areas like material processing, energy systems, and industrial equipment.
Fluid properties can be described qualitatively and quantitatively. Key parameters that describe fluids include density, specific weight, specific volume, specific gravity, viscosity, compressibility via the bulk modulus, and speed of sound. Gases follow the ideal gas law, and vapor pressure determines when boiling occurs as the fluid pressure reaches vapor pressure. Surface tension arises from molecular cohesive forces at fluid interfaces.
The role of strain rate in the dynamic response of materialsAI Publications
We start with the response of ductile materials. To understand the response of these materials to fast dynamic loadings, we introduce two approaches to dynamic viscoplasticity. These are the flowstress approach and the overstress approach, and strain rate has different roles with these two approaches. At very high loading rates the flowstress approach implies very high strength, which is hard to explain by microscale considerations, while the overstress approach does not.We then demonstrate the advantage of using the overstress approach by applying the two approaches to the elastic precursor decay problem. Next use the overstress approach to treat the following problems: 1) the 4th power law response in steady flow of ductile materials; 2) high rate stress upturn (HRSU) of ductile materials; and 3) HRSU of brittle materials. With these examples we demonstrate the advantage of using the overstress approach over the flowstress approach. It follows that HRSU means High (strain) Rate Stress Upturn and not High Rate Strength Upturn, as would follow from using the flowstress approach.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI)inventionjournals
This document presents a study of unsteady magnetopolar free convection flow through a porous medium with radiation and variable suction. The governing equations for this problem are derived and solved using a series expansion method. Results are presented graphically showing the effects of various parameters like permeability, magnetic field, thermal Grashof number, and slip on velocity, angular velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, and heat transfer rate for the fluids air and water. Key findings include that decreasing thermal Grashof number decreases skin friction in air but increases it in water, and decreasing the temperature jump parameter increases the heat transfer rate.
Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity that possesses both magnitude and direction. The conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant unless an external force acts on it. Viscoelastic materials exhibit both viscous and elastic properties, straining over time when stress is applied but also partially recovering when stress is removed. Common tests used to characterize viscoelastic materials include creep-recovery, stress relaxation, and cyclic tests by applying and removing constant loads/strains over time.
Critical analysis of zwietering correlation for solidsfabiola_9
This document provides a critical analysis of limitations in the Zwietering correlation for predicting the just suspended speed (Njs) of solids in stirred tanks. It reviews how factors like particle properties, liquid viscosity, geometry, and scale-up are either not fully captured or have limited ranges of applicability in the Zwietering correlation. New data on the effects of off-bottom clearance and solids concentration show these cannot be explicitly accounted for using the Zwietering equation form and suggest modified exponents are needed for solids concentration above 2% by weight.
This document summarizes a research article that investigates the steady, two-dimensional Falkner-Skan boundary layer flow over a stationary wedge with momentum and thermal slip boundary conditions. The flow considers a temperature-dependent thermal conductivity in the presence of a porous medium and viscous dissipation. Governing partial differential equations are non-dimensionalized and transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The equations are highly nonlinear and cannot be solved analytically, so a numerical solver is used. Numerical results are presented for the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, velocity and temperature profiles for varying parameters like the Falkner-Skan parameter and Eckert number.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of Hall current, chemical reaction, and viscous dissipation on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow, heat, and mass transfer along a porous flat plate. The governing equations were solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method. Parameters like the magnetic field, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, and modified Grashof numbers for heat and mass transfer were varied to examine their impacts on velocity, temperature, and other variables. The results provide insight into complex coupled transport processes with potential applications in areas like material processing, energy systems, and industrial equipment.
Fluid properties can be described qualitatively and quantitatively. Key parameters that describe fluids include density, specific weight, specific volume, specific gravity, viscosity, compressibility via the bulk modulus, and speed of sound. Gases follow the ideal gas law, and vapor pressure determines when boiling occurs as the fluid pressure reaches vapor pressure. Surface tension arises from molecular cohesive forces at fluid interfaces.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Numerical Analysis of Inlet Gas-Mixture Flow Rate Effects on Carbon Nanotube ...A Behzadmehr
The growth rate and uniformity of Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) based on Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
technique is investigated by using a numerical model. In this reactor, inlet gas mixture, including xylene as
carbon source and mixture of argon and hydrogen as carrier gas enters into a horizontal CVD reactor at
atmospheric pressure. Based on the gas phase and surface reactions, released carbon atoms are grown as CNTs on the iron catalysts at the reactor hot walls. The effect of inlet gas-mixture flow rate, on CNTs growth rate and its uniformity is discussed. In addition the velocity and temperature profile and also species concentrations throughout the reactor are presented.
This document discusses various properties of fluids, including:
- Viscosity, which represents a fluid's internal resistance to motion. It depends on intermolecular forces and temperature.
- Surface tension and capillary effects, where attractive molecular forces cause liquids to behave like stretched elastic membranes and rise in thin tubes.
- Compressibility and expansion, where fluids contract under pressure and expand with temperature. The bulk modulus and coefficient of volume expansion quantify these responses.
- Other topics covered include vapor pressure, the continuum approximation, density, specific heat, and speed of sound in fluids.
This document discusses rheology and the importance of understanding flow properties in pharmaceutical manufacturing and product administration. It defines rheology as the study of flow and deformation of matter under stress. The document covers various types of fluid flow including Newtonian, plastic, pseudoplastic and dilatant. It also discusses thixotropy and measurement of viscosity using single point viscometers like Ostwald and falling sphere, as well as multi-point viscometers like cup and bob and cone and plate. Understanding rheology is important for developing dosage forms and ensuring their proper handling and administration.
This document analyzes pore pressure generation and dissipation in cohesionless materials during seismic loading. It develops an efficient solution based on a multiple time scale analysis. The solution splits the problem into two sub-problems based on different time scales: 1) a fast time scale related to cyclic loading and 2) a slow time scale related to drainage. It presents the theoretical framework and describes implementing the solution in a finite element code to predict pore pressure development under a bridge pier foundation during an earthquake. The goal is to limit excessive pore pressure increase that could compromise foundation stability.
Fluid properties like density, viscosity, and specific gravity are important to characterize different fluids. Density is defined as mass per unit volume and determines whether a flow is compressible or incompressible. Viscosity measures a fluid's resistance to flow and internal friction. It is proportional to shear stress and inversely proportional to velocity gradient. Water has a viscosity of 1x10-3 N-s/m2 while air is less viscous at 1.8x10-5 N-s/m2. Specific gravity is the ratio of a fluid's density to that of water and is a dimensionless property.
Non-Newtonian Visco-elastic Heat Transfer Flow Past a Stretching Sheet with C...IJERA Editor
In this paper two dimensional flow of a viscoelastic fluid due to stretching surface is considered. Flow analysis is carried out by using closed form solution of fourth order differential equation of motion of viscoelastic fluid. Further (Walters’ liquid B’ model) heat transfer analysis is carried out using convective surface condition. The governing equations of flow and heat transfer are non-linear partial differential equations which are unable to solve analytically hence are solved using Runge-Kutta Numerical Method with efficient shooting technique. The flow and heat transfer characteristics are studied through plots drawn. Numerical values of Wall temperature are calculated and presented in the table and compared with earlier published results which are in good agreement
This document summarizes a numerical investigation into the effects of roughness on near-bed turbulence characteristics in oscillatory flows. Direct numerical simulations were performed for two particle sizes corresponding to large gravel and small sand particles. A double-averaging technique was used to study the wake field spatial inhomogeneities introduced by the roughness. Preliminary results showed additional production and transport terms in the double-averaged Reynolds stress budgets, indicating alternate turbulent energy transfer pathways. Budgets of normal Reynolds stress components revealed redistribution of energy from the streamwise to other components due to pressure work. The large gravel particles significantly modulated near-bed flow structures and isotropization, while elongated horseshoe structures formed for the sand case due to high shear. Redistribution of energy
This document provides information about pavement materials engineering. It discusses the relationships between different phases in soil, including solid particles, water, and air. Key terms discussed include density, unit weight, specific gravity, voids ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, bulk unit weight, dry unit weight, and saturated unit weight. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate volumes, weights, moisture content, and other properties for soil samples. Relationships between these various properties are also examined.
Unsteady MHD Flow Past A Semi-Infinite Vertical Plate With Heat Source/ Sink:...IJERA Editor
In the present paper a numerical attempt is made to study the combined effects of heat source and sink on unsteady laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting fluid along a semiinfinite vertical plate. A magnetic field of uniform strength is applied normal to the flow. The governing boundary layer equations are solved numerically, using Crank-Nicolson method. Graphical results of velocity and temperature fields, tabular values of Skin-friction and Nusselt are presented and discussed at various parametric conditions. From this study, it is found that the velocity and temperature of the fluid increase in the presence of heat source but they decrease in the presence of heat absorption parameter.
This document discusses properties of fluids and fluid statics. It defines a fluid and fluid mechanics, and classifies fluids as real or ideal. Physical properties of fluids discussed include mass density, specific weight, specific volume, relative density, viscosity, and surface tension. Viscosity is defined using Newton's law of viscosity. Fluid statics is the study of fluids at rest, and concepts covered include pressure, Pascal's law, manometers, buoyancy, and pressure on surfaces. Key terms are defined such as specific gravity, specific volume, and the relationships between mass density, specific weight, and viscosity.
Numerical study of non darcian natural convection heat transfer in a rectangu...Ahmed Al-Sammarraie
This document summarizes a numerical study of natural convection heat transfer in a rectangular enclosure filled with a porous medium saturated with viscous fluid. The study examines the effects of parameters like Rayleigh number, porosity, particle to fluid thermal conductivity ratio, Darcy number, and enclosure aspect ratio on heat transfer. A modified Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy model is used to simulate the fluid flow and heat transfer. The governing equations are discretized using a finite difference method and solved using the ADI method. Results show that Nusselt number increases with Rayleigh number and porosity, and decreases with Darcy number, thermal conductivity ratio, and aspect ratio. A correlation is developed to relate Nus
Thermohaline Convection With Variable Viscosityresearchinventy
The problem of double diffusive convection with variable viscosity confined between the two horizontal plates is investigated by the linear stability analysis. The transformed governing equations are numerically solved by using the Galerkin method. We have studied both stationary convection and oscillatory convection. The threshold values of Rayleigh number and wave number are computed and presented for various boundary conditions viz. rigid-rigid (푅/푅), rigid-free (푅/퐹), free-rigid (퐹/푅) and free-free (퐹/퐹) and for different values of physical parameters viz., salinity Rayleigh number푅푠 , Lewis number L, viscosity ratio c and Prandtl number푃푟 . For rigid-rigid boundary conditions we have studied the effect of 푐, 푅푠 on the vertical velocity and temperature eigenfunctions at the onset. It is observed that the salinity concentration stabilizes the dynamical system. The occurrence of co-dimension two bifurcation point(퐶푇푃)is shown for various boundary conditions.
This document presents a study on the finite difference solutions of magnetohydrodynamic free convective flow with constant suction and variable thermal conductivity in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. The governing equations for the flow are non-dimensionalized and solved using the Crank-Nicolson finite difference method. Steady-state analytical solutions are also obtained using perturbation methods to check the accuracy of the numerical solutions. The velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are illustrated and skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are tabulated and discussed for different parameters like variable thermal conductivity and Darcy-Forchheimer number. It is found that velocity and temperature increase with variable thermal conductivity while concentration decreases
Effects of Variable Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity on MHD Free Convection...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a numerical study that examines the effects of temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity on the steady, laminar boundary layer flow of a dusty fluid near a vertically stretching sheet. The study considers magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow with heat generation. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved numerically using a shooting method. Results for velocity, temperature, species concentration, and skin friction, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are obtained and analyzed for various physical parameters, providing insights into heat and mass transfer with practical applications in industries like material processing and manufacturing.
Homotopy Analysis to Soret and Dufour Effects on Heat and Mass Transfer of a ...iosrjce
The objective of this paper is to study the Soret and Dufour effects on the free convection boundary
layer flow of an incompressible, viscous and chemically reacting fluid over a vertical plate in the presence of
viscous dissipation. The governing partial differential equations are converted to a set of ordinary differential
equations using suitable similarity transformations. The resulting equations are solved analytically using
homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence of obtained analytical solutions is explicitly discussed. The
effects of various parameters on dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed
with the help of graphs. The numerical values of skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number for
different parameters are presented in tabular form. Our results are compared with the previously published
results and are found to be in good agreement.
IRJET-Modeling of ‘Tesla Rooms’ based on Wireless Power Transfer TechnologyIRJET Journal
This document discusses modeling a "Tesla Room" that can wirelessly power all devices in the room. It describes various wireless power transfer technologies like inductive coupling and resonant inductive coupling. The Tesla Room would embed large transmitter coils in the walls, connected to cooling elements to prevent overheating. This would allow for a larger power transmission range within the room. Devices in the room could receive power wirelessly by matching the resonance frequency of their receiver coils to the embedded transmitter coils. The Tesla Room aims to combine different wireless power transfer methods to efficiently deliver power to devices in the room without wires.
IRJET-Semantic Based Document Clustering Using Lexical ChainsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a semantic-based document clustering approach using lexical chains. It proposes using WordNet to perform word sense disambiguation on documents to extract core semantic features represented as lexical chains. Lexical chains identify semantically related words in a text based on relations like synonyms and hypernyms. Documents are then clustered based on the lexical chains extracted. The approach aims to overcome issues in traditional clustering like synonyms and polysemy by incorporating semantic information from WordNet ontology. It is argued that identifying themes based on disambiguated semantic features extracted via lexical chains can improve text clustering performance compared to bag-of-words models. An evaluation of the approach showed better results when using a threshold of 50% for lexical chain selection.
IRJET-Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document describes a simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid system. It involves designing a Zigbee-based smart power meter that can read power consumption and communicate data wirelessly to a utility server. The smart meter implementation uses an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power usage and transmit consumption details via Zigbee modules. The simulation is done using Embedded C in Proteus along with a CCS compiler. Key aspects covered include the system design, Zigbee technology, tarang communication modules, the smart meter operation flowchart, components like relays and transformers, and benefits of smart grids and smart metering.
What an awesome flooring! Yes, that’s what you and everyone will tell once you install the Coretec plus flooring. Call the Green Flooring Specialists for quotes. Visit us for more details:-http://www.greenflooringsupply.com/
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Numerical Analysis of Inlet Gas-Mixture Flow Rate Effects on Carbon Nanotube ...A Behzadmehr
The growth rate and uniformity of Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) based on Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
technique is investigated by using a numerical model. In this reactor, inlet gas mixture, including xylene as
carbon source and mixture of argon and hydrogen as carrier gas enters into a horizontal CVD reactor at
atmospheric pressure. Based on the gas phase and surface reactions, released carbon atoms are grown as CNTs on the iron catalysts at the reactor hot walls. The effect of inlet gas-mixture flow rate, on CNTs growth rate and its uniformity is discussed. In addition the velocity and temperature profile and also species concentrations throughout the reactor are presented.
This document discusses various properties of fluids, including:
- Viscosity, which represents a fluid's internal resistance to motion. It depends on intermolecular forces and temperature.
- Surface tension and capillary effects, where attractive molecular forces cause liquids to behave like stretched elastic membranes and rise in thin tubes.
- Compressibility and expansion, where fluids contract under pressure and expand with temperature. The bulk modulus and coefficient of volume expansion quantify these responses.
- Other topics covered include vapor pressure, the continuum approximation, density, specific heat, and speed of sound in fluids.
This document discusses rheology and the importance of understanding flow properties in pharmaceutical manufacturing and product administration. It defines rheology as the study of flow and deformation of matter under stress. The document covers various types of fluid flow including Newtonian, plastic, pseudoplastic and dilatant. It also discusses thixotropy and measurement of viscosity using single point viscometers like Ostwald and falling sphere, as well as multi-point viscometers like cup and bob and cone and plate. Understanding rheology is important for developing dosage forms and ensuring their proper handling and administration.
This document analyzes pore pressure generation and dissipation in cohesionless materials during seismic loading. It develops an efficient solution based on a multiple time scale analysis. The solution splits the problem into two sub-problems based on different time scales: 1) a fast time scale related to cyclic loading and 2) a slow time scale related to drainage. It presents the theoretical framework and describes implementing the solution in a finite element code to predict pore pressure development under a bridge pier foundation during an earthquake. The goal is to limit excessive pore pressure increase that could compromise foundation stability.
Fluid properties like density, viscosity, and specific gravity are important to characterize different fluids. Density is defined as mass per unit volume and determines whether a flow is compressible or incompressible. Viscosity measures a fluid's resistance to flow and internal friction. It is proportional to shear stress and inversely proportional to velocity gradient. Water has a viscosity of 1x10-3 N-s/m2 while air is less viscous at 1.8x10-5 N-s/m2. Specific gravity is the ratio of a fluid's density to that of water and is a dimensionless property.
Non-Newtonian Visco-elastic Heat Transfer Flow Past a Stretching Sheet with C...IJERA Editor
In this paper two dimensional flow of a viscoelastic fluid due to stretching surface is considered. Flow analysis is carried out by using closed form solution of fourth order differential equation of motion of viscoelastic fluid. Further (Walters’ liquid B’ model) heat transfer analysis is carried out using convective surface condition. The governing equations of flow and heat transfer are non-linear partial differential equations which are unable to solve analytically hence are solved using Runge-Kutta Numerical Method with efficient shooting technique. The flow and heat transfer characteristics are studied through plots drawn. Numerical values of Wall temperature are calculated and presented in the table and compared with earlier published results which are in good agreement
This document summarizes a numerical investigation into the effects of roughness on near-bed turbulence characteristics in oscillatory flows. Direct numerical simulations were performed for two particle sizes corresponding to large gravel and small sand particles. A double-averaging technique was used to study the wake field spatial inhomogeneities introduced by the roughness. Preliminary results showed additional production and transport terms in the double-averaged Reynolds stress budgets, indicating alternate turbulent energy transfer pathways. Budgets of normal Reynolds stress components revealed redistribution of energy from the streamwise to other components due to pressure work. The large gravel particles significantly modulated near-bed flow structures and isotropization, while elongated horseshoe structures formed for the sand case due to high shear. Redistribution of energy
This document provides information about pavement materials engineering. It discusses the relationships between different phases in soil, including solid particles, water, and air. Key terms discussed include density, unit weight, specific gravity, voids ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, bulk unit weight, dry unit weight, and saturated unit weight. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate volumes, weights, moisture content, and other properties for soil samples. Relationships between these various properties are also examined.
Unsteady MHD Flow Past A Semi-Infinite Vertical Plate With Heat Source/ Sink:...IJERA Editor
In the present paper a numerical attempt is made to study the combined effects of heat source and sink on unsteady laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting fluid along a semiinfinite vertical plate. A magnetic field of uniform strength is applied normal to the flow. The governing boundary layer equations are solved numerically, using Crank-Nicolson method. Graphical results of velocity and temperature fields, tabular values of Skin-friction and Nusselt are presented and discussed at various parametric conditions. From this study, it is found that the velocity and temperature of the fluid increase in the presence of heat source but they decrease in the presence of heat absorption parameter.
This document discusses properties of fluids and fluid statics. It defines a fluid and fluid mechanics, and classifies fluids as real or ideal. Physical properties of fluids discussed include mass density, specific weight, specific volume, relative density, viscosity, and surface tension. Viscosity is defined using Newton's law of viscosity. Fluid statics is the study of fluids at rest, and concepts covered include pressure, Pascal's law, manometers, buoyancy, and pressure on surfaces. Key terms are defined such as specific gravity, specific volume, and the relationships between mass density, specific weight, and viscosity.
Numerical study of non darcian natural convection heat transfer in a rectangu...Ahmed Al-Sammarraie
This document summarizes a numerical study of natural convection heat transfer in a rectangular enclosure filled with a porous medium saturated with viscous fluid. The study examines the effects of parameters like Rayleigh number, porosity, particle to fluid thermal conductivity ratio, Darcy number, and enclosure aspect ratio on heat transfer. A modified Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy model is used to simulate the fluid flow and heat transfer. The governing equations are discretized using a finite difference method and solved using the ADI method. Results show that Nusselt number increases with Rayleigh number and porosity, and decreases with Darcy number, thermal conductivity ratio, and aspect ratio. A correlation is developed to relate Nus
Thermohaline Convection With Variable Viscosityresearchinventy
The problem of double diffusive convection with variable viscosity confined between the two horizontal plates is investigated by the linear stability analysis. The transformed governing equations are numerically solved by using the Galerkin method. We have studied both stationary convection and oscillatory convection. The threshold values of Rayleigh number and wave number are computed and presented for various boundary conditions viz. rigid-rigid (푅/푅), rigid-free (푅/퐹), free-rigid (퐹/푅) and free-free (퐹/퐹) and for different values of physical parameters viz., salinity Rayleigh number푅푠 , Lewis number L, viscosity ratio c and Prandtl number푃푟 . For rigid-rigid boundary conditions we have studied the effect of 푐, 푅푠 on the vertical velocity and temperature eigenfunctions at the onset. It is observed that the salinity concentration stabilizes the dynamical system. The occurrence of co-dimension two bifurcation point(퐶푇푃)is shown for various boundary conditions.
This document presents a study on the finite difference solutions of magnetohydrodynamic free convective flow with constant suction and variable thermal conductivity in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. The governing equations for the flow are non-dimensionalized and solved using the Crank-Nicolson finite difference method. Steady-state analytical solutions are also obtained using perturbation methods to check the accuracy of the numerical solutions. The velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are illustrated and skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are tabulated and discussed for different parameters like variable thermal conductivity and Darcy-Forchheimer number. It is found that velocity and temperature increase with variable thermal conductivity while concentration decreases
Effects of Variable Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity on MHD Free Convection...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a numerical study that examines the effects of temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity on the steady, laminar boundary layer flow of a dusty fluid near a vertically stretching sheet. The study considers magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow with heat generation. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved numerically using a shooting method. Results for velocity, temperature, species concentration, and skin friction, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are obtained and analyzed for various physical parameters, providing insights into heat and mass transfer with practical applications in industries like material processing and manufacturing.
Homotopy Analysis to Soret and Dufour Effects on Heat and Mass Transfer of a ...iosrjce
The objective of this paper is to study the Soret and Dufour effects on the free convection boundary
layer flow of an incompressible, viscous and chemically reacting fluid over a vertical plate in the presence of
viscous dissipation. The governing partial differential equations are converted to a set of ordinary differential
equations using suitable similarity transformations. The resulting equations are solved analytically using
homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence of obtained analytical solutions is explicitly discussed. The
effects of various parameters on dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed
with the help of graphs. The numerical values of skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number for
different parameters are presented in tabular form. Our results are compared with the previously published
results and are found to be in good agreement.
IRJET-Modeling of ‘Tesla Rooms’ based on Wireless Power Transfer TechnologyIRJET Journal
This document discusses modeling a "Tesla Room" that can wirelessly power all devices in the room. It describes various wireless power transfer technologies like inductive coupling and resonant inductive coupling. The Tesla Room would embed large transmitter coils in the walls, connected to cooling elements to prevent overheating. This would allow for a larger power transmission range within the room. Devices in the room could receive power wirelessly by matching the resonance frequency of their receiver coils to the embedded transmitter coils. The Tesla Room aims to combine different wireless power transfer methods to efficiently deliver power to devices in the room without wires.
IRJET-Semantic Based Document Clustering Using Lexical ChainsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a semantic-based document clustering approach using lexical chains. It proposes using WordNet to perform word sense disambiguation on documents to extract core semantic features represented as lexical chains. Lexical chains identify semantically related words in a text based on relations like synonyms and hypernyms. Documents are then clustered based on the lexical chains extracted. The approach aims to overcome issues in traditional clustering like synonyms and polysemy by incorporating semantic information from WordNet ontology. It is argued that identifying themes based on disambiguated semantic features extracted via lexical chains can improve text clustering performance compared to bag-of-words models. An evaluation of the approach showed better results when using a threshold of 50% for lexical chain selection.
IRJET-Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document describes a simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid system. It involves designing a Zigbee-based smart power meter that can read power consumption and communicate data wirelessly to a utility server. The smart meter implementation uses an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power usage and transmit consumption details via Zigbee modules. The simulation is done using Embedded C in Proteus along with a CCS compiler. Key aspects covered include the system design, Zigbee technology, tarang communication modules, the smart meter operation flowchart, components like relays and transformers, and benefits of smart grids and smart metering.
What an awesome flooring! Yes, that’s what you and everyone will tell once you install the Coretec plus flooring. Call the Green Flooring Specialists for quotes. Visit us for more details:-http://www.greenflooringsupply.com/
http://koln-autoankauf.de/ is your total solution about buy accidental, defective or used vehicles nationwide, even with high running performance, engine, transmission or other damages, defect of vehicle. We are happy to buy cars or trucks with environmental label for export and with best prices for all vehicle types, regardless of whether there is a defect, accident or engine damage. It is totally not a matter whether your vehicle is located in Bonn, Dresden, Cologne, Berlin, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Munich, Stuttgart or any other cities.
IRJET-Survey of Image Object Recognition TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document discusses various techniques for object recognition in digital images. It begins by defining object recognition and describing its goals. It then outlines several important techniques for object recognition, including spatial relations, temporal relations, data retrieval in conventional databases, image extraction through mining, and content-based retrieval. For each technique, it provides examples and discusses how the technique can be used to recognize objects in images. The document concludes that object recognition can be improved by using contextual information and a knowledge base to classify segmented image regions.
IRJET-Design and Analysis Of Shock AbsorberIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and analysis of a shock absorber. It discusses:
1) Designing the shock absorber components like the upper mount, bottom mount, oil pad, and rod in CATIA.
2) Conducting structural and modal analysis in ANSYS to determine stresses and displacements using different spring materials - titanium alloy, phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, and spring steel.
3) The results show titanium alloy has the least stress intensity and maximum displacement, making it the best material for the spring. Modifying the design by reducing the spring diameter further lowers stresses and displacements.
IRJET- Effective Demosaicking for Bayer Color Filter Arrays with Direction...IRJET Journal
This document presents a novel demosaicking approach to restore full-color images from single-sensor digital camera data. The approach improves existing directional filtering and weighting techniques to reduce common demosaicking artifacts. It analyzes the advantages and limitations of prior methods and proposes a new estimation scheme. The method interpolates the green color plane using directional filtering or weighted averaging depending on edge strength. It then interpolates the red and blue planes using weighted averaging on color difference planes. Experimental results showed the proposed approach outperformed six state-of-the-art demosaicking methods in subjective and objective quality measures.
El documento describe los aspectos clave de la educación a distancia, incluyendo proporcionar al estudiante elementos teóricos y estrategias para el aprendizaje autónomo, fomentar una nueva actitud hacia el aprendizaje que supere los límites del tiempo y el espacio, y centrarse en construir la autonomía del estudiante a través de la participación, comunicación y aprendizaje colaborativo.
The document outlines a systematic approach to teaching with three main phases: 1) defining objectives and content focus, 2) implementing instruction through selecting materials and methods, and 3) evaluating outcomes and refining the process. It describes the approach as viewing the educational program as an integrated system of interrelated parts including objectives, teachers, students, and assessment tools. Factors like student needs and experiences must also be considered to ensure all elements work together to achieve the learning objectives.
This document discusses principles of organization management, including authority and responsibility, span of control, effective delegation, balance and flexibility in organizations, communication, and centralized vs decentralized structures. It provides definitions and explanations of these key concepts, along with factors that influence them. The document is presented by Mr. J.B. Shirote and covers topics relevant to managing organizations effectively.
Validity Of Principle Of Exchange Of Stabilities Of Rivilin- Ericksen Fluid...IRJET Journal
This document presents research on establishing the validity of the Principle of Exchange of Stabilities (PES) for thermal convection of a Rivlin-Ericksen fluid layer in porous medium heated from below with variable gravity. The fluid layer contains suspended particles and is subjected to rotation. The linearized stability equations are formulated using an operator method. It is established that PES is valid for this problem under sufficient conditions, when the gravity field g(z) is nonnegative throughout the fluid layer. This is done by analyzing the resolvent of the linearized stability operator as a composition of integral operators and applying the method of positive operators to show the system has a single greatest eigenvalue.
Introduction to convection
The dimensionless number and its physical significance
Similarity parameters from the differential equation
Dimensional analysis approach and its application
Numerical on Dimensional analysis approach
Review of Navier-Stokes equation
Thermal Instability of Chemically Reacting Maxwell Fluid in a Horizontal Poro...IJERA Editor
The effect of chemical reaction on the linear stability of a viscoelastic fluid saturated horizontal densely-packed
porous layer is investigated. The viscoelastic properties are given by Maxwell constitutive relations. The porous
layer is cooled from the upper boundary while an adiabatic thermal boundary condition is imposed at the lower
boundary. Linear stability analysis suggests that there is a competition between the processes of viscous
relaxation and thermal diffusion that causes the first convective instability to be oscillatory rather than stationary.
The effect of Deborah number, Darcy-Prandtl number, normalized porosity, and the Frank-Kamenetskii number
on the stability of the system is investigated. Using a weighted residual method we calculate numerically the
convective thresholds for both stationary and oscillatory instability. The effects of viscoelasticity and chemical
reaction on the instability are emphasized. Some existing results are reproduced as the particular cases of the
present study.
Abstract— A scientific investigation is created to examine the nonlinear unfaltering blended convection limit
layer stream and warmth exchange of an incompressible digression hyperbolicnon-Newtonian liquid from a
non-isothermal wedge in the nearness of attractive field. The changed preservation conditions are understood
numerically subject to physically fitting limit conditions utilizing a second-arrange precise verifiable limited
distinction Keller Box method. The numerical code is accepted with past studies. The impact of various rising
non-dimensional parameters, to be specific Weissenberg number (We), power law record (n), blended
convection parameter, weight angle parameter (m), Prandtl number (Pr), Biot number, attractive parameter
(M)and dimensionless extraneous direction on speed and temperature development in the limit layer
administration are inspected in subtle element. Moreover, the impacts of these parameters on surface warmth
exchange rate and nearby skin erosion are additionally examined. Approval with prior Newtonian studies is
introduced and amazing relationship accomplished. It is found that speed is lessened with expanding We,
while, temperature is increased. Expanding n improves speed yet diminishes temperature, a comparable
pattern was seen. An expanding M is found to decline speed however temperature increments.
Keywords— Magnetic parameter, Mixed Convection parameter, Non-Newtonian digression hyperbolic liquid,
power law index, Weissenberg number, Weight inclination parameter.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
International journal of engineering and mathematical modelling vol2 no3_2015_1IJEMM
A weak nonlinear stability analysis has been performed for an oscillatory mode of convection, heat and mass transports in terms of
Nusselt, Sherwood numbers are derived and evaluated by a non$-$autonomous complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. The porous layer boundaries are heated sinusoidally with time. The basic state temperature is defined in terms of study and oscillatory parts, where study part show nonlinear throughflow effect on the system and time dependant part show modulation effect. The generalized Darcy model is employed for the momentum equation. The disturbances of the flow are expanded in power series of amplitude of modulation, which is assumed to be small and employed using normal mode technics. The effect of vertical throughflow is found to stabilize or destabilize the system depending on its direction. The time relaxation parameter $\lambda_1$ has destabilizing effect, while time retardation parameter $\lambda_2$ has stabilizing effect on the system. Three types of modulations have been analyzed, and found that, OPM, LBMO cases are effective on heat and mass transfer than IPM case. The effects of amplitude and frequency of modulation on heat and mass transports have been analyzed and depicted graphically. The study establishes that the heat and mass transports can be controlled effectively by a mechanism that is external to the system.
In this paper, the unsteady motion of a spherical particle rolling down an inclined tube in a
Newtonian fluid for a range of Reynolds numbers was solved using a simulation method called
the Differential Transformation Method (DTM). The concept of differential transformation is
briefly introduced, and then we employed it to derive solution of nonlinear equation. The
obtained results for displacement, velocity and acceleration of the motion from DTM are
compared with those from numerical solution to verify the accuracy of the proposed method.
The effects of particle diameter (size), continues phase viscosity and inclination angles was
studied. As an important result it was found that the inclination angle does not affect the
acceleration duration. The results reveal that the Differential Transformation Method can achieve suitable results in predicting the solution of such problems.
Boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a dusty fluid over a vertical permea...eSAT Journals
This document discusses boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a dusty fluid over a vertical permeable stretching surface. The governing equations for steady, two-dimensional flow are presented and non-dimensionalized. The equations are then solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta method. Results are presented graphically showing the effects of various parameters like fluid-particle interaction, local Grashof number, radiation parameter, and Eckert number on flow and heat transfer characteristics. Comparisons are made to previous studies to validate the numerical method.
Thermal radiation effects on mhd free convection flow of a micropolar fluid p...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on thermal radiation effects on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow of a micropolar fluid past a stretching surface embedded in a non-Darcian porous medium. The governing equations for momentum, angular momentum, and energy are solved numerically. Key findings include:
1) The micropolar fluid model helps reduce drag forces and acts as a cooling agent compared to classical fluids.
2) Parameters like the Darcy number, radiation, magnetic field, and porous medium properties influence the velocity, microrotation, temperature, skin friction, and heat transfer.
3) Increased microrotation constant and coupling constant reduce skin friction but increase heat transfer.
Numerical Analysis of MHD Flow of Fluid with One Porous Bounding WallIRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes the laminar flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid between two parallel plates, where one plate is porous and the other is rigid.
2. It develops governing equations for the fluid flow using the Navier-Stokes equations and introduces dimensionless variables and a perturbation method.
3. It presents results showing that increasing the magnetic field increases the fluid velocity, while increasing the channel height decreases the velocity at a constant Reynolds number and slip coefficient. Graphs demonstrate how the fluid velocity profiles vary with changing magnetic field.
Similarity Solution of an Unsteady Heat and Mass Transfer Boundary Layer Flow...iosrjce
The unsteady hydromagnetic boundary layer flow of an incompressible and electrically conducting
fluid through a porous medium bounded by a moving surface has been considered. It is assumed that the moving
surface has a velocity profile with respect to time and fluid flow is taken under the influence of a transverse
magnetic field. The similarity solution is used to transform the system of partial differential equations,
describing the problem under consideration, into a boundary value problem of coupled ordinary differential
equations and an efficient numerical technique is implemented to solve the reduced system. The effects of the
parameters such as Magnetic parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number are discussed graphically on
velocity and temperature distributions
MHD Natural Convection Flow of an incompressible electrically conducting visc...IJERA Editor
We consider a two-dimensional MHD natural convection flow of an incompressible viscous and electrically
conducting fluid through porous medium past a vertical impermeable flat plate is considered in presence of a
uniform transverse magnetic field. The governing equations of velocity and temperature fields with appropriate
boundary conditions are solved by the ordinary differential equations by introducing appropriate coordinate
transformations. We solve that ordinary differential equations and find the velocity profiles, temperature profile,
the skin friction and nusselt number. The effects of Grashof number (Gr), Hartmann number (M) and Prandtl
number (Pr), Darcy parameter (D-1) on velocity profiles and temperature profiles are shown graphically.
Computational Analysis of Natural Convection in Spherical Annulus Using FEVIJMER
HEAT transfer by natural convection from a body to its finite enclosure is of importance
in nuclear reactor technology, electronic instrumentation packaging, aircraft cabin design, the
analysis of fluid suspension gyrocompasses, and numerous other practical situations. The steady
natural convection heat transfer of fluids between two concentric isothermal spheres is investigated
computationally with the help of FEV in ANSYS 14.5. The inner wall is subjected to a higher
temperature and outer is at room temperature. The steady behavior of the flow field and its
subsequent effect on the temperature distribution for different Rayleigh numbers and radius ratios
are analyzed.
Bossious boundary condition is taken for natural convection and which is solved in fluent
module. Steady solutions of the entire flow field is obtained for Rayleigh number (5x101<ra><105),><rr><3). The result shows that the Rayleigh number and
radius ratio have a profound influence on the temperature and flow fields and Prandlt number has
very negligible effect. The results of average Nusselt numbers are also compared with those of
previous numerical investigations. Excellent agreement is obtained.
Heat and Mass Transfer Hydromagnetic Radiative Casson Fluid Flow over an Expo...inventionjournals
The present paper examines the hydromagnetic two-dimensional boundary layer flow of a nonNewtonian fluid accompanied by heat and mass transfer towards an exponentially stretching sheet in the presence of chemical reaction and thermal radiation. Casson model is used to characterize non-Newtonian fluid behavior. Using the similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into self-similar ordinary differential equations is solved by using Matlab bvp4c package. The effects of pertinent parameters are presented in both graphical and tabular form.
Heat and Mass Transfer Hydromagnetic Radiative Casson Fluid Flow over an Expo...inventionjournals
The present paper examines the hydromagnetic two-dimensional boundary layer flow of a nonNewtonian fluid accompanied by heat and mass transfer towards an exponentially stretching sheet in the presence of chemical reaction and thermal radiation. Casson model is used to characterize non-Newtonian fluid behavior. Using the similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into self-similar ordinary differential equations is solved by using Matlab bvp4c package. The effects of pertinent parameters are presented in both graphical and tabular form.
Thermal Energy on Water and Oil placed Squeezed Carreau Nanofluids FlowMOHAMMED FAYYADH
this research work is focused on the numerical study regarding Carreau nanofluids’ squeezed flow via a permeable sensor surface. The nanofluids’ thermal conductivity is considered to be dependent on temperature. A convenient transformation is employed to reorganize governing equations into ordinary differential equations. The Runge–Kutta method and shooting technique are employed to accurately solve the boundary layer momentum as well as heat equations. Graphical and tabular aids are used to evaluate the solutions of applicable parameter with regards to temperature as well as the rate of heat transfer. In this work, a comparison is done from three nanofluids, i.e. copper, oxide aluminum and SWCNTs (nanoparticles) based fluids (water, crude oil and ethylene glycol) to improve heat transfer. It is found that the temperature dimensionless was dropped and dominated with the squeezed flow parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction parameter. That is for all nanomaterials. When compared with water and ethylene glycol, crude oil is cooler and a thinner thermal boundary layer is presented. For the rate of heat transfer (Nusselt number) was higher in: Ethylene glycol- SWCNT with high permeable velocity parameter 0.2, Ethylene glycol- SWCNT with low squeeze flow parameter 0.1 and Ethylene glycol- oxide aluminum with low nanoparticle volume fraction 0.05
IMPACT OF PRESENCE OF SUSPENDED PARTICLES IN STRATIFIED FLUID AND STABILITY U...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the impact of suspended particles on stratified fluid flows and their stability under temperature influences. It summarizes several studies that investigated this topic. The main points are:
1) Fine suspended particles destabilize the fluid by reducing the critical Rayleigh number, while coarse particles have a stabilizing effect by increasing friction.
2) The presence of suspended particles and changes in permeability can induce instability in the fluid, while rotation and magnetic fields tend to stabilize it.
3) Thermal and solute gradients can introduce oscillatory modes and affect stability. Suspended particles also influence stability, with their effects depending on other factors like rotation parameters.
4) In general, configurations with heavier fluid on top
This document discusses the effect of mass and partial slip on boundary layer flow of a nanofluid over a porous plate embedded in a porous medium. The governing equations for momentum, energy, and nanoparticle concentration are presented. Similarity transformations are applied to reduce the governing partial differential equations to a system of ordinary differential equations. The equations are then solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Results for shear stress, temperature distribution, nanoparticle volume fraction, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are obtained to illustrate the effects of various parameters including mass slip, partial slip, permeability, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion.
Soret Effect And Effect Of Radiation On Transient Mhd Free Convective Flow Ov...inventionjournals
The present paper is concerned to analyze the radiation, Magneto hydrodynamic and soret effects on unsteady flow heat and mass transfer characteristics in a viscous, incompressible and electrically conduction fluid over a semi-infinite vertical porous plate through porous media the porous plate is subjected to a transverse variable suction velocity. The transient, non linear and coupled dimensionless governing equations for this investigation are solved analytically using perturbation technique about a small parameter . the effects of governing parameters on the flow variables are discussed graphically.
Soret Effect And Effect Of Radiation On Transient Mhd Free Convective Flow Ov...inventionjournals
The present paper is concerned to analyze the radiation, Magneto hydrodynamic and soret effects on unsteady flow heat and mass transfer characteristics in a viscous, incompressible and electrically conduction fluid over a semi-infinite vertical porous plate through porous media the porous plate is subjected to a transverse variable suction velocity. The transient, non linear and coupled dimensionless governing equations for this investigation are solved analytically using perturbation technique about a small parameter . the effects of governing parameters on the flow variables are discussed graphically.
Similar to IRJET-Onset Of Convection Of Maxwellian Fluid In Porous Medium With Variable Gravity Using Positive Operator Method. (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
UNLOCKING HEALTHCARE 4.0: NAVIGATING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE I...amsjournal
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming industries, including healthcare, by integrating digital,
physical, and biological technologies. This study examines the integration of 4.0 technologies into
healthcare, identifying success factors and challenges through interviews with 70 stakeholders from 33
countries. Healthcare is evolving significantly, with varied objectives across nations aiming to improve
population health. The study explores stakeholders' perceptions on critical success factors, identifying
challenges such as insufficiently trained personnel, organizational silos, and structural barriers to data
exchange. Facilitators for integration include cost reduction initiatives and interoperability policies.
Technologies like IoT, Big Data, AI, Machine Learning, and robotics enhance diagnostics, treatment
precision, and real-time monitoring, reducing errors and optimizing resource utilization. Automation
improves employee satisfaction and patient care, while Blockchain and telemedicine drive cost reductions.
Successful integration requires skilled professionals and supportive policies, promising efficient resource
use, lower error rates, and accelerated processes, leading to optimized global healthcare outcomes.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.