This document describes the design of a gating system and feeders for an aluminum alloy casting of a circular component. It outlines the calculations to determine the dimensions of the sprue, runners, ingates, and feeders. The goal is to produce a defect-free casting through proper gating system and feeder design. Key steps included calculating the pouring rate and time, choke area, sprue dimensions, runner and ingate areas using a 1:4:4 gating ratio, and feeder size and shape based on the casting volume. The design aims to minimize turbulence during filling and properly compensate for solidification shrinkage.
Design and Analysis of fluid flow in AISI 1008 Steel reduction gear boxIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes fluid flow in an AISI 1008 steel reduction gearbox using computer simulation. The researchers redesigned the gearbox model in CATIA and analyzed it using casting simulation software to optimize the design and minimize defects from shrinkage, hotspots, and solidification time. They simulated the original design and a modified design with changes to the riser and gating system dimensions. The simulations aimed to improve yield by reducing porosity and defects in the casting.
Design and Experimental study of Friction stir welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy for...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and experimental study of friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy. The goal is to optimize welding parameters using a lathe machine. FSW is a solid-state welding process that joins metals without melting. The tool geometry and process parameters significantly impact weld quality. Experiments were conducted using different tool profiles and transverse speeds on AA6061 aluminum alloy plates of varying thickness on a lathe machine. Numerical simulations were also performed to model the thermal and mechanical effects of FSW. The simulations showed temperature distributions and deformation patterns during welding. Overall, the study aimed to understand how tool design and process parameters affect the mechanical properties and quality of FSW aluminum welds.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
The document discusses using the Taguchi method to analyze the effects of welding parameters on weld bead geometry. An experiment was conducted using MIG welding of mild steel plates with varying thickness, voltage, gas flow rate, and travel speed. Macrostructural tests were performed to measure the weld bead penetration, width, and reinforcement height. The results showed that penetration increased with higher speed and flow rate up to optimal values, while width and height increased with higher flow rate but decreased with higher speed. Therefore, the welding parameters significantly influence the weld bead geometry characteristics.
SURFACE ROUGHNESS OPTIMIZATION IN BALL NOSE MILLING PROCESS OF C45 STEEL USIN...IAEME Publication
In this paper, Taguchi method with L16 was used to experimental research in
order to present the influence of cutting parameters and feed path on the surface
roughness of workpiece when machining C45 by ball nose mill. The experimental
result shows the influence of above parameters on surface roughness and the value of
cutting conditions and feed path to minimize the surface roughness.
This document presents a comparative analysis of surface roughness and material removal rate during milling of AISI 410 steel and aluminum 6061. Experiments were conducted using a CNC milling machine varying spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Response surface methodology was used to optimize surface roughness. The results showed that for AISI 410 steel, spindle speed had the greatest effect on material removal rate and surface roughness, while for aluminum 6061, no parameters significantly affected the responses. Overall, different milling parameters impacted the materials differently in terms of surface finish and productivity.
An Experimental Analysis and Optimization of Process Parameters on Friction S...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that used Taguchi methods to optimize process parameters for friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA6061-T6 and AA6951-T6. The researchers conducted experiments using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to examine the effects of rotational speed, welding speed, and tool tilt angle on the tensile strength of the welded joints. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratios were used to analyze the results and identify the optimal levels for each parameter to maximize tensile strength. The researchers found that rotational speed had the greatest influence on tensile strength, followed by welding speed, with tool tilt angle having the smallest effect.
Analyzing the Effect of Different Process Parameters on Tool Wear, Chip Forma...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the effect of different process parameters on tool wear, chip formation, and surface integrity during CNC milling of Hastelloy C-276. Experiments were conducted using PVD coated inserts under dry and wet conditions. The results showed that flank wear was the most common type of tool wear. Chipping, build-up edges, and microcracking occurred even at low cutting speeds due to high temperatures and pressures. Two types of chips formed: serrated chips at low speeds and fragment chips at higher speeds. Dry machining resulted in grooves and smears on the surface, while wet machining led to microchip re-deposition. Cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut were
Design and Analysis of fluid flow in AISI 1008 Steel reduction gear boxIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes fluid flow in an AISI 1008 steel reduction gearbox using computer simulation. The researchers redesigned the gearbox model in CATIA and analyzed it using casting simulation software to optimize the design and minimize defects from shrinkage, hotspots, and solidification time. They simulated the original design and a modified design with changes to the riser and gating system dimensions. The simulations aimed to improve yield by reducing porosity and defects in the casting.
Design and Experimental study of Friction stir welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy for...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and experimental study of friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy. The goal is to optimize welding parameters using a lathe machine. FSW is a solid-state welding process that joins metals without melting. The tool geometry and process parameters significantly impact weld quality. Experiments were conducted using different tool profiles and transverse speeds on AA6061 aluminum alloy plates of varying thickness on a lathe machine. Numerical simulations were also performed to model the thermal and mechanical effects of FSW. The simulations showed temperature distributions and deformation patterns during welding. Overall, the study aimed to understand how tool design and process parameters affect the mechanical properties and quality of FSW aluminum welds.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
The document discusses using the Taguchi method to analyze the effects of welding parameters on weld bead geometry. An experiment was conducted using MIG welding of mild steel plates with varying thickness, voltage, gas flow rate, and travel speed. Macrostructural tests were performed to measure the weld bead penetration, width, and reinforcement height. The results showed that penetration increased with higher speed and flow rate up to optimal values, while width and height increased with higher flow rate but decreased with higher speed. Therefore, the welding parameters significantly influence the weld bead geometry characteristics.
SURFACE ROUGHNESS OPTIMIZATION IN BALL NOSE MILLING PROCESS OF C45 STEEL USIN...IAEME Publication
In this paper, Taguchi method with L16 was used to experimental research in
order to present the influence of cutting parameters and feed path on the surface
roughness of workpiece when machining C45 by ball nose mill. The experimental
result shows the influence of above parameters on surface roughness and the value of
cutting conditions and feed path to minimize the surface roughness.
This document presents a comparative analysis of surface roughness and material removal rate during milling of AISI 410 steel and aluminum 6061. Experiments were conducted using a CNC milling machine varying spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Response surface methodology was used to optimize surface roughness. The results showed that for AISI 410 steel, spindle speed had the greatest effect on material removal rate and surface roughness, while for aluminum 6061, no parameters significantly affected the responses. Overall, different milling parameters impacted the materials differently in terms of surface finish and productivity.
An Experimental Analysis and Optimization of Process Parameters on Friction S...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that used Taguchi methods to optimize process parameters for friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA6061-T6 and AA6951-T6. The researchers conducted experiments using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to examine the effects of rotational speed, welding speed, and tool tilt angle on the tensile strength of the welded joints. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratios were used to analyze the results and identify the optimal levels for each parameter to maximize tensile strength. The researchers found that rotational speed had the greatest influence on tensile strength, followed by welding speed, with tool tilt angle having the smallest effect.
Analyzing the Effect of Different Process Parameters on Tool Wear, Chip Forma...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the effect of different process parameters on tool wear, chip formation, and surface integrity during CNC milling of Hastelloy C-276. Experiments were conducted using PVD coated inserts under dry and wet conditions. The results showed that flank wear was the most common type of tool wear. Chipping, build-up edges, and microcracking occurred even at low cutting speeds due to high temperatures and pressures. Two types of chips formed: serrated chips at low speeds and fragment chips at higher speeds. Dry machining resulted in grooves and smears on the surface, while wet machining led to microchip re-deposition. Cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut were
Effect of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welded Joint for Similar Alumin...IJERA Editor
This document discusses optimizing the process parameters for friction stir welding (FSW) of similar aluminum alloy H30. Experiments were conducted using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array with rotational speed, travel speed, and axial force as parameters. Tensile tests found strengths ranged from 32-80 MPa. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratios identified axial force as the most significant parameter, with a strength-optimized level of 6000N. Rotational speed of 1600 RPM and travel speed of 20 mm/min also improved strength. The study aims to determine optimum parameters for high strength FSW joints of aluminum alloy H30.
Warpage simulation of manhole cover using auto cast x softwareLaukik Raut
Designing an appropriate gating/risering system, some defects can be minimized such as cracks, distortion, shrinkage
porosity, warpage, sink, and shrinkage cavity by simulating the directional solidification using casting software. In this study, the
component from industry i.e. manhole cover is leading to premature failure of warpage or distortion. Hence, there is requirement
of optimizing the appropriate gating/risering system. In this paper, the actual gating/risering system is simulated to minimize the
warpage defect occurring in the industry while manufacturing. Hence, the simulation for optimizing better gating/risering system
is done by using AutoCAST-X software which is based on Vector Gradient Method (VGM) for defect minimization
Ch1 introduction Erdi Karaçal Mechanical Engineer University of GaziantepErdi Karaçal
Manufacturing involves applying physical or chemical processes to alter the form of materials. It can be defined technologically as altering geometry, properties, or appearance of a starting material. Economically, it is transforming materials into items of greater value through processing or assembly. Common production types include continuous, mass/flowline, batch, and one-off. The document discusses various manufacturing processes, production systems, and layouts. It provides an overview of key concepts in manufacturing and production.
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRUSION PROCESS USING HYPERWORKSijsrd.com
Minimizing the amount of scrap generated in an aluminum extrusion process. An optimizing method is constructed based on Simulation Analysis approach. In present thesis the Simulation approach is presented to optimize the amount of Scrap generated during Aluminum extrusion process. The model applied to real data obtained from an existing extrusion factory. Results from using the suggested model provided substantial reductions in the amount of scrap generated. Using sound simulation analysis approaches contribute significantly in reducing waste and savings when compared to the existing nonscientific techniques.
Design of ‘plastic injection mold’ for an ‘air vent bezel’ through flow analy...eSAT Journals
Abstract Designer's of plastic injection Molds need to study from this point of view, the type of Mold to be designed, the physical Mold orientation, the dimensions for each of the element in the Mold, the location of the gate, runner, requirement of insert, draft angle requirement, shrinkage factor, location of cooling channels. Design can also be simplified by using standardized parts of the mold such as ejector pins. By eliminating the obstruction to smooth flow of plastic a good of quality component can be achieved. The effort of this thesis work is to find out the nuances in the Plastic Injection Mold Design while borrowing the inputs from the Flow Analysis (CAE) conducted for the 'Air vent bezel' to study the behavior of the Melt during flow. The Mold Design would incorporate suitable checking to ensure the best quality product in terms of `defect-free’ output. This thesis work consist methodology of plastic injection molding process, material requirement, how to overcome weld mark, shrinkage etc to satisfactorily assemble the component. Keywords: Draft angle, Shrinkage, CAE, weld mark
This document discusses surface engineering and manufacturing processes. It covers topics such as surface structure, surface finish terminology, surface roughness measurement, adhesion, friction, lubrication, wear mechanisms like abrasive and adhesive wear, thermal spraying, vapor deposition, electroplating, and burnishing. Figures and tables illustrate concepts like surface layer structure, surface roughness parameters, coefficient of friction for different processes, and wear modeling.
This document discusses mechanical properties of materials and manufacturing processes. It covers topics like types of strain, tensile testing, true stress-strain curves, strain hardening, and effects of temperature and strain rate on properties. Figures and tables show stress-strain behaviors of various materials and typical strain rates for different metalworking processes like forging, rolling, and machining.
This document discusses machining processes and metal cutting. It begins with an overview of common machining processes like turning and milling. It then covers topics such as orthogonal cutting, chip formation, different chip types, cutting forces, temperatures in cutting, tool geometry and wear. Diagrams illustrate cutting tool geometry, forces acting on tools, chip formation mechanisms, and experimental data on cutting parameters for different materials. The document provides information on machining processes and metal cutting for engineering materials.
IRJET- Selection for Better and Increased Tool Life by the Use of HSS Cutting...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the optimal cutting parameters for maximum tool life when machining mild steel and aluminum with HSS cutting tools under dry conditions. Experiments were conducted using different spindle speeds, cutting speeds, and feed rates to determine their effects on depth of cut and tool life. Results showed that higher spindle speeds and feeds decreased tool life for both materials. Mild steel provided longer tool life than aluminum. The study aimed to identify cutting conditions for improved tool life by selecting appropriate workpiece and cutting tool materials along with suitable feed rates and lower cutting speeds.
IRJET-Surface Roughness Modeling of Titanium Alloy GrindingIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on modeling surface roughness in the grinding of titanium alloy. It aims to develop a predictive surface roughness model that relates surface roughness values to process variables like speed and depth of cut. An analytical model is developed considering factors like elastic deflections, plowing effects, and thermal effects. MATLAB simulations are also used to model the grinding wheel profile and ground surface to directly predict surface roughness. Experimental grinding tests will be conducted to validate the results from the analytical model and simulations.
Modeling and Optimization of Surface roughness and Machining Induced Vibratio...theijes
This paper presents the machining induced vibration and surface roughness modeled, predicted and optimized as functions of the cutting tool overhang, feed rate and cutting speed during hard and high speed turning of 41Cr4 alloy structural steel on an engine lathe machine with a carbide tool. The response surface methodology, based on central composite design of experiment was adopted, and analysis facilitated by using the Design Expert 9 software to generate and validate the models, predict the effect of the process variables on the response variables as well as obtain the optimum setting of the process variables that would minimize the response variables. Quadratic regression models were suggested as best fit for the measured machining induced vibration and surface roughness data. All the model terms of the machining induced vibration are significant with exception of the square term of the tool overhang. Whereas, all those of the surface roughness are significant with exception of the linear term of the tool overhang. The optimum setting of the cutting tool overhang at 57.8784 mm, feed rate at 0.15 mm/rev and the cutting speed at 328.507 rev/min minimized the machining induced vibration to a value of 0.18 mm/s2 , and the surface roughness to a value of 4.399 µmm with desirability of 0.822. Within the selected experimental design limits, the obtained response surface models can be used to accurately predict and optimize the machining induced vibration and surface roughness as functions of the tool overhang, feed rate and cutting speed during hard turning of 41Cr4 alloy structural steel.
The document discusses using computer simulation software to analyze and reduce hot spots in castings of rear cross over FG260 solid disc brake components. Through multiple iterations of simulation using changes to the sprue height, the researchers were able to reduce the hot spot defect percentage from 32.9% down to 0.2%, improving the product yield. The study demonstrates how computer simulation can optimize gating system design to improve casting quality and productivity.
This document discusses a new approach to classifying and optimizing casting defects using MAGMA software. It presents a 3-step method: 1) Classifying defects based on appearance, size, location etc. to correctly identify them; 2) Analyzing defects using historical data, cause-effect diagrams and design of experiments; 3) Optimizing the casting process by simulating mold filling, solidification and cooling in MAGMA to predict defect locations and optimize casting conditions to reduce defects. The methodology is applied to an axle housing casting, developing a proposed gating system design in MAGMA to identify potential porosity spots and refine the design to minimize defects. This approach is estimated to reduce casting rejections from 60%
An Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Weldi...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 and brass IS319 using EN19 tools with circular and taper profiles. Friction stir welding is a solid-state joining process that generates heat through friction between the rotating tool and workpieces.
The experiment was conducted on a milling machine using EN19 tools with circular and taper profiles to weld aluminum and brass plates. The welded joints were tested for tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness. The taper profile tool achieved a tensile strength of 108.5 N/mm2, yield strength of 76.05 N/mm2, and Vickers hardness of 51.73 HV. The circular
Modeling and Machining of Sheet Metal Dies and Inspection Fixtures.IRJET Journal
This document discusses finite element analysis of sheet metal extrusion processes using non-linear converging die profiles. It presents the design of cosine die profiles for square-to-square extrusions with 30%, 60%, and 90% reductions. Finite element modeling was performed using DEFORM-3D software to analyze stresses, strains, velocities and temperatures during extrusion of aluminum 6062. The results show that extrusion load and pressure increase with higher reductions and are higher for aluminum than tellurium lead under the same conditions. A mathematically defined cosine function can be used to develop die profiles and achieve more gradual material flow during high reduction extrusions.
6. journal 2016 analysis of surface roughness in hard turningichsan_madya
This document analyzes the effect of process parameters on surface roughness during hard turning of oil hardening non-shrinking steel using wiper and conventional inserts. The most significant parameter affecting surface roughness was found to be feed rate, with higher feeds producing rougher surfaces. Wiper inserts produced a 30% improvement in surface roughness compared to conventional inserts. Depth of cut and type of insert were also statistically significant, while cutting speed and nose radius were not. Wiper inserts are able to produce a more uniform roughness profile compared to conventional inserts under the same cutting conditions.
Optimization of Cylindrical Grinding Process Parameters on C40E Steel Using T...IJERA Editor
Surface finish and dimensional accuracy play a vital role in the today’s engineering industry. There are several methods used to achieve good surface finish like burnishing, honing and lapping, and grinding. Grinding is one of these ways that improves the surface finish and dimensional accuracy simultaneously. C40E steel has good industrial application in manufacturing of shafts, axles, spindles, studs, etc. In the present work the cylindrical grinding of C40E steel is done for the optimization of grinding process parameters. During this experimental work input process parameters i.e. speed, feed, depth of cut is optimized using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) concluded that surface roughness is minimum at the 210 rpm, 0.11mm/rev feed, and 0.04mm depth of penetration.
Investigation of turning process to improve productivity mrr for better sur...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that investigated turning parameters to improve productivity (material removal rate or MRR) while achieving better surface finish when machining an aluminum alloy (Al-7075-T6). Taguchi methodology was used to optimize cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The analysis found that feed rate most significantly influenced surface roughness, while cutting speed most significantly affected MRR. The optimal parameters for high MRR with good surface finish were determined to be a cutting speed of 15.102 m/min, feed rate of 0.3207 mm/rev, and depth of cut of 0.5 mm.
This document summarizes a study that used casting simulation software to model and optimize the sand casting process for a steel flywheel. The researchers first modeled the flywheel component along with gating and risering systems. Simulation of the initial model revealed shrinkage defects. The model was modified by changing the ingate locations and adding risers, which directionally solidified the casting. The modified model was then simulated using ADSTEFAN software to analyze fluid flow, solidification patterns, and potential defects like shrinkage and porosity. The simulation results helped optimize the casting design to improve quality and yield.
Minimization of Shrinkage Porosity in A Sand Casting Process By Simulation I...IJMER
There is an increasing demand in manufacturing environment for the best quality of casting
products at the right time and quantity. In order to survive in the competitive market and to achieve
customer satisfaction trial-and-error method to produce defect free casting products from design to
manufacturing is too costly and not effective [1]. Modernization is the only key to improve casting quality
and productivity. This paper discusses the simulation process of casting solidification with the AutoCAST-X
software of a intricate shape small size casting of LM6 (Al alloy) metal. With the help of simulation study
hot spot in the casting has been identified. This has immensely helped in locating the optimum position and
size of the feeder required. This paper also shows the application of feeding aids as exothermic sleeve. The
simulation study has shown the improvement in feeding yield and quality of the casting.
Manufacturing Processes(Sheet Metal Forming.ppt)sadanand50
This document discusses various sheet metal forming processes including shearing, bending, deep drawing, and spinning. It provides examples of common sheet metal parts and describes key operations like punching, blanking, and fine blanking. Important considerations for sheet metal formability are outlined, such as material properties and tests. The document also covers design factors for efficient sheet metal forming and examples of equipment used.
Image segmentation, Rough set Theory, Game Theory, Image processingijsrd.com
Valve is most common part for every Fluid handling industry. Production of cast Valve is critical because, in today's competitive world customer wants fast and accurate Component. Computer simulation tools are used to reduce a time for development of a component. Simulation software is mainly used to visualize a complete process of solidification, which is not possible in real casting process. Defects such as shrinkage porosity, gas porosity, unfilled mould, cold shut etc. can also graphically observe with simulation. Initially CAD model of impeller has been prepared, then export for simulation. Many researchers reported that about 90% of the defects in castings are due to wrong design of gating system and only 10% due to manufacturing problems. Casting simulation process can able to solve these problems. To study the solidification behavior and detection of hot spots in castings with the help of casting simulation software. The simulated results also compared with the experimental works.
Effect of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welded Joint for Similar Alumin...IJERA Editor
This document discusses optimizing the process parameters for friction stir welding (FSW) of similar aluminum alloy H30. Experiments were conducted using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array with rotational speed, travel speed, and axial force as parameters. Tensile tests found strengths ranged from 32-80 MPa. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratios identified axial force as the most significant parameter, with a strength-optimized level of 6000N. Rotational speed of 1600 RPM and travel speed of 20 mm/min also improved strength. The study aims to determine optimum parameters for high strength FSW joints of aluminum alloy H30.
Warpage simulation of manhole cover using auto cast x softwareLaukik Raut
Designing an appropriate gating/risering system, some defects can be minimized such as cracks, distortion, shrinkage
porosity, warpage, sink, and shrinkage cavity by simulating the directional solidification using casting software. In this study, the
component from industry i.e. manhole cover is leading to premature failure of warpage or distortion. Hence, there is requirement
of optimizing the appropriate gating/risering system. In this paper, the actual gating/risering system is simulated to minimize the
warpage defect occurring in the industry while manufacturing. Hence, the simulation for optimizing better gating/risering system
is done by using AutoCAST-X software which is based on Vector Gradient Method (VGM) for defect minimization
Ch1 introduction Erdi Karaçal Mechanical Engineer University of GaziantepErdi Karaçal
Manufacturing involves applying physical or chemical processes to alter the form of materials. It can be defined technologically as altering geometry, properties, or appearance of a starting material. Economically, it is transforming materials into items of greater value through processing or assembly. Common production types include continuous, mass/flowline, batch, and one-off. The document discusses various manufacturing processes, production systems, and layouts. It provides an overview of key concepts in manufacturing and production.
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRUSION PROCESS USING HYPERWORKSijsrd.com
Minimizing the amount of scrap generated in an aluminum extrusion process. An optimizing method is constructed based on Simulation Analysis approach. In present thesis the Simulation approach is presented to optimize the amount of Scrap generated during Aluminum extrusion process. The model applied to real data obtained from an existing extrusion factory. Results from using the suggested model provided substantial reductions in the amount of scrap generated. Using sound simulation analysis approaches contribute significantly in reducing waste and savings when compared to the existing nonscientific techniques.
Design of ‘plastic injection mold’ for an ‘air vent bezel’ through flow analy...eSAT Journals
Abstract Designer's of plastic injection Molds need to study from this point of view, the type of Mold to be designed, the physical Mold orientation, the dimensions for each of the element in the Mold, the location of the gate, runner, requirement of insert, draft angle requirement, shrinkage factor, location of cooling channels. Design can also be simplified by using standardized parts of the mold such as ejector pins. By eliminating the obstruction to smooth flow of plastic a good of quality component can be achieved. The effort of this thesis work is to find out the nuances in the Plastic Injection Mold Design while borrowing the inputs from the Flow Analysis (CAE) conducted for the 'Air vent bezel' to study the behavior of the Melt during flow. The Mold Design would incorporate suitable checking to ensure the best quality product in terms of `defect-free’ output. This thesis work consist methodology of plastic injection molding process, material requirement, how to overcome weld mark, shrinkage etc to satisfactorily assemble the component. Keywords: Draft angle, Shrinkage, CAE, weld mark
This document discusses surface engineering and manufacturing processes. It covers topics such as surface structure, surface finish terminology, surface roughness measurement, adhesion, friction, lubrication, wear mechanisms like abrasive and adhesive wear, thermal spraying, vapor deposition, electroplating, and burnishing. Figures and tables illustrate concepts like surface layer structure, surface roughness parameters, coefficient of friction for different processes, and wear modeling.
This document discusses mechanical properties of materials and manufacturing processes. It covers topics like types of strain, tensile testing, true stress-strain curves, strain hardening, and effects of temperature and strain rate on properties. Figures and tables show stress-strain behaviors of various materials and typical strain rates for different metalworking processes like forging, rolling, and machining.
This document discusses machining processes and metal cutting. It begins with an overview of common machining processes like turning and milling. It then covers topics such as orthogonal cutting, chip formation, different chip types, cutting forces, temperatures in cutting, tool geometry and wear. Diagrams illustrate cutting tool geometry, forces acting on tools, chip formation mechanisms, and experimental data on cutting parameters for different materials. The document provides information on machining processes and metal cutting for engineering materials.
IRJET- Selection for Better and Increased Tool Life by the Use of HSS Cutting...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the optimal cutting parameters for maximum tool life when machining mild steel and aluminum with HSS cutting tools under dry conditions. Experiments were conducted using different spindle speeds, cutting speeds, and feed rates to determine their effects on depth of cut and tool life. Results showed that higher spindle speeds and feeds decreased tool life for both materials. Mild steel provided longer tool life than aluminum. The study aimed to identify cutting conditions for improved tool life by selecting appropriate workpiece and cutting tool materials along with suitable feed rates and lower cutting speeds.
IRJET-Surface Roughness Modeling of Titanium Alloy GrindingIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on modeling surface roughness in the grinding of titanium alloy. It aims to develop a predictive surface roughness model that relates surface roughness values to process variables like speed and depth of cut. An analytical model is developed considering factors like elastic deflections, plowing effects, and thermal effects. MATLAB simulations are also used to model the grinding wheel profile and ground surface to directly predict surface roughness. Experimental grinding tests will be conducted to validate the results from the analytical model and simulations.
Modeling and Optimization of Surface roughness and Machining Induced Vibratio...theijes
This paper presents the machining induced vibration and surface roughness modeled, predicted and optimized as functions of the cutting tool overhang, feed rate and cutting speed during hard and high speed turning of 41Cr4 alloy structural steel on an engine lathe machine with a carbide tool. The response surface methodology, based on central composite design of experiment was adopted, and analysis facilitated by using the Design Expert 9 software to generate and validate the models, predict the effect of the process variables on the response variables as well as obtain the optimum setting of the process variables that would minimize the response variables. Quadratic regression models were suggested as best fit for the measured machining induced vibration and surface roughness data. All the model terms of the machining induced vibration are significant with exception of the square term of the tool overhang. Whereas, all those of the surface roughness are significant with exception of the linear term of the tool overhang. The optimum setting of the cutting tool overhang at 57.8784 mm, feed rate at 0.15 mm/rev and the cutting speed at 328.507 rev/min minimized the machining induced vibration to a value of 0.18 mm/s2 , and the surface roughness to a value of 4.399 µmm with desirability of 0.822. Within the selected experimental design limits, the obtained response surface models can be used to accurately predict and optimize the machining induced vibration and surface roughness as functions of the tool overhang, feed rate and cutting speed during hard turning of 41Cr4 alloy structural steel.
The document discusses using computer simulation software to analyze and reduce hot spots in castings of rear cross over FG260 solid disc brake components. Through multiple iterations of simulation using changes to the sprue height, the researchers were able to reduce the hot spot defect percentage from 32.9% down to 0.2%, improving the product yield. The study demonstrates how computer simulation can optimize gating system design to improve casting quality and productivity.
This document discusses a new approach to classifying and optimizing casting defects using MAGMA software. It presents a 3-step method: 1) Classifying defects based on appearance, size, location etc. to correctly identify them; 2) Analyzing defects using historical data, cause-effect diagrams and design of experiments; 3) Optimizing the casting process by simulating mold filling, solidification and cooling in MAGMA to predict defect locations and optimize casting conditions to reduce defects. The methodology is applied to an axle housing casting, developing a proposed gating system design in MAGMA to identify potential porosity spots and refine the design to minimize defects. This approach is estimated to reduce casting rejections from 60%
An Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Weldi...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 and brass IS319 using EN19 tools with circular and taper profiles. Friction stir welding is a solid-state joining process that generates heat through friction between the rotating tool and workpieces.
The experiment was conducted on a milling machine using EN19 tools with circular and taper profiles to weld aluminum and brass plates. The welded joints were tested for tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness. The taper profile tool achieved a tensile strength of 108.5 N/mm2, yield strength of 76.05 N/mm2, and Vickers hardness of 51.73 HV. The circular
Modeling and Machining of Sheet Metal Dies and Inspection Fixtures.IRJET Journal
This document discusses finite element analysis of sheet metal extrusion processes using non-linear converging die profiles. It presents the design of cosine die profiles for square-to-square extrusions with 30%, 60%, and 90% reductions. Finite element modeling was performed using DEFORM-3D software to analyze stresses, strains, velocities and temperatures during extrusion of aluminum 6062. The results show that extrusion load and pressure increase with higher reductions and are higher for aluminum than tellurium lead under the same conditions. A mathematically defined cosine function can be used to develop die profiles and achieve more gradual material flow during high reduction extrusions.
6. journal 2016 analysis of surface roughness in hard turningichsan_madya
This document analyzes the effect of process parameters on surface roughness during hard turning of oil hardening non-shrinking steel using wiper and conventional inserts. The most significant parameter affecting surface roughness was found to be feed rate, with higher feeds producing rougher surfaces. Wiper inserts produced a 30% improvement in surface roughness compared to conventional inserts. Depth of cut and type of insert were also statistically significant, while cutting speed and nose radius were not. Wiper inserts are able to produce a more uniform roughness profile compared to conventional inserts under the same cutting conditions.
Optimization of Cylindrical Grinding Process Parameters on C40E Steel Using T...IJERA Editor
Surface finish and dimensional accuracy play a vital role in the today’s engineering industry. There are several methods used to achieve good surface finish like burnishing, honing and lapping, and grinding. Grinding is one of these ways that improves the surface finish and dimensional accuracy simultaneously. C40E steel has good industrial application in manufacturing of shafts, axles, spindles, studs, etc. In the present work the cylindrical grinding of C40E steel is done for the optimization of grinding process parameters. During this experimental work input process parameters i.e. speed, feed, depth of cut is optimized using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) concluded that surface roughness is minimum at the 210 rpm, 0.11mm/rev feed, and 0.04mm depth of penetration.
Investigation of turning process to improve productivity mrr for better sur...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that investigated turning parameters to improve productivity (material removal rate or MRR) while achieving better surface finish when machining an aluminum alloy (Al-7075-T6). Taguchi methodology was used to optimize cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The analysis found that feed rate most significantly influenced surface roughness, while cutting speed most significantly affected MRR. The optimal parameters for high MRR with good surface finish were determined to be a cutting speed of 15.102 m/min, feed rate of 0.3207 mm/rev, and depth of cut of 0.5 mm.
This document summarizes a study that used casting simulation software to model and optimize the sand casting process for a steel flywheel. The researchers first modeled the flywheel component along with gating and risering systems. Simulation of the initial model revealed shrinkage defects. The model was modified by changing the ingate locations and adding risers, which directionally solidified the casting. The modified model was then simulated using ADSTEFAN software to analyze fluid flow, solidification patterns, and potential defects like shrinkage and porosity. The simulation results helped optimize the casting design to improve quality and yield.
Minimization of Shrinkage Porosity in A Sand Casting Process By Simulation I...IJMER
There is an increasing demand in manufacturing environment for the best quality of casting
products at the right time and quantity. In order to survive in the competitive market and to achieve
customer satisfaction trial-and-error method to produce defect free casting products from design to
manufacturing is too costly and not effective [1]. Modernization is the only key to improve casting quality
and productivity. This paper discusses the simulation process of casting solidification with the AutoCAST-X
software of a intricate shape small size casting of LM6 (Al alloy) metal. With the help of simulation study
hot spot in the casting has been identified. This has immensely helped in locating the optimum position and
size of the feeder required. This paper also shows the application of feeding aids as exothermic sleeve. The
simulation study has shown the improvement in feeding yield and quality of the casting.
Manufacturing Processes(Sheet Metal Forming.ppt)sadanand50
This document discusses various sheet metal forming processes including shearing, bending, deep drawing, and spinning. It provides examples of common sheet metal parts and describes key operations like punching, blanking, and fine blanking. Important considerations for sheet metal formability are outlined, such as material properties and tests. The document also covers design factors for efficient sheet metal forming and examples of equipment used.
Image segmentation, Rough set Theory, Game Theory, Image processingijsrd.com
Valve is most common part for every Fluid handling industry. Production of cast Valve is critical because, in today's competitive world customer wants fast and accurate Component. Computer simulation tools are used to reduce a time for development of a component. Simulation software is mainly used to visualize a complete process of solidification, which is not possible in real casting process. Defects such as shrinkage porosity, gas porosity, unfilled mould, cold shut etc. can also graphically observe with simulation. Initially CAD model of impeller has been prepared, then export for simulation. Many researchers reported that about 90% of the defects in castings are due to wrong design of gating system and only 10% due to manufacturing problems. Casting simulation process can able to solve these problems. To study the solidification behavior and detection of hot spots in castings with the help of casting simulation software. The simulated results also compared with the experimental works.
Design and Analysis of Crane Hook with Different MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of crane hooks made from different materials to minimize failure. Crane hooks are commonly used to lift heavy loads but are prone to failure from stresses. The authors used CAD software to model a crane hook and FEA software to analyze stresses. They modeled hooks made from high strength low alloy steel, structural steel, and ASTM Grade 60 cast iron. Stress calculations were performed analytically and through FEA. Results showed the high strength low alloy steel hook had the lowest equivalent stress and highest factor of safety, indicating it is least likely to fail under load compared to the other materials.
The document discusses the design of a forging die for a planetary gear blank. It begins with an introduction to forging as a metalworking process and advantages it provides over other manufacturing methods. It then outlines the objectives and methodology for the die design project. The methodology involves designing the final gear part geometry, determining stock size requirements, and designing the forging die. Key die design considerations discussed include parting line selection, drafting angles, fillet and corner radii, flash and gutter design, and shrinkage allowance. The document concludes with CAD drawings of the designed forging die.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
We would send hard copy of Journal by speed post to the address of correspondence author after online publication of paper.
We will dispatched hard copy to the author within 7 days of date of publication
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Optimization of snap design parameters to avoid bursting and ring formation o...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology that discusses optimizing snap design parameters to avoid rivet bursting and ring formation during the riveting process. The riveting process uses a snap tool to deform a rivet and join metal sheets. Old snap designs sometimes caused bursting of the rivet from excessive material deposition in the center or ring formation from insufficient material deposition. The authors analyze rivet and machine constraints to determine the optimal snap diameter, curvature radius, and depth needed to avoid these defects based on the rivet material and size. Mathematical equations are provided to calculate stress on the rivet and check the rivet volume using triple integration in spherical coordinates.
IRJET- Quality Improvement in Cover Support Casting using Auto-CAST SoftwareIRJET Journal
This document discusses quality improvement in cover support casting using Auto-CAST simulation software. It begins with an introduction to casting defects caused by improper gating system design and discusses how simulation software can be used to detect defects. It then describes the steps taken to simulate a cover support casting part using Auto-CAST software. This included importing the 3D CAD model, modifying the gating system design based on simulation results, and evaluating the simulation output to identify shrinkage defects. The optimized gating system improved the casting yield from 70.56% to 71.0% while reducing defects like shrinkage and cracks. In conclusion, gating system optimization through simulation helps minimize defects and improve casting yields.
The document discusses quality improvement in cover support casting using Auto-CAST simulation software. It begins with an introduction to casting defects caused by improper gating system design and discusses how simulation software can help identify hot spots and optimize the gating system. It then details the steps taken to simulate a cover support casting part using Auto-CAST software. This included importing the 3D CAD model, modifying the gating system based on simulation results, and identifying shrinkage defects. The optimized gating system improved the casting yield from 70.56% to 71.0% while reducing defects like shrinkage and cracks. In conclusion, gating system optimization through simulation helps minimize defects and improve casting yields.
Development of Customized Software for Designing Gating System of Compressor ...ijiert bestjournal
An important factor for obtaining defect free pressure die cast parts is good design of the gating system.
Gating system is a path of flow of molten alloy during filling of casting. In this project a systematic
approach has been developed to design gating system for pressure die casting die. This involved
studying current design practices in the industry and translating this into a knowledge base of rules for
machine selection, design of gate, gate runner, runner, and overflows. The entire approach has been
implemented in a window based program using visual C#. It has been successfully tested on industrial
case study. It is perhaps the first attempt of its kind in the area of pressure die casting die design, and is
expected to be of significant interest and value to the industry.
IRJET- Solidification Simulation of the Casting to Predict and Eliminate ...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses using casting simulation software to optimize a riser design and eliminate shrinkage defects in a casting.
2) An initial simulation of the casting part without risers showed shrinkage defects. Modifications to the riser design, including increasing the number and moving the location of risers further from the casting, resulted in directional solidification and the elimination of shrinkage defects in the casting part.
3) Casting simulation allows redesigning riser systems virtually to improve yield and reduce defects without physical trial and error.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AXIAL CROSSING OF WORK ROLLS IN ROLLING MILL WORK ROLL...IAEME Publication
Rolling Mill is one of the machine for rolling steel or other metal into sheets. For reliable and efficient working of rolling mill it is necessary that all the components used in rolling mill should work properly without fail. Work roll assembly is very important part of the rolling mill. It has been observed that In hot rolling mill during the metal rolling at finishing mill (4-Hi mill Reversible) , work roll pair come out due to the axial crossing of work rolls and due to which uneven thickness of metal, strip breakage, bending of locking plate, metal shifting and equipment breakdown occurs. After the Study it has been observed that wear of the work roll liner is one of the reasons for the axial crossing of the work rolls.
IRJET- Development of Mathematical Models to Predict Weld Bead Geometry of Bu...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that developed mathematical models to predict the weld bead geometry (penetration, width, and height) of butt welded high-strength low-alloy steel plates using submerged arc welding. Face-centered central composite design was used to construct response surface models based on welding parameters including voltage, wire feed rate, and trolley speed. The models found that wire feed rate had the strongest influence on the responses. Experiments were conducted according to the design and responses were recorded and used to develop regression equations to model each geometric parameter in terms of the input factors. The models were found to adequately explain the variations in the results.
the theoretical and experimental results of the research project have shown that the initiation of internal cracks and high cycle fatigue of case hardened gears not only depends on the residual stress condition or the presence of inclusions. It seems rather to be an interaction of state of load stress, state of residual compressive stress and critical inclusions in the material
Design and Stress Analysis of High Pressure AccumulatorIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and stress analysis of a high pressure accumulator. It begins with an introduction to accumulators and their uses in hydraulic systems. It then describes the motivation and methodology for designing a 250 bar accumulator to be used in a descaling system at a steel plant. Calculations are shown for determining the total volume, longitudinal stress, and hoop stress of the accumulator for various wall thicknesses. A Solidworks model of the accumulator is created and meshed for analysis. Results of the stress, strain, and displacement under 250 bars of pressure are presented for wall thicknesses of 20mm, 30mm, 35mm, and 55mm. The stresses determined from the analysis are then compared to the theoretical calculations.
A Study of Process Parameters of wear Characteristics of AISID2 SteelIRJET Journal
This study examined the effect of process parameters on the wear characteristics of AISI D2 steel used in stamping dies. Experiments were conducted to test the wear of D2 steel pins rubbing against aluminum alloy disks. A 2-level factorial design varied the normal load, sliding speed, and sliding time. The weight loss of pins was measured before and after each test to determine the wear volume. Statistical analysis found the load, speed, time, and their interactions significantly affected the wear. Contour plots and surface graphs showed the relationships between the parameters and wear. The developed model can predict wear volume and help optimize the parameters to minimize tool wear.
IRJET - Mathematical Analysis of Angular Distortion on GTA Welded Hot Rolled ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study analyzing the angular distortion that occurs during gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) of hot rolled E250 grade low carbon steel plates. Experiments were conducted varying welding current, speed, and torch angle according to a full factorial design. Angular distortion measurements were obtained and used to develop a mathematical model relating distortion to the input parameters. The model was evaluated using ANOVA to check its adequacy in predicting angular distortion for this welding process and material.
The document describes the development of a small injection moulding machine for forming small plastic articles for small-scale industries. Key points:
- The machine was designed and constructed to produce small plastic components like key holders and bottle caps. Design concepts, operation, and assembly of component parts are described.
- Calculations were performed to determine the diameter of the injection plunger, number of teeth for gears, motor specifications, and leverage on the handle.
- The machine parts were assembled according to the design. The constructed machine was then tested using high density polyethylene and produced satisfactory results.
Similar to IRJET-Gating and Feeder Design of Aluminium Alloy (6061 T6) Casting for Circular Component (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.