This document summarizes an experimental study that used Taguchi methods to optimize process parameters for friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA6061-T6 and AA6951-T6. The researchers conducted experiments using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to examine the effects of rotational speed, welding speed, and tool tilt angle on the tensile strength of the welded joints. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratios were used to analyze the results and identify the optimal levels for each parameter to maximize tensile strength. The researchers found that rotational speed had the greatest influence on tensile strength, followed by welding speed, with tool tilt angle having the smallest effect.
An Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Weldi...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 and brass IS319 using EN19 tools with circular and taper profiles. Friction stir welding is a solid-state joining process that generates heat through friction between the rotating tool and workpieces.
The experiment was conducted on a milling machine using EN19 tools with circular and taper profiles to weld aluminum and brass plates. The welded joints were tested for tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness. The taper profile tool achieved a tensile strength of 108.5 N/mm2, yield strength of 76.05 N/mm2, and Vickers hardness of 51.73 HV. The circular
Design and Experimental study of Friction stir welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy for...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and experimental study of friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy. The goal is to optimize welding parameters using a lathe machine. FSW is a solid-state welding process that joins metals without melting. The tool geometry and process parameters significantly impact weld quality. Experiments were conducted using different tool profiles and transverse speeds on AA6061 aluminum alloy plates of varying thickness on a lathe machine. Numerical simulations were also performed to model the thermal and mechanical effects of FSW. The simulations showed temperature distributions and deformation patterns during welding. Overall, the study aimed to understand how tool design and process parameters affect the mechanical properties and quality of FSW aluminum welds.
Optimization of FSW Process Parameter to Achieve Maximum Tensile Strength of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment that aimed to optimize friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters to achieve maximum tensile strength in aluminum alloy AA6061 welds. The researchers conducted experiments using different tool rotation speeds, tool travel speeds, and tool tilt angles as welding parameters based on a Taguchi experimental design. Tensile tests on the welded specimens showed that ultimate tensile strength was highest at 2000 rpm, 1500 mm/min travel speed, and 0 degree tilt angle. Analysis of variance was used to determine the relative importance of each parameter, finding that tool rotational speed had the greatest influence on tensile strength.
Optimisation of Process parameter for Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium allo...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates the tensile properties of friction stir welding (FSW) butt joints of aluminum alloys. Three process parameters - spindle speed, welding speed, and plunge depth - were optimized using Taguchi design of experiments. Aluminum alloy 1100 plates were welded using a cylindrical pin tool. Tensile tests were conducted and analyzed using signal-to-noise ratios to determine the optimal parameter levels that yielded maximum tensile strength. The results found that axial force was the most influential parameter, followed by spindle speed and welding speed. The optimum combination was a spindle speed of 1100 rpm, welding speed of 75mm/min, and axial force of 126.09.
IRJET - Mechanical and Wear Properties of Friction Stir Welding of Alumin...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on friction stir welding of aluminum alloys. It discusses how friction stir welding was used to join aluminum alloy plates using varying process parameters like rotational speed and transverse speed. Mechanical properties of the welded joints like tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength were evaluated. Microstructure of the joints was analyzed with microscopes. Wear properties were also assessed. The optimal welding parameters were determined to be a tapered cylindrical tool at 560 rpm, which produced joints with the highest tensile strength and lowest defects.
Experimental Investigation for Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy Al 60...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum alloy Al 6061 joints considering different friction stir welding parameters. Specifically, it examines the effects of tool shape (taper or threaded), welding speed, and feed rate on the tensile strength, impact toughness, and microhardness of the welded joints. Experiments were conducted according to a Taguchi L8 orthogonal array design of experiments. Results indicated that welding speed had the greatest influence on tensile strength, feed rate most influenced impact toughness and microhardness, and the optimal parameters were a taper tool, 600 RPM welding speed, and 40 mm/min feed rate. These parameters produced joints with maximum mechanical property strengths.
Friction Stir Welding of Similar Metals by Taguchi Optimization Technique -A ...IJAEMSJORNAL
In order to meet the global competition and the survival of products in the market a new way of thinking is necessary to change and improve the existing technology and to develop products at economical price.This paper discusses use taguchi experiment design technique for maximizing tensile strength of friction stir welding AA6061 and AA6061. In friction stir welding, the joints are formed in the solid state by utilizing the heat generated by friction. The objectives of this study are obtaining friction weld element of aluminium 6061 to aluminium 6061 and optimising the friction stir welding parameters in order to establish the weld quality. Effect of tensile strength of friction stir welding process parameter (Rotational speed, travel speed, axial force and tilt angle) is evaluated and optimum welding condition for maximum tensile strength is determined.
IRJET- Prediction of Angular Distortion in TIG Welded Stainless Steel 202 She...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that developed a mathematical model to predict angular distortion in TIG welded stainless steel 202 sheets. The study investigated the effects of welding current, welding speed, and torch angle on angular distortion. Experiments were conducted according to a central composite design and used to develop a regression model relating the input parameters to angular distortion. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found the model to be significant and adequate. The developed model can predict angular distortion within the range of input parameters and help minimize distortion in automated welding applications. Graphs show relationships between each input parameter and angular distortion.
An Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Weldi...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 and brass IS319 using EN19 tools with circular and taper profiles. Friction stir welding is a solid-state joining process that generates heat through friction between the rotating tool and workpieces.
The experiment was conducted on a milling machine using EN19 tools with circular and taper profiles to weld aluminum and brass plates. The welded joints were tested for tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness. The taper profile tool achieved a tensile strength of 108.5 N/mm2, yield strength of 76.05 N/mm2, and Vickers hardness of 51.73 HV. The circular
Design and Experimental study of Friction stir welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy for...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and experimental study of friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy. The goal is to optimize welding parameters using a lathe machine. FSW is a solid-state welding process that joins metals without melting. The tool geometry and process parameters significantly impact weld quality. Experiments were conducted using different tool profiles and transverse speeds on AA6061 aluminum alloy plates of varying thickness on a lathe machine. Numerical simulations were also performed to model the thermal and mechanical effects of FSW. The simulations showed temperature distributions and deformation patterns during welding. Overall, the study aimed to understand how tool design and process parameters affect the mechanical properties and quality of FSW aluminum welds.
Optimization of FSW Process Parameter to Achieve Maximum Tensile Strength of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment that aimed to optimize friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters to achieve maximum tensile strength in aluminum alloy AA6061 welds. The researchers conducted experiments using different tool rotation speeds, tool travel speeds, and tool tilt angles as welding parameters based on a Taguchi experimental design. Tensile tests on the welded specimens showed that ultimate tensile strength was highest at 2000 rpm, 1500 mm/min travel speed, and 0 degree tilt angle. Analysis of variance was used to determine the relative importance of each parameter, finding that tool rotational speed had the greatest influence on tensile strength.
Optimisation of Process parameter for Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium allo...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates the tensile properties of friction stir welding (FSW) butt joints of aluminum alloys. Three process parameters - spindle speed, welding speed, and plunge depth - were optimized using Taguchi design of experiments. Aluminum alloy 1100 plates were welded using a cylindrical pin tool. Tensile tests were conducted and analyzed using signal-to-noise ratios to determine the optimal parameter levels that yielded maximum tensile strength. The results found that axial force was the most influential parameter, followed by spindle speed and welding speed. The optimum combination was a spindle speed of 1100 rpm, welding speed of 75mm/min, and axial force of 126.09.
IRJET - Mechanical and Wear Properties of Friction Stir Welding of Alumin...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on friction stir welding of aluminum alloys. It discusses how friction stir welding was used to join aluminum alloy plates using varying process parameters like rotational speed and transverse speed. Mechanical properties of the welded joints like tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength were evaluated. Microstructure of the joints was analyzed with microscopes. Wear properties were also assessed. The optimal welding parameters were determined to be a tapered cylindrical tool at 560 rpm, which produced joints with the highest tensile strength and lowest defects.
Experimental Investigation for Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy Al 60...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum alloy Al 6061 joints considering different friction stir welding parameters. Specifically, it examines the effects of tool shape (taper or threaded), welding speed, and feed rate on the tensile strength, impact toughness, and microhardness of the welded joints. Experiments were conducted according to a Taguchi L8 orthogonal array design of experiments. Results indicated that welding speed had the greatest influence on tensile strength, feed rate most influenced impact toughness and microhardness, and the optimal parameters were a taper tool, 600 RPM welding speed, and 40 mm/min feed rate. These parameters produced joints with maximum mechanical property strengths.
Friction Stir Welding of Similar Metals by Taguchi Optimization Technique -A ...IJAEMSJORNAL
In order to meet the global competition and the survival of products in the market a new way of thinking is necessary to change and improve the existing technology and to develop products at economical price.This paper discusses use taguchi experiment design technique for maximizing tensile strength of friction stir welding AA6061 and AA6061. In friction stir welding, the joints are formed in the solid state by utilizing the heat generated by friction. The objectives of this study are obtaining friction weld element of aluminium 6061 to aluminium 6061 and optimising the friction stir welding parameters in order to establish the weld quality. Effect of tensile strength of friction stir welding process parameter (Rotational speed, travel speed, axial force and tilt angle) is evaluated and optimum welding condition for maximum tensile strength is determined.
IRJET- Prediction of Angular Distortion in TIG Welded Stainless Steel 202 She...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that developed a mathematical model to predict angular distortion in TIG welded stainless steel 202 sheets. The study investigated the effects of welding current, welding speed, and torch angle on angular distortion. Experiments were conducted according to a central composite design and used to develop a regression model relating the input parameters to angular distortion. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found the model to be significant and adequate. The developed model can predict angular distortion within the range of input parameters and help minimize distortion in automated welding applications. Graphs show relationships between each input parameter and angular distortion.
Effect of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welded Joint for Similar Alumin...IJERA Editor
This document discusses optimizing the process parameters for friction stir welding (FSW) of similar aluminum alloy H30. Experiments were conducted using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array with rotational speed, travel speed, and axial force as parameters. Tensile tests found strengths ranged from 32-80 MPa. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratios identified axial force as the most significant parameter, with a strength-optimized level of 6000N. Rotational speed of 1600 RPM and travel speed of 20 mm/min also improved strength. The study aims to determine optimum parameters for high strength FSW joints of aluminum alloy H30.
A Novel Method for Joining of Aluminium Alloy AA6061 Plates by Friction Stir ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a novel method for joining aluminum alloy AA6061 plates using friction stir welding on a vertical milling machine. Tools made from high speed steel H13 were used to friction stir weld the aluminum plates in a butt configuration fixture. The welds were analyzed using SEM and tensile testing. Microstructure images showed a fine grain structure with minimal heat affected zone. Tensile testing revealed the welds had equivalent strength to the parent material. This innovative technique was able to successfully friction stir weld aluminum plates using a modified vertical milling machine.
IRJET- Prediction of Angular Distortion in GTA Welded Stainless Steel 304 Pla...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses predicting angular distortion in gas tungsten arc welded stainless steel 304 plates through mathematical modeling. Three input welding parameters - current, speed, and torch angle - were identified and their ranges determined.
2) Experiments were conducted according to a central composite face centered design of experiments to evaluate the effects of the parameters on angular distortion. Angular distortion was measured after welding 20 test plates based on the design.
3) The data is being used to develop a mathematical model for predicting angular distortion based on the input parameters. The model will be evaluated using ANOVA and response surface methodology for graphical analysis.
Optimization of resistance spot welding process parameters of AISI 304l and A...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research that optimized resistance spot welding process parameters for joining AISI 304L stainless steel and AISI 1020 carbon steel. The researchers investigated the effects of welding current, pressure, weld time, and hold time on tensile strength and nugget diameter using Taguchi methods. Analysis of variance found that welding current had the strongest influence on response variables. Optimization revealed that maximum tensile strength and minimum nugget diameter were achieved with a current of 10kA, pressure of 4 bars, weld time of 10 cycles, and hold time of 25 cycles. In conclusion, welding current was the most significant factor affecting joint quality.
Experimental Investigations of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) on Al 6061 : A Cas...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloy 6061. The study used a milling machine to conduct FSW trials with different tool pin profiles at various welding parameters. Initial trials failed due to tool breakage. Failure analysis found the main causes were tool material, rpm, and tool profile/vibrations. Modifying the tool to a tapered, threaded pin profile and increasing rpm to 1200 led to a successful weld with tensile strength of 66MPa, demonstrating FSW is possible on conventional machine tools. The study explored using FSW to join common aluminum alloys for applications like automotive and construction.
IRJET - Characteristics of Butt Joint Produced by Friction Stir Welding ProcessIRJET Journal
The document discusses characteristics of butt joints produced using friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys. It investigates the effects of various FSW process parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joints. Specifically, it examines rotational speed, transverse speed, and tool geometry. Joints of aluminum alloy AA5083 were welded and tested in tension, hardness, impact, and corrosion to analyze properties. The results showed that process parameters significantly affected the weld strength and microstructure. Defect-free joints with optimal mechanical properties could be produced using appropriate FSW conditions.
This document analyzes the influence of process parameters like tool speed, feed rate, and shoulder diameter on the mechanical properties of joints fabricated using friction stir welding of aluminum 6061 alloy. Experiments were conducted with tool rotational speeds of 1950, 3080, and 4600 rpm and different feed rates and shoulder diameters. The tensile strength was highest at a tool speed of 3080 rpm, feed rate of 20 mm/min, and shoulder diameter of 20 mm. The tensile strength was most influenced by the tool speed. Overall, the optimal parameters for maximum tensile strength identified were a tool speed of 3080 rpm, feed rate of 20 mm/min, and shoulder diameter of 20 mm.
Experimental and Fe Analysis of Eccentric Loaded Welded Joint StructureIJERA Editor
Arc welded structures are widely used in automobiles, constructions & power plants. As the main cause of weldment failure is design defect & overload, hence it is necessary to analyze the maximum stresses in the weldment. In this project experimentation is carried out on symmetrical and unsymmetrical eccentric loaded welded joint to determine the breaking stress in the weldment. The FE analysis & analytical estimation of breaking stress is also carried out to verify the experimental results. The stress distribution along weld size & throat thickness is evaluated and also compared with reported findings under same loading condition. Further eccentric loaded welded joint is analyzed under eccentric load by varying the gap between parent plates.
An Investigation on Effect of Welding Speed on Strength of Welded Joint using...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the effect of welding speed on the strength of welds using the TIG welding process. Specifically, it examines welding aluminum alloy AA6063 and AA5083 at various speeds ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 cm/sec. Tensile tests were performed on specimens welded at different speeds. The results showed that maximum tensile strength of 234 MPa was achieved at a welding speed of 0.6 cm/sec, while strength decreased at the highest speed of 1.2 cm/sec. In general, welding strength was lower than the base metal. The study aimed to determine the optimal welding speed to achieve high weld strength.
Finite element modeling and bending stress analysis of non standard spur geareSAT Journals
Abstract Gears are toothed wheels, transmitting power and motion from one shaft to another by means of successive engagement of teeth. Having a higher degree of reliability, compactness, high velocity ratio and finally able to transmit motion at a very low velocity, gears are gaining importance as the most efficient means for transmitting power. A gearing system is susceptible to problems such as interference, backlash and undercut. The contact portions of tooth profiles that are not conjugate is called interference. Furthermore due to interference and in the absence of undercut, the involute tip or face of the driven gear tends to dig out the non-involute flank of the driver. The response of a spur gear and its wear is an engineering problem that has not been completely overcome yet. With the perspective of overcoming such defects and for increase the efficiency of gearing system, the use of a non-standard spur gear i.e., an asymmetric spur gear having different pressure angles for drive and coast side of the tooth comes into picture. This paper emphasis on the generation of an asymmetric spur gear tooth using modeling software and bending stress at the root of Asymmetric spur gear tooth is estimated by finite element analysis using ANSYS software and results were compared with the standard spur gear tooth. Keywords: Asymmetric spur gear, Bending stress, Finite element method, Pressure angle
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
The document discusses using the Taguchi method to analyze the effects of welding parameters on weld bead geometry. An experiment was conducted using MIG welding of mild steel plates with varying thickness, voltage, gas flow rate, and travel speed. Macrostructural tests were performed to measure the weld bead penetration, width, and reinforcement height. The results showed that penetration increased with higher speed and flow rate up to optimal values, while width and height increased with higher flow rate but decreased with higher speed. Therefore, the welding parameters significantly influence the weld bead geometry characteristics.
This document compares surface roughness results from duplex turning and single tool turning experiments on AISI-1018 steel. Statistical analysis using SPSS software found that duplex turning produced lower surface roughness values than single tool turning. The coefficient of determination (R-squared) was higher for duplex turning (99.7%) than single turning (98.2%), indicating duplex turning better explained the variance in surface roughness. The adjusted R-squared value was also higher for duplex turning, further suggesting it more precisely models the relationship between cutting parameters and surface roughness. Interaction plots showed duplex turning also reduced interactions between feed and speed that were present with single tool turning.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology. The article investigates the friction welding parameters for joining copper alloy Cu Zn30. It aims to optimize the parameters of rotational speed, friction pressure, friction time, and forge pressure to achieve maximum tensile strength of the joint. Taguchi methods are used to design the experiment. The results found that friction time had the greatest influence on tensile strength, while for friction pressure and forge pressure also significantly impacted strength. Under optimal parameters of 1500 RPM, 5 seconds, 10 bar, and 20 bar, the joint achieved a tensile strength of 332.92 N/mm2. Regression and statistical analysis supported the parameter optimization results. Microstructure
A Review on Modification in Honing Machine Stone Feeding InstallationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review on modifications made to the stone feeding installation on a honing machine. Honing is used to finish bearing surfaces and requires tool wear compensation to maintain surface finish quality during mass production. The existing manual stone feeding system was replaced with an automated mechanism using a ball screw actuator and stepper motor. This reduced human errors from operators and increased the number of bearing rings that could be honed. The review covers literature on tool wear monitoring methods like ultrasonic testing and sensor fusion, as well as tool wear prediction modeling. It was concluded that the new automated stone feeding system achieved the objectives of compensating for tool wear and improving honing machine productivity.
Effect of process parameter on mechanical properties of friction stir welded ...IJARIIT
In this paper effect of process parameter on mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum alloy joints using
factorial design is calculated. In experimentation, Two Level of Factorial Design is found to be a more effective tool to
investigate the interaction effects of parameters on the required response. Various models have been proposed in this context
out of that 95% are at an adequate confidence level. In an analysis of stir welding, tensile strength is found to get an increase
with a decrease in rotational speed of tool while decreases with increase in the welding speed.At the low rotational speed of tool
high welding speed, there is a small increasing response to Tensile Strength. But at high rpm, and high welding speed, there is
a significant increase in Tensile Strength. At a low value of welding speed and high rotational speed, there is a sharp decrease
in Tensile Strength. At high welding speed, an increase in rpm, there is a little decrease in Tensile Strength. Prediction of the
Tensile Strength at any combination of the two parameters welding speed and rotational speed can be done. With increase
shoulder diameter, there is a decrease in Impact Strength. Impact Strength increases with the increase in tool rotational speed.
Investigation on Properties of Structural Steel Joints using Arc and MIG Weld...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the properties of structural steel joints welded using arc and MIG welding processes. Mild steel plates of varying thicknesses were welded using both processes. Samples from the welded joints underwent tensile testing, impact testing, hardness testing, and microscopic analysis to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties. The investigation found that MIG welding joints produced higher mechanical properties than arc welding joints when joining mild steel plates. V-shaped joints also performed better than square butt joints.
IRJET- Selection for Better and Increased Tool Life by the Use of HSS Cutting...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the optimal cutting parameters for maximum tool life when machining mild steel and aluminum with HSS cutting tools under dry conditions. Experiments were conducted using different spindle speeds, cutting speeds, and feed rates to determine their effects on depth of cut and tool life. Results showed that higher spindle speeds and feeds decreased tool life for both materials. Mild steel provided longer tool life than aluminum. The study aimed to identify cutting conditions for improved tool life by selecting appropriate workpiece and cutting tool materials along with suitable feed rates and lower cutting speeds.
Design and Analysis of Crane Hook with Different MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of crane hooks made from different materials to minimize failure. Crane hooks are commonly used to lift heavy loads but are prone to failure from stresses. The authors used CAD software to model a crane hook and FEA software to analyze stresses. They modeled hooks made from high strength low alloy steel, structural steel, and ASTM Grade 60 cast iron. Stress calculations were performed analytically and through FEA. Results showed the high strength low alloy steel hook had the lowest equivalent stress and highest factor of safety, indicating it is least likely to fail under load compared to the other materials.
A REVIEW ON OPTIMIZATION OF RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING OF ALUMINUM COMPONENTS US...AM Publications
Resistance Spot welding (RSW) is one of the common welding processes used for sheet joining especially in the automobile and aerospace industry. It is used in a wide range of industries but notably for the assembly of sheet steel vehicle bodies. This is a type of resistance welding where the spot welds are made at regular intervals on overlapping sheets of metal. Spot welding is primarily used for joining parts that are normally up to 3 mm in thickness. The joint quality can be defined in terms of properties such as weld-bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion.The objective of the research is to determine the optimum combination of parameters responsible for better quality of joints. The complicated behavior of the process must be analyzed to set the optimum parameters to get the optimum weld quality. The paper also presents the FEA simulation of the RSW process.
Experimental Analysis to Optimize the Process Parameter of Friction Stir Weld...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental analysis to optimize the process parameters of friction stir welding (FSW) for aluminum alloy AA6082. The researchers conducted FSW experiments using different combinations of tool rotation speed, tilt angle, and welding speed. Tensile strength results of the welded joints were analyzed using Taguchi methods and particle swarm optimization to determine the optimal parameter settings. Specifically, a central composite design was used with three factors at three levels each to evaluate the effects of the FSW parameters on tensile strength. The goal of the research was to develop relationships between FSW variables and tensile/yield strength and identify the best settings for maximizing strength in single and multi-pass welds of AA6082 aluminum alloy.
IRJET-Study of Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joint of Similar...IRJET Journal
This document discusses friction stir welding of similar aluminum alloy AL-2024-T3. It presents the friction stir welding process and examines the mechanical properties and microstructural developments of friction stir welded AL-2024 alloy joints. The study found that maximum tensile and compression strengths were achieved with a tool rotational speed of 1000 rpm and transverse speed of 40 mm/min, as this combination generated the most heat through friction. In general, decreasing the transverse speed while increasing rotational speed resulted in higher weld strengths, as it allowed more time for frictional heat generation.
Review on Effect of Process Parameters - Friction Stir Welding ProcessIRJET Journal
This document reviews the effect of process parameters, specifically tool rotation speed and welding speed, on the properties of friction stir welded joints. It summarizes findings from previous studies that have investigated how these parameters influence tensile strength, microstructure, and microhardness of welded aluminum alloys. The key findings are that increasing tool rotation speed generally leads to higher heat input which can improve tensile strength and ductility up to a point, but also promotes grain growth. Faster welding speeds decrease heat input and grain size. Overall, an optimal combination of tool rotation and welding speeds is needed to achieve desirable mechanical properties and microstructure in friction stir welded joints.
Effect of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welded Joint for Similar Alumin...IJERA Editor
This document discusses optimizing the process parameters for friction stir welding (FSW) of similar aluminum alloy H30. Experiments were conducted using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array with rotational speed, travel speed, and axial force as parameters. Tensile tests found strengths ranged from 32-80 MPa. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratios identified axial force as the most significant parameter, with a strength-optimized level of 6000N. Rotational speed of 1600 RPM and travel speed of 20 mm/min also improved strength. The study aims to determine optimum parameters for high strength FSW joints of aluminum alloy H30.
A Novel Method for Joining of Aluminium Alloy AA6061 Plates by Friction Stir ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a novel method for joining aluminum alloy AA6061 plates using friction stir welding on a vertical milling machine. Tools made from high speed steel H13 were used to friction stir weld the aluminum plates in a butt configuration fixture. The welds were analyzed using SEM and tensile testing. Microstructure images showed a fine grain structure with minimal heat affected zone. Tensile testing revealed the welds had equivalent strength to the parent material. This innovative technique was able to successfully friction stir weld aluminum plates using a modified vertical milling machine.
IRJET- Prediction of Angular Distortion in GTA Welded Stainless Steel 304 Pla...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses predicting angular distortion in gas tungsten arc welded stainless steel 304 plates through mathematical modeling. Three input welding parameters - current, speed, and torch angle - were identified and their ranges determined.
2) Experiments were conducted according to a central composite face centered design of experiments to evaluate the effects of the parameters on angular distortion. Angular distortion was measured after welding 20 test plates based on the design.
3) The data is being used to develop a mathematical model for predicting angular distortion based on the input parameters. The model will be evaluated using ANOVA and response surface methodology for graphical analysis.
Optimization of resistance spot welding process parameters of AISI 304l and A...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research that optimized resistance spot welding process parameters for joining AISI 304L stainless steel and AISI 1020 carbon steel. The researchers investigated the effects of welding current, pressure, weld time, and hold time on tensile strength and nugget diameter using Taguchi methods. Analysis of variance found that welding current had the strongest influence on response variables. Optimization revealed that maximum tensile strength and minimum nugget diameter were achieved with a current of 10kA, pressure of 4 bars, weld time of 10 cycles, and hold time of 25 cycles. In conclusion, welding current was the most significant factor affecting joint quality.
Experimental Investigations of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) on Al 6061 : A Cas...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloy 6061. The study used a milling machine to conduct FSW trials with different tool pin profiles at various welding parameters. Initial trials failed due to tool breakage. Failure analysis found the main causes were tool material, rpm, and tool profile/vibrations. Modifying the tool to a tapered, threaded pin profile and increasing rpm to 1200 led to a successful weld with tensile strength of 66MPa, demonstrating FSW is possible on conventional machine tools. The study explored using FSW to join common aluminum alloys for applications like automotive and construction.
IRJET - Characteristics of Butt Joint Produced by Friction Stir Welding ProcessIRJET Journal
The document discusses characteristics of butt joints produced using friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys. It investigates the effects of various FSW process parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joints. Specifically, it examines rotational speed, transverse speed, and tool geometry. Joints of aluminum alloy AA5083 were welded and tested in tension, hardness, impact, and corrosion to analyze properties. The results showed that process parameters significantly affected the weld strength and microstructure. Defect-free joints with optimal mechanical properties could be produced using appropriate FSW conditions.
This document analyzes the influence of process parameters like tool speed, feed rate, and shoulder diameter on the mechanical properties of joints fabricated using friction stir welding of aluminum 6061 alloy. Experiments were conducted with tool rotational speeds of 1950, 3080, and 4600 rpm and different feed rates and shoulder diameters. The tensile strength was highest at a tool speed of 3080 rpm, feed rate of 20 mm/min, and shoulder diameter of 20 mm. The tensile strength was most influenced by the tool speed. Overall, the optimal parameters for maximum tensile strength identified were a tool speed of 3080 rpm, feed rate of 20 mm/min, and shoulder diameter of 20 mm.
Experimental and Fe Analysis of Eccentric Loaded Welded Joint StructureIJERA Editor
Arc welded structures are widely used in automobiles, constructions & power plants. As the main cause of weldment failure is design defect & overload, hence it is necessary to analyze the maximum stresses in the weldment. In this project experimentation is carried out on symmetrical and unsymmetrical eccentric loaded welded joint to determine the breaking stress in the weldment. The FE analysis & analytical estimation of breaking stress is also carried out to verify the experimental results. The stress distribution along weld size & throat thickness is evaluated and also compared with reported findings under same loading condition. Further eccentric loaded welded joint is analyzed under eccentric load by varying the gap between parent plates.
An Investigation on Effect of Welding Speed on Strength of Welded Joint using...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the effect of welding speed on the strength of welds using the TIG welding process. Specifically, it examines welding aluminum alloy AA6063 and AA5083 at various speeds ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 cm/sec. Tensile tests were performed on specimens welded at different speeds. The results showed that maximum tensile strength of 234 MPa was achieved at a welding speed of 0.6 cm/sec, while strength decreased at the highest speed of 1.2 cm/sec. In general, welding strength was lower than the base metal. The study aimed to determine the optimal welding speed to achieve high weld strength.
Finite element modeling and bending stress analysis of non standard spur geareSAT Journals
Abstract Gears are toothed wheels, transmitting power and motion from one shaft to another by means of successive engagement of teeth. Having a higher degree of reliability, compactness, high velocity ratio and finally able to transmit motion at a very low velocity, gears are gaining importance as the most efficient means for transmitting power. A gearing system is susceptible to problems such as interference, backlash and undercut. The contact portions of tooth profiles that are not conjugate is called interference. Furthermore due to interference and in the absence of undercut, the involute tip or face of the driven gear tends to dig out the non-involute flank of the driver. The response of a spur gear and its wear is an engineering problem that has not been completely overcome yet. With the perspective of overcoming such defects and for increase the efficiency of gearing system, the use of a non-standard spur gear i.e., an asymmetric spur gear having different pressure angles for drive and coast side of the tooth comes into picture. This paper emphasis on the generation of an asymmetric spur gear tooth using modeling software and bending stress at the root of Asymmetric spur gear tooth is estimated by finite element analysis using ANSYS software and results were compared with the standard spur gear tooth. Keywords: Asymmetric spur gear, Bending stress, Finite element method, Pressure angle
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
The document discusses using the Taguchi method to analyze the effects of welding parameters on weld bead geometry. An experiment was conducted using MIG welding of mild steel plates with varying thickness, voltage, gas flow rate, and travel speed. Macrostructural tests were performed to measure the weld bead penetration, width, and reinforcement height. The results showed that penetration increased with higher speed and flow rate up to optimal values, while width and height increased with higher flow rate but decreased with higher speed. Therefore, the welding parameters significantly influence the weld bead geometry characteristics.
This document compares surface roughness results from duplex turning and single tool turning experiments on AISI-1018 steel. Statistical analysis using SPSS software found that duplex turning produced lower surface roughness values than single tool turning. The coefficient of determination (R-squared) was higher for duplex turning (99.7%) than single turning (98.2%), indicating duplex turning better explained the variance in surface roughness. The adjusted R-squared value was also higher for duplex turning, further suggesting it more precisely models the relationship between cutting parameters and surface roughness. Interaction plots showed duplex turning also reduced interactions between feed and speed that were present with single tool turning.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology. The article investigates the friction welding parameters for joining copper alloy Cu Zn30. It aims to optimize the parameters of rotational speed, friction pressure, friction time, and forge pressure to achieve maximum tensile strength of the joint. Taguchi methods are used to design the experiment. The results found that friction time had the greatest influence on tensile strength, while for friction pressure and forge pressure also significantly impacted strength. Under optimal parameters of 1500 RPM, 5 seconds, 10 bar, and 20 bar, the joint achieved a tensile strength of 332.92 N/mm2. Regression and statistical analysis supported the parameter optimization results. Microstructure
A Review on Modification in Honing Machine Stone Feeding InstallationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review on modifications made to the stone feeding installation on a honing machine. Honing is used to finish bearing surfaces and requires tool wear compensation to maintain surface finish quality during mass production. The existing manual stone feeding system was replaced with an automated mechanism using a ball screw actuator and stepper motor. This reduced human errors from operators and increased the number of bearing rings that could be honed. The review covers literature on tool wear monitoring methods like ultrasonic testing and sensor fusion, as well as tool wear prediction modeling. It was concluded that the new automated stone feeding system achieved the objectives of compensating for tool wear and improving honing machine productivity.
Effect of process parameter on mechanical properties of friction stir welded ...IJARIIT
In this paper effect of process parameter on mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum alloy joints using
factorial design is calculated. In experimentation, Two Level of Factorial Design is found to be a more effective tool to
investigate the interaction effects of parameters on the required response. Various models have been proposed in this context
out of that 95% are at an adequate confidence level. In an analysis of stir welding, tensile strength is found to get an increase
with a decrease in rotational speed of tool while decreases with increase in the welding speed.At the low rotational speed of tool
high welding speed, there is a small increasing response to Tensile Strength. But at high rpm, and high welding speed, there is
a significant increase in Tensile Strength. At a low value of welding speed and high rotational speed, there is a sharp decrease
in Tensile Strength. At high welding speed, an increase in rpm, there is a little decrease in Tensile Strength. Prediction of the
Tensile Strength at any combination of the two parameters welding speed and rotational speed can be done. With increase
shoulder diameter, there is a decrease in Impact Strength. Impact Strength increases with the increase in tool rotational speed.
Investigation on Properties of Structural Steel Joints using Arc and MIG Weld...IRJET Journal
This document investigates the properties of structural steel joints welded using arc and MIG welding processes. Mild steel plates of varying thicknesses were welded using both processes. Samples from the welded joints underwent tensile testing, impact testing, hardness testing, and microscopic analysis to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties. The investigation found that MIG welding joints produced higher mechanical properties than arc welding joints when joining mild steel plates. V-shaped joints also performed better than square butt joints.
IRJET- Selection for Better and Increased Tool Life by the Use of HSS Cutting...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the optimal cutting parameters for maximum tool life when machining mild steel and aluminum with HSS cutting tools under dry conditions. Experiments were conducted using different spindle speeds, cutting speeds, and feed rates to determine their effects on depth of cut and tool life. Results showed that higher spindle speeds and feeds decreased tool life for both materials. Mild steel provided longer tool life than aluminum. The study aimed to identify cutting conditions for improved tool life by selecting appropriate workpiece and cutting tool materials along with suitable feed rates and lower cutting speeds.
Design and Analysis of Crane Hook with Different MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of crane hooks made from different materials to minimize failure. Crane hooks are commonly used to lift heavy loads but are prone to failure from stresses. The authors used CAD software to model a crane hook and FEA software to analyze stresses. They modeled hooks made from high strength low alloy steel, structural steel, and ASTM Grade 60 cast iron. Stress calculations were performed analytically and through FEA. Results showed the high strength low alloy steel hook had the lowest equivalent stress and highest factor of safety, indicating it is least likely to fail under load compared to the other materials.
A REVIEW ON OPTIMIZATION OF RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING OF ALUMINUM COMPONENTS US...AM Publications
Resistance Spot welding (RSW) is one of the common welding processes used for sheet joining especially in the automobile and aerospace industry. It is used in a wide range of industries but notably for the assembly of sheet steel vehicle bodies. This is a type of resistance welding where the spot welds are made at regular intervals on overlapping sheets of metal. Spot welding is primarily used for joining parts that are normally up to 3 mm in thickness. The joint quality can be defined in terms of properties such as weld-bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion.The objective of the research is to determine the optimum combination of parameters responsible for better quality of joints. The complicated behavior of the process must be analyzed to set the optimum parameters to get the optimum weld quality. The paper also presents the FEA simulation of the RSW process.
A REVIEW ON OPTIMIZATION OF RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING OF ALUMINUM COMPONENTS US...
Similar to An Experimental Analysis and Optimization of Process Parameters on Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar AA6061-T6 and AA6951-T6 using Taguchi Technique
Experimental Analysis to Optimize the Process Parameter of Friction Stir Weld...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental analysis to optimize the process parameters of friction stir welding (FSW) for aluminum alloy AA6082. The researchers conducted FSW experiments using different combinations of tool rotation speed, tilt angle, and welding speed. Tensile strength results of the welded joints were analyzed using Taguchi methods and particle swarm optimization to determine the optimal parameter settings. Specifically, a central composite design was used with three factors at three levels each to evaluate the effects of the FSW parameters on tensile strength. The goal of the research was to develop relationships between FSW variables and tensile/yield strength and identify the best settings for maximizing strength in single and multi-pass welds of AA6082 aluminum alloy.
IRJET-Study of Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joint of Similar...IRJET Journal
This document discusses friction stir welding of similar aluminum alloy AL-2024-T3. It presents the friction stir welding process and examines the mechanical properties and microstructural developments of friction stir welded AL-2024 alloy joints. The study found that maximum tensile and compression strengths were achieved with a tool rotational speed of 1000 rpm and transverse speed of 40 mm/min, as this combination generated the most heat through friction. In general, decreasing the transverse speed while increasing rotational speed resulted in higher weld strengths, as it allowed more time for frictional heat generation.
Review on Effect of Process Parameters - Friction Stir Welding ProcessIRJET Journal
This document reviews the effect of process parameters, specifically tool rotation speed and welding speed, on the properties of friction stir welded joints. It summarizes findings from previous studies that have investigated how these parameters influence tensile strength, microstructure, and microhardness of welded aluminum alloys. The key findings are that increasing tool rotation speed generally leads to higher heat input which can improve tensile strength and ductility up to a point, but also promotes grain growth. Faster welding speeds decrease heat input and grain size. Overall, an optimal combination of tool rotation and welding speeds is needed to achieve desirable mechanical properties and microstructure in friction stir welded joints.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Friction Stir Welding using Dissimilar Alloys (...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that evaluated the effect of friction stir welding parameters on the mechanical properties of joints between dissimilar aluminum alloys AA 6061 and AA 6082. Friction stir welding was performed on specimens with varying rotational speeds and traverse speeds. The welded joints were then tested for hardness, tensile strength, and other mechanical properties. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the influence of the different welding parameters on mechanical performance. The goal was to develop mathematical models to optimize the friction stir welding parameters to achieve desired mechanical properties when joining these two aluminum alloys.
Experimental Analysis on TIG welding process parameters of SS304 By Using Tag...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental analysis of TIG welding process parameters on SS304 stainless steel. The study uses a Taguchi design of experiments with welding current and gas flow rate as factors. 16 experiments were conducted varying the parameters at 4 levels each to measure the effect on front width and back width of the weld bead. Results show that higher welding current and lower gas flow rate produce maximum front width, while higher current and intermediate gas flow produce maximum back width. Analysis of variance indicates welding current has a greater effect on bead geometry than gas flow rate. The study aims to optimize the TIG welding parameters to achieve desired weld geometry.
TENSILE BEHAVIOUR OF ALUMINIUM PLATES (5083) WELDED BY FRICTION STIR WELDING IAEME Publication
Using arc welding, gas welding and other welding process, it is very difficult to weld the aluminum alloys. Friction stir welding, on the other hand, can be used to join most Al alloys and
better surface finishing is achieved. Although the work piece does heat up during friction stir weld, the temperature does not reach the melting point.
IRJET- Determination of Formability Index of Sheet MetalsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on determining the formability index of sheet metals through finite element analysis of the Erichsan cupping test. The formability index is expressed as the Erichsan number (cup height at fracture) and peak load. The study analyzed aluminum alloy, mild steel, brass, and titanium alloy using the Erichsan cupping test setup. The results found the brass had the highest Erichsan number while the titanium alloy had the highest peak load, indicating their relative formability. The formability index provides a way to select appropriate sheet metals for a given component based on their capability to stretch before fracture.
Optimization of friction stir welding process parameter using taguchi method ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) is relatively new solid state joining process. This joining technique is energy efficient, environment friendly and versatile. Welding is a multiinput-output process in which quality of welded joint is depends upon a input parameter. Therefore optimization of input process parameter is required to achieve good quality of welding. There are so many methods of optimization in which Taguchi method and Response surface methodology are selected for optimization of process parameter. In this review the effect of process parameter on welded joint studied and optimizes the parameter by using Taguchi method and Response surface methodology. The study of Friction stir welding of Aluminium alloy and High density polyethylene sheets shows the improvement in welded joint quality by optimization of process parameter. The main process parameters which affect the strength of welded joint is tool rotational speed, welding speed, axial force and tool pin profile. Keywords: Friction stir welding (FSW), Optimization, Taguchi Method Response surface Methodology Prediction models
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Friction Stir Welding of AA5052& AA6061 Aluminium Alloy by using T...IRJET Journal
This document discusses friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA5052 and AA6061 using Taguchi methods to optimize welding parameters. AA5052 and AA6061 plates were welded using various tool rotational speeds, transverse feeds, and tilt angles. Tensile testing showed the highest strength of 211MPa occurred with a rotational speed of 700rpm, transverse feed of 110mm/min, and tilt angle of 2 degrees. Taguchi analysis identified tilt angle as the most important parameter, with increased tilt angle improving tensile strength and elongation. Overall, friction stir welding was able to successfully join the dissimilar aluminum alloys.
Experimental Investigation of Multi-Pass, Welding Current & Arc Travel Speed ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation into the effects of multiple welding parameters on the mechanical properties of welded AISI 1020 steel joints. Specifically, it examines the influence of number of welding passes, welding current, and arc travel speed on the ultimate tensile strength and toughness of the welds. An L9 orthogonal array design of experiments was used to test combinations of the three parameters, each at three levels. Tensile and impact tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. Signal-to-noise ratios and ANOVA analysis indicated that number of passes had the greatest influence on both properties, followed by welding current and arc speed. Optimum parameters were identified and verified to maximize strength and toughness.
This document summarizes a study on the tensile behavior of aluminum plates welded using friction stir welding. Various welding parameters like rotational speed, welding speed, and pin diameter were experimented with to weld an aluminum alloy. Mathematical models were developed using a statistical design of experiments approach to understand the effects of the parameters on tensile strength. It was found that tensile strength decreases with increasing rotational speed, increases with increasing welding speed, and decreases with increasing pin diameter. The maximum tensile strength was achieved at low rotational speed and high welding speed. Regression models for tensile strength were developed and validated to be adequate predictors within 95% confidence level.
Optimization of Process Parameters of Friction Stir Welding for Similar He-30...IRJET Journal
This document discusses optimization of process parameters for friction stir welding of similar HE-30 aluminium alloy. It begins with an abstract that describes the friction stir welding process and the objectives of using Taguchi methods to optimize welding parameters to achieve high tensile strength. It then provides background on friction stir welding, describing how it is a solid-state welding process that uses a rotating tool to plasticize materials without melting. The document discusses how process parameters like rotational speed, travel speed, and tool geometry can affect joint quality and properties. It aims to use an experimental design and analysis approach to determine the optimum welding conditions for high tensile strength when joining HE-30 aluminium alloy.
Design of Fixture for rotary welding SPMIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a fixture for rotary welding on a special purpose machine (SPM). The fixture is designed to hold vehicle parts like the steering shaft, steering stem, and under bracket that require rotary welding. The fixture design process involves conceptualizing, CAD modeling, material selection, and finite element analysis. EN31 steel is selected for its strength and hardness properties. The fixture assembly consists of top and bottom plates connected by two pillars. Analysis in ANSYS shows the maximum stresses and deformations are below permissible limits, indicating the fixture can safely support the assumed 8 kg workpiece weight. The designed fixture aims to improve welding quality, productivity, and reduce errors compared to manual welding.
Optimization and Comparison of Mono Leaf Spring using Different MaterialsIRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative study of mono leaf springs made from different materials, including steel, E-glass, Kevlar, and carbon fiber. Solidworks software was used to create solid models of the leaf springs and perform finite element analysis. The analysis found that Kevlar had the highest stress level but lowest displacement, while E-glass and carbon fiber had higher displacement but lower stress than steel. E-glass, Kevlar, and carbon fiber also exhibited lower strain and natural frequency than steel. However, the alternative materials provided significant weight reductions compared to steel, ranging from 74-82%. Overall, the study aimed to determine the most suitable material for mono leaf springs by comparing their mechanical behaviors under the same loading conditions
Friction stir welding of aluminium 5086 alloyseSAT Journals
Abstract Friction Stir welding (FSW) is a solid state attachment method used for welding of metals of same and different metals. This process of friction stir welding (FSW) is widely using for the reason it can produces sound welds and doesn't have common issues like solidification and liquefaction cracking connected to the fusion techniques. The Friction stir welding of Al 5086 alloys had been commercialized and up to date interest is targeted on change of integrity with different metals. Thus on commercialize this method, analysis studies are required to characterize. particularly, FSW has impressed researchers to aim modification of integrity different metals like aluminum 5086 that differ in properties and sound welds with none or restricted inter metallic bonding of components has been done. In this paper we have to make a research on the current analysis state of FSW between aluminum 5086 with attention on the resulting welding and tensile strength, microstructure, elongation and the tools are used to produce the welds and also an insight into future analysis during this process of study the project of friction welding. By this process in our project we got an idea of going to maintain the rotational speed (rpm) 450 to 1400 and also by changing welding rpm (speed). This friction stir welding is used in nasa for joining of two totally different or same types of materials. Keywords: Friction stir welding, Tool, Welding parameters, and Mechanical properties etc…
Optimization of Surface Roughness Parameters in Turning EN1A Steel on a CNC L...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment to optimize surface roughness parameters when turning EN1A steel on a CNC lathe with coolant. The experiment uses Taguchi methods to design the experiment with three factors (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) at three levels each, for a total of nine experiments. Analysis of variance is used to analyze the results and determine that feed rate has the highest contribution to surface roughness at 68.56%, followed by cutting speed at 18.98% and depth of cut at 12.46%. Regression and general linear models are developed to model the relationship between the input and output parameters. The results provide optimal cutting conditions and are useful for manufacturing industries to improve surface finish.
Taguchi Based Optimization of Cutting Parameters Aluminium Alloy 6351 using CNCIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used Taguchi methods to optimize cutting parameters for turning aluminum alloy 6351 on a CNC lathe. Experiments were conducted using an L9 orthogonal array to examine the effects of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR). Analysis found that feed rate had the greatest influence on both surface roughness and MRR. For minimum surface roughness, the optimal parameters were a speed of 800 rpm, feed of 0.1 mm/rev, and depth of cut of 0.3 mm. For maximum MRR, the optimal parameters were a speed of 1100 rpm, feed of 0.3 mm/rev, and depth of cut of 0.3
IRJET- A Critical Review on Bellow Part Removal FixtureIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of bellow removal fixtures. It begins with an abstract that describes bellows as flexible elements in expansion joints that absorb dimensional changes from forces and thermal expansion. It also describes fixtures as work holding devices that impact manufacturing quality, productivity and cost.
The document then reviews the design of bellow removal fixtures. It discusses key parameters like the fixture frame needing to be rigid to minimize deflection, fast clamping, and locating the workpiece with at least three fixed support points. It also reviews the "3-2-1" locating principle for prismatic parts. Finally, it concludes that fixtures are used for locating and holding workpieces, and that they are fixed to machines to aid mass production and reduce operator
Review of Effect of Tool Nose Radius on Cutting Force and Surface RoughnessIRJET Journal
This document reviews the effect of tool nose radius on cutting force and surface roughness in machining processes. It summarizes several previous studies that have examined how tool nose radius influences factors like surface finish, tool wear, cutting forces, heat generation, and residual stresses. The studies found that larger tool nose radii generally produce finer surface finishes but greater tool wear. Increasing nose radius also tends to increase cutting forces but decrease surface roughness. The document aims to further evaluate how nose radius affects cutting force, tool wear, and residual stresses in metal turning.
Similar to An Experimental Analysis and Optimization of Process Parameters on Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar AA6061-T6 and AA6951-T6 using Taguchi Technique (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia